Newborn examination Flashcards
Risk factors for congenital eye problems
Premature
First degree relative with cataracts
Trisomy 21
Maternal rubella/CMV exposure
Risk factors for congenital hip problems
First degree relative
Breech presentation at/after 36 weeks
Multiple pregnancy
Risk factors for congenital heart problems
First degree relative with CHD Maternal rubella exposure Trisomies Maternal alcohol/substance use Maternal SLE, epilepsy or type 1 DM
What do you need to examine the eyes for
Eye opening Asymmetry Position of eyes Red reflex Colour
What abnormalities can be picked up from testing red reflex
Absent - cataracts
White - retinoblastoma
What do you examine for in the hips
Leg length
Hip movement - especially adduction
Level of knees with hips and knees flexed to 90 degrees
Inspection for heart examination
Chest symmetry and symmetry of movement
Central and peripheral colour
Signs of respiratory distress
Palpation for heart examination
Apex beat position Thrills CRT Femoral pulses Liver size
Auscultation for heart examination
Listen for additional heart sounds
What are the abnormal pulse oximetry results
<95%
>2% difference between left and right upper limbs
What do you examine for in the testes
Symmetry
Size
Colour
If can’t palpate testes in scrotum, palpate the inguinal canal
How do you test newborn hearing
Automated otoacoustic emissions testing
Risk factors for congenital testes problems
First degree relative with cryptorchidism
Low birth weight
Preterm
Small for gestational age
What is screened for in the newborn blood spot screening
Congenital hypothyroidism Cystic fibrosis Sickle cell disease PKU HCU Beta thalassaemia major MSUD MCADD Isovoleric acidaemia Glutaric aciduria type 1
Causes of CHT
> 99.9% defect in thyroid - aplasia, hypoplasia, ectopic
<0.01% HPA dysfunction
Mostly sporadic, not inherited
