Vaccines

Question 1

What are vaccines used for?

Answer 1

To stimulate the immune system and cause it to make specific antibodies in order to prevent a given disease

Question 2

What do most vaccines contain?

Answer 2

A pathogen that is very weak or dead

Question 3

What does having the little bit of pathogen inside your body do?

Answer 3

It makes your immune system build antibodies to fight off said pathogen

Question 4

What are antibodies?

Answer 4

They are attack substances which help to trap and kill germs that can lead to disease

Question 5

How does your body make antibodies?

Answer 5

• By getting the disease

- By getting the vaccine

Question 6

What do vaccines prevent, compared to getting the disease?

Answer 6

It is much safer and prevents suffering from the symptoms the disease causes

Question 7

How long do antibodies stay with you?

Answer 7

A long time
Memory cells remember how to fight the germ so that if the real germ comes into the body, the immune system will recognize it and know how to fight it

Question 8

What do you need when the body forgets how to fight the pathogen?

Answer 8

A reminder called a booster shot

Question 9

What are the 3 ways to manufacture vaccines?

Answer 9

Attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, vaccines from genetic engeneering

Question 10

Describe attenuated vaccines.

Answer 10

These vaccines are prepared from living bacteria or viruses. Manufacturers chose strains of the pathogen that have lost their ability to cause disease but that are still recognizable by the body as foreign matter

Question 11

Give examples of attenuated vaccines

Answer 11

Measles
Rubella
Mumps
Polio

Question 12

Describe inactivated vaccines

Answer 12

They are prepared from pathogens that have been inactivated or killed by chemicals, heat or UV rays. They are no longer capable of causing disease but they have the potential to stimulate the immune system

Question 13

Give examples of inactivated vaccines

Answer 13

Whooping cough
Typhoid
Cholera
Flu

Question 14

Describe vaccines from genetic engineering

Answer 14

Made by modifying the pathogen’s DNA and keeping only the non-dangerous genes or by replacing the dangerous genes with genes that do not have the power to harm you. This way the body learns to fight the virus without getting sick from it.

Question 15

Give an example of a vaccine from genetic engeneering

Answer 15

Hepatitis B