Vaccines

Question 1

Vaccines MOA

Answer 1

Vaccines act as antigen to stimulate the immune system to produce antigen specific antibodies

Question 2

Live attenuated (weakened) vaccines

Answer 2

Modified to be less pathogenic 
Most consistent with natural immunity 
-retains ability to replicate 
*cannot give to immunocompromised PTs 
-more effective, longer lasting

Question 3

Inactivated (killed) vaccines

Answer 3

Non infectious, no replication
Ig levels fall over time: boosters needed
*safer in immunocompromised patients
*may cause more AEs due to adjuvants

Question 4

Adjuvants

Answer 4

More in inactivated vaccines
Things added to vaccine; intended to make body angry and to build an immune response
Al3, water, oil

Question 5

After systemic corticosteroids wait how long to administer a live vaccine?

Answer 5

One month

Question 6

After stopping other immunosuppressants wait how long to give a live vaccine?

Answer 6

3 months

Question 7

Thimerosal

Answer 7

Preservative
-Mercury(neurotoxic)
Removed in 1999 from childhood vaccines
.01% still in vaccines

Question 8

Vaccine Adverse Effects

Answer 8

Pain,redness, arthralgia at site of injection

• fever, febrile seizures
• intussusception( rotavirus vaccine)- GI issues, obstruction in newborns
• narcolepsy- Europe H1N1

Question 9

Beyond vaccination

Other immune enhancing agents

Answer 9

• Colony stimulating factors
• IVIG

Specific: antibodies given against disease for when you already have it

Question 10

Colony stimulating factors
G-CSF: Filgrastim (neupogen), Pegfilgrastim (Nuelasta)
GM-CSF: Sargramostim (leukine)

Answer 10

Make bone marrow make specific cell types (used in people who are immunosuppressant)
Low risk of infection

IVIG: pooled immunoglobulin (IgG) from the population (tightly controlled and very expensive)

Question 11

Specific antibodies to get when you already have the disease

Answer 11

Anthrax, botulism, CMV, hep B, rabies, Rh0, tetanus, varicella-zoster