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Pharmacology Part 2 > Antihistamines > Flashcards

Antihistamines Flashcards

1
Q

Antihistamines

Adverse effects

A

Primarily due to antihistamine effects: sedation or CNS stimulation, anticholinergic effects( anti -slud)
-dizziness, tinnitus, uncoordinated, blurry vision, nervousness, insomnia, tremors
-loss of appetite, N/V, constipation
, diarrhea, increase appetite or weight gain

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2
Q

First generation antihistamines

A

Fast onset across the BBB
Around longer (old)
More sedating vs second generation

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3
Q

Second generation antihistamines

A

DONT cross the BBB
Actions similiar to 1st generation; primarily H1 antagonist actions
Newer
Better tolerated; less AEs
Non-sedating: less likely to make you sleepy
Less CNS penetration

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4
Q 
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) 
Clemastine (tavist) 
Carbinoxamine (rondec) 
Pyrilamine (poly-histine-D) 
Tripelennamine (PBZ) 
Hydroxyzine (atarax, vistaril) 
Cyclizine 
Meclizine (antivert) 
Phenidamine (nolahist) 
*cyproheptidine (periactin) 
*chlorpheniramine (Chlor-trimenton) 
* brompheniramine (bromphen) 
*doxepin
*promethazine
A

First generation antihistamines

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5
Q 
Acrivastine (semprex-D) 
*certirizene (zyrtec) 
Levocertirizine (xyzal) 
Azelastine (astelin, astepro) 
Loratidine (Claritin) 
Desloratadine (clarinex) 
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
A

Second generation antihistamines

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6
Q

Antihistamines

MOA

A

Actions primarily due to H1 antagonist actions

  • active on many histamine effects: vasodilation, capillary permeability, itching and redness
  • mixed effects on sexretions
  • sedating and CNS stimulating effects
  • anticholinergic effects (ANTI-SLUD)
  • actions may last longer than drugs t1/2
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7
Q

Cyproheptidine (periactin)

A

1st generation
Some anti serotonin effects (5-HT)
Treatment for serotonin syndrome

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8
Q

Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-trimenton)

Brompheniramine (bromphen)

A

1st generation
Less sedating possibly more CNS stimulation
Halogenated
* less sedating of all the 1st generations

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9
Q

Doxepin

A 
1st gen 
Tricyclic antidepressant 
Strongest *
High potency 
High anticholinergic effects 
High sedation
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10
Q

Promethazine

A 
1st gen 
Phenothiazine typical antipsychotic 
Anticholinergic effects 
High sedation
*largely used as an antiemetic
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11
Q

Certirizene (zyrtec)

A

2nd generation

* most sedating of second gen

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Pharmacology Part 2 (16 decks)

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