Vaccines

Question 1

Conjugating polysaccharides to a protein carrier

Answer 1

leads to high affinity IgG and memory response

Question 2

adjuvant

Answer 2

substance that promotes greater immune response

alum aka aluminum hydroxide is the most commonly used adjuvant in vaccines

Question 3

hep b vaccine

Answer 3

recombinant protein grown in yeast
intramuscular injection, 3 times
serum antibody prevents virus from infecting the liver

Question 4

DTaP

diptheria, tetanus, aceullular pertussis

Answer 4

acellular vaccine, pertusis exotoxin, 5 subunits

will not eradicate bacteria but will neutralize the toxins that cause disease

Question 5

hemophilus influenzae type b vaccine

Answer 5

capsular polysaccharide protein conjugate

polysaccharides- no memory response, affinity maturation or isotype switching to IgG

Question 6

Proteins conjugated to capsular polysaccharides

Answer 6

tetanus toxoid
diptheria toxoid
Group B Neisseria meningitidis

Question 7

Meningococcal vaccine

MCV4, Menactra

Answer 7

protects against 4 groups of Neisseria meningtidis

Question 8

Polio vaccine

Answer 8

2 types of vaccines
-inactivated Salk poliovirus vaccine= IPV, this is injected
neutralizes the virus before it reaches CNS

-live attenuated Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine OPV
develops local mucosal immunity in GI to prevent spread
this is no longer given in the US, paralysis

Question 9

MMR vaccine

mumps, measles, rubella

Answer 9

live, attenuated–> protective serum antibodies + CMI

Question 10

Rubella virus

Answer 10

rash, fever, and joint pain

only example where vaccination of 1 population is meant to protect another population (fetuses)

Question 11

varicella vaccine

Answer 11

live attenuated viral vaccine

protection from chicken pox

Question 12

rotavirus vaccine

Answer 12

common diarrheal pathogen in children

RRV-TV, attenuated rhesus virus expressing human virus VP7 antigen

Question 13

Pneumococcal vaccine

Answer 13

streptococcus pneumoniae, leading cause of bacterial meningitis in the US

vaccine= s. pneumoniae polysaccharides conjugated to a carrier protein

Question 14

flu vaccines

contain: H3N2, H1N1, influenza b

Answer 14

flu mist- live attenuated vaccine, intranasally, healthy nonpregnant without high risk conditions

inactivated vaccine- intramuscular, older than 6 months, chronic medical conditions

Question 15

HPV vaccine

Answer 15

effective in preventing HPV type 16 and 18

vaccine= L1 protein which is a capsid protein of HPV, neutralizing antibodies protective