Hypersensitivity

Question 1

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

Answer 1

allergy and anaphylaxis

IgE, TH2 cells

Question 2

type 2 Hypersensitivity

Answer 2

antibody mediated cytotoxicity

IgM & IgG against cell surface or ECM antigens

Question 3

type 3 Hypersensitivity

Answer 3

immune complex disease

IgM or IgG

Question 4

type 4 Hypersensitivity

Answer 4

delayed type Hypersensitivity

ex=poison ivy

Question 5

Allergens

Answer 5

Systemic mast cell activation

directly into bloodstream or rapidly absorbed from gut

Question 6

systemic anaphylaxis

Answer 6

food, drugs, venoms

Question 7

acute urticaria

Answer 7

allergy testing, insect bites, animal hair

Question 8

seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis hay fever

Answer 8

pollen, dust mite feces

Question 9

asthma

Answer 9

dander, pollen, dust mite feces

Question 10

food allergy

Answer 10

fish, shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, eggs, wheat

Question 11

Atopic

Answer 11

Make an IgE response to allergens

Increased tendency to develop allergies

Question 12

histamine causes

Answer 12

bronchial smooth muscle contraction

increase of vascular permeability

Question 13

proteases cause

Answer 13

activation of matrix metalloproteinases that cleave tissue matrix proteins which causes damage

Question 14

TNF a causes

Answer 14

promotion in inflammation

Question 15

eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis causes

Answer 15

accumulation of esosinophils locally or in bloodstream attempts to counteract the effects of histamine

Question 16

phospholipase

Answer 16

membrane phospholipids–> arachidonic acid

Question 17

cyclooxygenase

Answer 17

arachidonic acid–> prostaglandins

Question 18

lipooxygenase

Answer 18

arachidonic acid–> 5-HPETE–> LTA4–>LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

Question 19

late phase response

Answer 19

type 1 Hypersensitivity
develops 6-8 hours after the immediate rxn
secretion of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, chemokines, and cytokines via mast cells

Question 20

epinephrine

Answer 20

type 1 Hypersensitivity treatment
binds to B adrenergic receptors 
increases C-cAMP
relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
ONLY TREATMENT THAT REVERSES

Question 21

antihistamines

Answer 21

type 1 Hypersensitivity treatment

bind to histamine receptors to block binding of histamine

Question 22

cromolyn sodium

Answer 22

type 1 Hypersensitivity treatment

blocks degranulation

Question 23

theophylline

Answer 23

type 1 Hypersensitivity treatment

blocks degranulation

Question 24

subcutaneous allergen injections

Answer 24

type 1 Hypersensitivity treatment
IgE decreases
IgG increases

Question 25

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Answer 25

type 2 hypersensitivity

mother makes IgG to Rh antigen

Question 26

Non cytotoxic Reactions

type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 26

Graves disease- antibodies to TSH, hyperthyroid

Myasthenia Gravis- antibodies to acetylcholine

Question 27

Pathogenesis of type 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 27

immune complexes lodge in tissues
complement activation–> C5a, neutrophil accumulation
lysosomal enzymes damage tissue
fever, urticaria, arthritis, lymph node enlargement, proteinuria

Question 28

Immune complex

Answer 28

RBC have C1 protein that binds C3b and C4b
gets shuttled to liver and spleen
immune complex is removed by macrophages

Question 29

examples of type IV hypersensitivity

Answer 29

tuberculin rxn
contact dermatitis
delayed graft reaction

Question 30

contact dermatitis

Answer 30

type IV hypersensitivity

CD4 and CD8 secrete inflammatory cytokines including IFN gamma

Question 31

tuberculin reaction

Answer 31

endothelial cells upregulate expression of VCAM-1

bind memory T helper VLA 4