Vaccines Flashcards by Erin Nolan

active immunity

protection is PRODUCED

as a result of exposure to antigen or pathogen

e.g. getting disease, vaccine

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passive immunity

protection that is GIVEN

receive antibodies from someone else

e.g. baby getting from mom, IgG

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T or F: You can increase passive immunity

FALSE

only last a short time

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Natural pathway to infection

get infection

get disease
-death possibly

chronic disease

immunity

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Vaccine pathway to infection

going straight from infection to immunity

skipping the disease part

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What immune cells are vaccines mediated by?

B cells!

produce antibody to prevent or reduce disease

acquired immunity

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Primary immune response

produce lots of IgM

some IgG

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Length of primary response

7 to 14 days

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Secondary immune response

produce lots of IgG

some IgM

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Length of secondary response

1 to 2 days

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Which stage of the immune response occurs in response to a pathogen that you’ve been vaccinated against?

skip to secondary immune response

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Vaccine strategies (7)

1) live-attenuated

2) inactivated/killed

3) polysaccharide

4) toxoid

5) subunit

6) mRNA

7) recombinant vector/DNA

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live-attenuated vaccine examples

measles

mumps

rubella

varicella

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killed vaccine examples

Hepatitis A

influenza virus

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polysaccharide vaccine examples

not very immunogenic

Hepatitis B

Pneumococcal 23

Neisseria meningiditis

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toxoid vaccine examples

tetanus and diphteria

subunit vaccine example

tethered to an adjuvant

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Prevnar)

Bordatella pertussis

mRNA vaccine examples

COVID

recombinant vector vaccine examples

won’t be used for infectious disease, mRNA is better and more cost effective

Hepatitis B

Types of protection from vaccination (2)

1) individual protection

2) community protection

Individual protection

protects the person that has taken the vaccine from acquiring the infection

remember that risk increases with age

Community protection

vaccination of a large population of the population that reduces/ eliminates the possibility that a non-immune individual will be exposed to the pathogen

“herd immunity”

Typical vaccination range needed for herd immunity

70 to 90%

Pathogen that requires high herd immunity

measles

Factors affecting vaccine efficacy

vaccine compliance*** environmental factors (crowded living) person's immune status how infectious the disease is

Passive immunization

temporary - weeks to months given when you can wait for vaccine induced response

Passive immunization examples

Hep A and B varicella measles rabies tetanus diphtheria

What is the only disease with a 100% mortality rate?

rabies

What is the only infectious disease that we've been able to eradicate?

smallpox

T or F: Vaccines are the most effective public health intervention

TRUE

How were we able to tell that Hib vaccine program was effective?

Hemopolis influenza B rates dropped S. pneumoniae rates didn’t drop both diseases go hand in hand

Cancers caused by HPV

cervical penile throat

HPV is: a) lytic b) lysogenic

b) lysogenic usually acquires in 20s develop cervical cancer in 40s

T or F: Most HPV infections are asymptomatic and cleared by the immune system

TRUE

How were they able to tell that the HPV program in Australia was successful in the short-term?

rates of genital warts decreased later - cervical cancer rates went down

Herpes zoster vaccine use

prevents shingles

Age group for herpes zoster vaccine

50+

What is the herpes zoster vaccine effective against

shingles reactivation post-herpetic neuralgia