Infection Control

Question 1

nosocomial infection

Answer 1

any infection that is acquired due to exposure to a health care facility

Question 2

Mneumonic for chain of transmission

Answer 2

I Really Prefer My Pasta Spicy

Question 3

Components of the chain of transmission (6)

Answer 3

1) infectious agent

2) reservoir

3) portals of exit

4) modes of transmission

5) portals of entry

6) susceptible host

Question 4

Infectious agent

Answer 4

bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, prions

Question 5

First thing you’d want to know about infectious agent after you identify it

Answer 5

enveloped or not

environmental stability

Question 6

Reservoir

Answer 6

surroundings, people, water, food, animals

Question 7

Portals of exit

Answer 7

bodily fluids (blood, nasal secretions, semen, vaginal fluid)

skin

feces

mucous membranes

Question 8

Modes of transmission (4)

Answer 8

1) contact

2) respiratory

3) parenteral

4) fomites

Question 9

Mode of transmission for MRSA

Answer 9

contact

hands, equipment

Question 10

How to mitigate MRSA infection

Answer 10

hand hygiene

don’t share equipment between positive and negative patients

Question 11

Mode of transmission for enterococcus

Answer 11

environment

Question 12

How to mitigate enterococcus infection

Answer 12

environmental cleaning

Question 13

Portals of entry

Answer 13

mucous membranes

respiratory tract

GI tract

broken skin

Question 14

Susceptible host

Answer 14

age

immunosuppression

diabetes

burns

surgery

lines

immunization (lack of)

immunodeficiency

wounds

exposure to HAI

Question 15

Modes of transmission - contact (2)

Answer 15

1) Direct

2) Indirect

Question 16

Direct contact transmission

Answer 16

patient to patient
e.g. S. aureus

patient to self

Question 17

Indirect contact transmission

Answer 17

patient to HCW to patient

patient to environment to HCW to patient

contaminated equipment

Question 18

Reasons why indirect contact transmission would occur in the hospital

Answer 18

gloves used for more than 1 task

poor hand hygiene

equipment used on multiple patients

equipment not cleaned properly

Question 19

Why did C. difficile at KGH keep spreading?

Answer 19

environmental pathogen

used microfiber clothes - held onto things from the environmental and spread them around

Question 20

When washing hands, what does most of the work:
a) the soap silly!
b) rubbing action

Answer 20

b) rubbing action

Question 21

Routes of respiratory transmission (2)

Answer 21

1) airborne

2) droplet

Question 22

Airborne respiratory transmission

Answer 22

small droplets (< 5 um)

Question 23

Examples of pathogens that spread via airborne respiratory transmission

Answer 23

tuberculosis

varicella

measles

Question 24

Droplet respiratory transmission

Answer 24

larger droplets (> 5 um)

Question 25

Examples of pathogens that spread via droplet respiratory transmission

Answer 25

meningococcal meningitis COVID SARS MERS Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) -influenza -pertussis

Question 26

Parenthal routes of transmission (2)

Answer 26

1) needle stick injuries 2) abraded skin, cuts, wounds

Question 27

If a HCW is injured with a needle stick, who should you test for blood-born infection a) HCW b) patient

Answer 27

b) patient

Question 28

If the patient was recently infected with HIV, how long would it take for their result to appear positive?

Answer 28

9 to 14 days

Question 29

Less common routes of nosocomial transmission

Answer 29

food medication vectors - e.g. flies

Question 30

How to protect yourself from infection in the health care setting

Answer 30

assume every patient is positive for pathogens routine precautions

Question 31

4 moments of hand hygiene

Answer 31

KNOW FOR SURE**** 1) BEFORE initial patient/patient environment contact 2) BEFORE aseptic procedure 3) AFTER contact with bodily fluids 4) AFTER patient/patient environment contact

Question 32

Aerosol generating procedures (many)

Answer 32

intubation or intubated patients suctioning ventilation nebulization of medication coughing patients

Question 33

Contact precautions

Answer 33

gown and gloves mask for ARI single room dedicated equipment

Question 34

T or F: Patients on contact precautions are not allowed to leave their room.

Answer 34

FALSE MAY be allowed to leave if they are not soiling the environment

Question 35

Examples of pathogens for contact precautions

Answer 35

MRSA C. difficile VRE fecal incontinence or gross soiling uncontained wound drainage

Question 36

Airborne precautions

Answer 36

gloves, gown N95, eye protection negative pressure, private room door closed

Question 37

Droplet precautions

Answer 37

eye protection, mask also typically gown and gloves door can be open, curtain pulled between beds