Skin and Soft Tissue

Question 1

T or F: Anything that infects the skin is highly virulent.

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

Cardinal signs of SSTIs

Answer 2

host inflammatory response followed by….

fever

rapid progression of lesions

Question 3

What causes changes in temperature and discolouration?

Answer 3

cytokines

Question 4

Skin and soft tissue infections are classified based on….

Answer 4

DEPTH

Question 5

Risk factors for SSTIs (many)

Answer 5

diabetes

cirrhosis

neutropenia (feb neut)

human and animal bites

hot tube, loofah

water exposure

IV drug use

Question 6

If someone has Group B strep on their skin, what is their most likely co-morbidity?

Answer 6

diabetes

increased level of sugar and bacteria love sugar

Question 7

If someone has cirrhosis, what types of bacteria would they grow?

Answer 7

gram negative

damaged gut barrier

Question 8

Most likely bacteria from a human bite

Answer 8

Eikenella

from fights! teeth

Question 9

Most likely bacteria from a cat bite

Answer 9

pasteurella

Question 10

Impetigo

Answer 10

infectious epidermal eruptions of flaccid pustules

ruptured - form a thick honey-coloured crust

lesions around mouth or nose

HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS

Question 11

Causes of impetigo (2)

Answer 11

Group A strep - pyogenes**

S. aureus

Question 12

Treatment of impetigo

Answer 12

antibiotics

Question 13

How it’s spread

Answer 13

environment

Question 14

Erysipelas

Answer 14

acute, rapid skin skin infection of the deeper skin layers and superficial dermal lymphatics

Question 15

Symptoms of erysipelas

Answer 15

marked swelling

very red

raised

discreet borders

Question 16

Cause of erysipelas

Answer 16

Group A strep - pyogenes

Question 17

Cellulitis

Answer 17

acute, spreading infection to the deeper, subcutaneous layer

Question 18

What does cellulitis typically follow?

Answer 18

local infection

trauma - e.g. bite

Question 19

Cellulitis causes (many)

Answer 19

S. aureus

Group A strep - pyogenes

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Gram negative bacilli (members of enterobacteriaceae)

Question 20

Another word for boil

Answer 20

furuncle

Question 21

Furuncle

Answer 21

infected sebaceous gland

Question 22

ALWAYS the cause of a furuncle

Answer 22

S. aureus

Question 23

Treatment of a furuncle

Answer 23

cloxacillin

Question 24

Decubitus ulcer

Answer 24

bed sore

Question 25

What does a decubitis ulcer grow?

Answer 25

anything and everything no immune surveillance

Question 26

Surgical wound classification (4)

Answer 26

1) clean 2) clean contaminated 3) contaminated 4) dirty/infected

Question 27

Clean surgical wound

Answer 27

no significant contamination no organisms should be there

Question 28

Example of a clean surgical wound

Answer 28

heart surgery

Question 29

Clean contaminated wound

Answer 29

near a mucosal site more cleaning required

Question 30

Examples of clean contaminated wounds

Answer 30

GU resp tract

Question 31

Contaminated wound

Answer 31

more difficult elevated risk for secondary infection

Question 32

Examples of contaminated wounds

Answer 32

colon accident

Question 33

Dirty/infected wound

Answer 33

greatest risk of infection

Question 34

Example of a dirty/infected wound

Answer 34

abscess

Question 35

How to take a surgical wound site swab

Answer 35

CLEAN before you swab

Question 36

Fasciitis

Answer 36

rapidly progressing cellulitis with extensive necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue Toxin Producing Agents related to TRAUMA

Question 37

Most common cause of fasciitis

Answer 37

Group A strep - pyogenes

Question 38

Diagnosis of faciitis

Answer 38

rapid clinical followed by Gram stain and culture confirmation

Question 39

Dermatophytes

Answer 39

caused by a yeast of dermatophytic fungi can infect any site of the body

Question 40

How dermatophytes spread

Answer 40

direct contact e.g. MMA, boxing, contact sports

Question 41

What do dermatophytes produce?

Answer 41

keratinase

Question 42

Diagnosis of dermatophytes

Answer 42

skin scrapping

Question 43

Scabies

Answer 43

microscopic mite female burrows into skin and lays egg egg causes inflammatory reaction (itching)

Question 44

Problem with scabies that increases spread

Answer 44

can live without a host for 24H

Question 45

Where are scabies common?

Answer 45

LTC

Question 46

Lice/crabs

Answer 46

ectoparasite head lice, pubic ilce

Question 47

How lice and crabs spread

Answer 47

contact spread easily but also easily diagnosed and controlled

Question 48

HSV-1 and 2 spread

Answer 48

DIRECT contact

Question 49

Varicella zoster spread

Answer 49

resp, blood, skin