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Immunology > Vaccine types > Flashcards

Vaccine types Flashcards

1
Q

DTaP vaccine

  • formula
  • schedule
  • efficacy
  • duration
A
  1. Formalin-inactivated diphtheria toxin
  2. Five primary doses plus booster every ten years
  3. Approximately 98%
  4. Apprximately 10 years
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2
Q

Adverse affects of DTaP vaccine?

3

A
  1. local reactions
  2. Systemic symptoms not common
  3. can try the DT if reaction to the DTaP
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3
Q

Contraindications for DTaP?

A
  1. already had a severe reaction/adverse effcet to DTap
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4
Q

Booster doses for DTaP?

A

11 or 12 if 5 years since last DTaP and Tdap every ten years

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5
Q

Pregnant women who have not recieved the primary tetanus vaccination series should start the series when?

A

During pregnancy after 20 weeks using Tdap.

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6
Q

Efficacy of HbOC?

A

95%

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7
Q

Minimum age to give HiB?

A

6 weeks

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8
Q

Contraindications for HiB?

2

A
  1. Children less than 6 weeks

2. Past severe reaction

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9
Q

How many shots for HiB?

A

3 primary shots and 1 booster at 15-18 months

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10
Q

Incubation period of measles?

A

10-12 days

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11
Q

Seconday infections/illness for measles

5

A 
otitis media
Pneumonia
encephalitis
Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)
Death
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12
Q

What does mumps cause?

5

A
  1. fever,
  2. headache,
  3. muscle pain,
  4. loss of appetite, and
  5. swollen glands (parotitis).
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13
Q

Complications with Mumps?

4

A
  1. deafness,
  2. meningitis,
  3. painful swelling of the testicles or ovaries (orchitis), and 4. rarely sterility.
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14
Q

What does Rubella cause?

3

A
  1. rash
  2. arthritis (mostly in females)
  3. mild fever
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15
Q

What does congenital rubella syndrome cause?

8

A 
CAN AFFECT ALL ORGAN SYSTEMS
Deafness
Cataracts
Heart defects
Microcephaly
Mental retardation
Bone deformities
Liver and spleen damage
Death
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16
Q

How is MMR given?

A

SubQ

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17
Q

Dosing schedule for MMR?

A

12-18 months

4-6 years

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18
Q

Complications of Herpes zoster?

3

A
  1. PHN (postherpatic neuralgia)
    - chronic pain that is hard to treat!
  2. Ophthalmis Zoster= blindness
  3. Involvement of CNS, lungs, liver and pancreas.
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19
Q

What are symptoms of congenital varicella syndrome?

3

A
  1. low birth weight
  2. atrophy of extremity with skin scarring
  3. neurologic abnormalities
    (small risk)
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20
Q

What are the varicella containing vaccines?

3

A
  1. Varivax- just chicken pox (primary)
  2. Zostavax -shingles (secondary)
  3. MMRV(ProQuad)- good for babies
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21
Q

Dosing schedule for Varivax?

A

1st shot at 12-15 mos

2nd shot 4-6 yrs

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22
Q

Who is the Proquad vacciine approved for?

A

12 mon to 13 years of age

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23
Q

Dosing schedule of ProQuad vax?

A

1st at 12 to 15 months

2nd at 4-6 years of age

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24
Q

Incubation period for Hep A?

A

30 days (range from 15 to 49)

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25
Q

What kind of vaccine is Hep A?

A

Inactivated whole cell vaccine

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26
Q

Who is the Hep A vaccine approved for?

A

12 mo to 18 years of age

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27
Q

Indications for Hep A?

6

A
  1. All children between their 1st and 2nd birthdays (12 through 23 months of age).
  2. International travelers
  3. Men who have sex with men
  4. Persons who use illegal drugs
  5. Persons with occupational risk
  6. Persons with chronic liver disease
28
Q

Typcial dosing schedule for Hep A?

A

1st dose at 12 months

2nd dose at 24 months

29
Q

For individuals exposed to Hep A through the age of 40 and younger how should we treat them?

A

single-antigen Hep A vaccine as soon as possible after exposure

30
Q

For individuals exposed to Hep A that are over the age of 40 how should we treat them?

A

Immunoglobulin but vaccine can be used if you dont have access

31
Q

Incubation period for Hep B?

A

60-150 days (average of 90)

32
Q

Hep B complications?

6

A 
Chronic Infection
Fulminant hepatitis
Hospitalization
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Death
33
Q

Normal dosing schedule for Hep B?

A

1st dose: birth
2nd dose: 6-8 weeks
3rd dose: 6-18 months

34
Q

For infants born to HBsAg+ mothers what do we administer?

A

Hep B vaccine and immune globulin

35
Q

At what age can you first give the flu shot and what is different about the first time compared to other years?

A

6 months and older

children 6mo ato 8 years should get 2 doses the first year they get vaccinated

36
Q

Who is the intranasal flu shot approved for?

A

ages 2-49 and nonpregnant people

37
Q

Contraindications for the Influenza vaccine?

A
  1. Severe allegic reaction to componenet of drug-eggs

2. History of Guillian Barre’

38
Q

Patients who should recieve the inactivated flu vaccine and not the intranasal?
7

A
  1. Children younger than 5 with asthma or recurrent wheezing
  2. Person’s with chronic medical conditions
  3. Children and adolescents receiving long-term aspirin therapy
  4. Immunosuppresed
  5. Pregnant women
  6. Children younger than 2
  7. 50 or older
39
Q

What are the two types of Pneumococcal vaccines?

A

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13 or Prevnar 13-pediatric)- 13 types of bacteria
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV)- 23 types of bacteria

40
Q

Dosing schedule for PCV13?

A 
1st= 6-8 weeks
2nd= 4 months
3rd= 6 months
Booster= 12-15 months
41
Q

Who is PPSV recommended for?

3

A
  1. adults 65 and older
  2. Anyone who is 2-64 who is immunosuppressed or has chronic medical conditions
  3. Adults 19-64 who smoke
42
Q

Who is the 2nd dose of PPSV recommened for?

A
  1. Patients 65 and older who got their 1st shot when they were younger than 65 and its been 5 or more years.
  2. For patients 2 to 65 who are immunocomprimised
43
Q

When should the first dose be given after the 2nd dose for PPSV?

A

5 years

44
Q

Three major signs for menigitis?

A

Fever
Headache
Stiff Neck
You have menigitis until proven otherwise

45
Q

What are the two types of meningococcal vaccines?

A

Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4, Menactra) is the preferred vaccine for people 55 and younger.
Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4) is licensed for people older than 55.

46
Q

Dosing schedule for MCV4?

A

First dose at 11-12

Booster at 16

47
Q

3 most common clinical manifestations of HPV?

A
  1. anogenital warts
  2. cervical cancer precursors
  3. Cancer (cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar, penile,oropharyngeal)
48
Q

What are the three types of HPV vaccines?

A
  1. HPV9(Guardisil 9)- Strains 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58
  2. HPV4 (Guardisil)
  3. Bivalent HPV2 (ceravix)- only for females
49
Q

Routine vaccination schedule for HPV vaccine?

A
  1. 0 months
  2. 2 months
  3. 6 months
50
Q

Incubation period for Rotavirus?

A

48 hours

51
Q

Rotavirus complications?

5

A
  1. severe diarrhea
  2. Dehydration
  3. Electrolyte imbalance
  4. metabolic acidosis
  5. affects immunodeficient children more
52
Q

Two kinds of vaccines for rotavirus?

A

RV5 (RotaTeq)

RV1 (Rotatrix)

53
Q

How is rotavirus vaccines administered?

A

orally

54
Q

What is the dosing schedule for rotavirus?

A 
1st= 6 weeks
2nd= 4 months
3rd= 6 months (only for RotaTeq)

Max age for 1st dose is 14 weeks 6days
Max dose for any age is 8 months

55
Q

Precautions for Rotavirus?

3

A
  1. immunosuppresion
  2. Any kind of gastroenteritis
  3. History of intussusception
56
Q

Dosing schedule for IPV?

A

1st = 6-8 weeks
2nd= 4 months
3rd= 6-18 months
Booster at 4-6 years

57
Q

What vaccines are in Pedirix?

A

DTap, HepB, IPV

58
Q

What vaccnines are in TriHIBit?

A

DTap and Hib

59
Q

Vaccines at Birth?

A

Hep B

60
Q

Vaccines at 6 weeks?

3

A

PCV, Hib, Pediarix

61
Q

Vaccines at 4 months?

3

A

PCV, Hib, Pediarix

62
Q

Vaccines at 6 months?

3

A

PCV, Hib, Pediarix

63
Q

Vaccines at 9 months?

A

Nothing

64
Q

Vaccines at 12 months?

4

A

PCV, Hib, Proquad, Hep A

65
Q

Vaccines at 15-18 months?

1

A

DTaP

66
Q

Vaccines at 18-24 months?

1

A

Hep A

67
Q

Vaccines at 4-6 years?

3

A

DTaP, IPV, and Proquad

Immunology (8 decks)

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