Vaccine

Question 1

A child was given the MMR vaccine and was given a second dose of the vaccine as a booster later.

(i) It took more than a week for antibodies to appear in the child’s blood after the first vaccination. Explain why.

Answer 1

(Takes time for) antigen to be recognised;

(Takes time for) T cells to be activated;

Accept primary (immune) response

B-cell activation/clonal selection/expansion;

Plasma cells to make (specific) antibodies;
;

Question 2

The MMR vaccine contains attenuated microorganisms.
What is an attenuated microorganism?

Answer 2

Microorganism alive/active;
But does not cause symptoms of disease/Avirulent;

Accept does not make you ill/harm

Question 3

The concentration of antibodies increased immediately after the second vaccination.
Explain why.

Answer 3

Memory cells (present);

Accept secondary (immune) response

Respond immediately / can produce antibodies immediately;