co transport monosachharides

Question 1

Cells lining the ileum of mammals absorb the monosaccharide glucose by co-transport with sodium ions. Explain how.

Answer 1

Sodium ions actively transported from ileum cell to blood;

2. Maintains / forms diffusion gradient for sodium to enter cells from gut (and with it, glucose);
3. Glucose enters by facilitated diffusion with sodium ions;

Question 2

The epithelial cells that line the small intestine are adapted for the absorption of glucose. Explain how.

Answer 2

Microvilli provide a large / increased surface area;

2. Many mitochondria produce ATP / release or provide energy (for active transport);
3. Carrier proteins for active transport;
4. Channel / carrier proteins for facilitated diffusion;
5. Co-transport of sodium (ions) and glucose or symport / carrier protein for sodium (ions) and glucose;
6. Membrane-bound enzymes digest disaccharides / produce glucose;