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Equine Health Management > Vaccinations > Flashcards

Vaccinations Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

Administration of an inactivated portion of a disease causing agent into the horse in order to increase its immune defenses against that disease

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2
Q

What are some influences on vaccines?

A 
Geographical location
Climate
Exposure
Local outbreaks
Endemic diseases
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3
Q

____ diseases rely on horse to horse contact

A

Endemic

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4
Q

What are two modes of vaccine administration?

A

Intranasal (IN)

Intramuscular (IM)

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5
Q

Adjuvants or vaccine suspension cause what?

A

A reaction

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6
Q

____ diseases are transmissible to humans

A

Zoonotic

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7
Q

What are the two types of vaccines?

A

Modified live vaccine

Killed

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8
Q

What is a modified live vaccine?

A

A bacteria or virus that has lost their disease causing ability or are administered by a route that prevents them from causing clinical disease

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9
Q

What is a killed vaccine?

A

A bacteria or virus that has been attenuated through a process resulting in their death

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10
Q

What causes Botulism?

A

A neurotoxin produced by anaerobic bacteria

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11
Q

What is the name for Botulism

A

Clostridium Botulinum

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12
Q

What does Botulism affect?

A

Neurotoxins permanently bind to nerve endings which inhibit nerve impulses and muscle contractions

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13
Q

What routes can Botulism be contracted?

A
  1. Ingestion of decaying organic material (plant or animal) that contains the bacteria
  2. invasion of wounds or umbilical stalks by the bacteria
  3. ingestion of neurotoxin with contaminated water or feed
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14
Q

Botulism symptoms depend on what?

A

The amount of toxin ingested

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15
Q

What is an arbovirus?

A

A virus that is transmitted by a vector

something has to carry it - mosquito

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16
Q

Encephalitis is ____.

A

Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

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17
Q

What diseases fit under “Encephalitis”

A

Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE)
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE)
West Nile Virus (WVN)

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18
Q

If you give nothing else, give ___

A

Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE)
Tetanus

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19
Q

Recumbency causes ___

A

the inability to get up

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20
Q

Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis is also called

A

Potomac horse fever

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21
Q

Potomac horse fever is caused by bacteria ____ carried by a parasite of ____

A

Neoriketssia risticii

Fresh water snails

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22
Q

A transient fever does what?

A

Changes - goes up and down

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23
Q

EPM stands for…

A

Equine Protozoal Myeloenephalitis

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24
Q

EPM is also called…

A

The sleeping sickness

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25
Q

What is EPM?

A

A neurologic disease caused by Sarcosistis nerona, affecting the central nervous system
The parasite migrates through the brain and spinal cord

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26
Q

How is Equine Protozoal Myeloenephalitis contracted?

A

By ingesting feed contaminated with raccoon,opossum or cat feces

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27
Q

What diseases show symptoms dependent on how much is ingested?

A

Equine Protozoal Myeloenephalitis

Botulism

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28
Q

EVA stands for…

A

Equine Viral Arteritis

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29
Q

What is EVA?

A

A viral infection that causes concurrent respiratory disease and vasculitis

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30
Q

Vasculitis does what?

A

Makes things inflammed

31
Q

How is EVA transmitted?

A

Directly - venereal contact with stallion or infected semen

Indirectly - Exposure to fetal membranes

32
Q

What are titer levels tested for?

A

Titer level tests antibodies and can be done or everything

33
Q

What is influenza?

A

A nonfatal viral infection that causes a respiratory disease

Looks like a cold

34
Q

Influenza is spread…

A

by shed nasal secretions direct and indirect between horses

35
Q

What is Rabies?

A

A fatal viral infection that causes encephalitis

36
Q

Is there treatment for Rabies?

A

No

37
Q

What are some fatal diseases?

A

Rabies

38
Q

What tissue is tested for rabies?

A

Brain

39
Q

What disease can be mistaken for choke?

A

Rabies

40
Q

What disease is caused by EHV - 1 or 4?

A

Rhinopneumonitis

41
Q

EHV-1 causes ____

A

Late term abortions

42
Q

EHV-4 causes____

A

either flu like symptoms or a paralytic neurologic disease called myeloencephalopathic herpes

43
Q

“Lays latent” means

A

it is “quiet” unless stressed then can shed again

44
Q

What is strangles?

A

A highly infectious, sometimes fatal bacterial infection of the lymph nodes

45
Q

Streptococcus Zooepidemicous, S. Equi is

A

Strangles

46
Q

Strangles is similar to ___ in children

A

Chicken pox

47
Q

“Lockjaw” is

A

Tetanus

48
Q

What causes tetanus?

A

A neurotoxin that permanently binds to specific sites on the horses nerves which inhibits nerve impulses

49
Q

What is piroplasmosis

A

A parasitic blood disease transmitted by ticks

50
Q

What does piroplasmosis do?

A

Attacks and destroys the red blood cells

51
Q

What diseases do not have a vaccine?

A

Piroplasmosis
Equine Infectious Anemia
Pigeon fever

52
Q

What is pigeon fever? What causes it?

A

Dryland distemper caused by gram positive bacteria

53
Q

What does pigeon fever cause?

A

Ulcerative lymphangitis, an infection of the lower leg

54
Q

What is West Nile Virus?

A

A mosquito borne viral disease; encephalomyelitis characterized by central and peripheral nervous system dysfunction
fatal neurological outbreaks are documented in equids, humans, geese, wild birds, squirrels, farmed alligators, and dogs

55
Q

What is ataxia?

A

Lack of muscle control or coordination of voluntary movements such as walking

56
Q

What is equine infectious anemia

A

Viral disease, infectious and incurable

horseflies and deerflies bite animals and can carry blood in their mouth and affect others

57
Q

What are the three phases of EIA

A

Acute
Chronic
Inapparent

58
Q

What disease is the coggins test for?

A

Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)

59
Q

List some core vaccines

A

Tetanus
Eastern/Western Equine Encephalitis
West Nile Virus
Rabies

60
Q

List some risk-based vaccines

A 
Anthrax
Botulism
Equine Herpes Virus
Equine Viral Arteritis
Influenza
Leptospirosis
Potomac Horse Fever
Rotavirus
Snakebite
Strangles
61
Q

What is a core vaccine? What does a core vaccine do?

A

Protect against diseases that tare endemic to a region, are virulent/highly contagious, pose a risk of severe disease, have potential public health significance, and/or are required by law

62
Q

When is a risk vaccine used?

A

they are selected for use based on a risk assessment performed by, or in consultation with, a licensed veterinarian

63
Q

What disease is a good example of an adjuvant?

A

Equine viral arteritis

64
Q

EEE, WEE, VEE, and WNV are all _____ that cause encephalitis

A

arboviruses

65
Q

List and describe the two forms of Rabies

A
  1. Furious - uncontrollably aggressive, hypersensitive to external stimuli
  2. Dumb - weak, tired, glazed and staring eyes, lack of movement/awareness, horses cannot raise their head and swallow, results in excessive salivation
66
Q

Infection moves from the upper airway into the internal organs in _____ strangles

A

Bastard

67
Q

What is the name for tetanus?

A

Clostridium Tetani

68
Q

Bacteria for tetanus lives in _____ and ____

A

soil and manure

69
Q

What does VS stand for?

A

Vesicular Stomatitis

70
Q

What is vesicular stomatitis?

A

Viral disease primarily affects horses, cattle, swine; rarely swine, goats, llamas and alpacas, humans can be infected but it is rare

71
Q

What does vesicular stomatitis cause?

A

Ulceration of oral and nasal mucosa

72
Q

How is VS transmitted?

A

Transmitted through direct contact or blood-feeding insects (Black-fly and Sandfly) or contact with infected tissues, fluid from lesions, saliva

73
Q

What are some symptoms of vesicular stomatitis?

A
  1. Ptyalism (ti’ ah-lizm) excessive salivation, usually first sign
  2. Fever
  3. Ulcers and erosions of oral mucosa
  4. Sloughing of epithelium of the tongue
  5. Lesions at junction of lips
  6. Ulcers and erosions on teats in cattle or on the coronet band of horses are not uncommon
  7. Loss of appetite or lameness due to lesions are usually short duration

Equine Health Management (4 decks)

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