Vaccinations

Question 1

What is immunisation?

Answer 1

Process of rendering a person immune/ resistant to an infectious disease

Natural/ artificially acquired

Question 2

What is vaccination?

Answer 2

Stimulating protective adaptive immunity against a microbe via exposure to nonpathogenic forms (vaccines)

Question 3

What is a vaccine?

Answer 3

Live attenutuated/ killed organisms or microbial components given for the prevention of infectious disease.

Question 4

How can active immunity be gained?

Answer 4

Naturally- due to exogenous/ endogenous exposure to pathogen

Artificially- via vaccination

Question 5

What type of protection does active immunity give us?

Answer 5

Long term

-causes immune response and generation of memory against pathogen

Question 6

How can you get passive immunity?

Answer 6

Naturally- antibodies from placenta/ breast milk

Artificially- as a therpy eg, rabies/ tetnis

Question 7

What tyope of protection does passive immunity give you?

Answer 7

Short term

Question 8

What is the implications of active immunisation?

Answer 8

Reduces morbidity and mortality

Question 9

What are the impacts if active immunity isn’t carried out fully?

Answer 9

No of cases of that disease incraease as vaccine doses decrease

Buts babies and immunosurpressed more at risk

Question 10

What are some of the routine vccines given in the UK?

Answer 10

• Hep B
• PVC
• MenB
• Rotavirus
• MMR
• HPV
• MenACWY
• PPV (at 65)

Question 11

What are some absolute contradictions of immunisations?

Answer 11

• Anaphylaxis to previous dose

- Having a fever >38.5

Question 12

What are special considerations to giving a vacination?

Answer 12

• Infants to a mother who was immunosurpressed when pregenant (no live)
• Pregant woman (no live so don’t risk damaging featus)
• Allergy to eggs/ gelatin

Question 13

What are contradictions to active immunisation?

Answer 13

• Immunodifecinency affecting cellular immunity
• Having chemo/radio therapy
• Having recieved a bone marrow transplant
• Being on a righ dose of immunosurpressants

Question 14

What are the risks associated with vaccination?

Answer 14

Common; rashes, fever, headache, mucle pain

Very rare; fainting and anaphylaxis

Question 15

What are misconceptions around vaccines?

Answer 15

You can’t hve vaccines if;

• you are born premature
• you are currrently breast feeding
• you are currently taking antibiotics
• you have a history of epilepsy
• you are underweight/ past the age of routine vaccination
• you are pregnant
• you have an egg allergy and taking the MMR

In all of these situations you can still get vaccinated