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Infection Lecture Reviews > Immunocompromised Patients > Flashcards

Immunocompromised Patients Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by immunocompromised?

A

The immune system is unable to respond appropriately and effectivly to infetious microorganisms

Defect in 1 or more components of immune system

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2
Q

What are the main reasons to be immunocompromised?

A

Primary (intrinsic gene defects)

Secondary (aquired)

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3
Q

Whate are the primary (congenital) caused of immincompromisation?

A

Gene defect
Eg, missing protein
Missing cell
Non functioing components

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4
Q

What are the seconary (aquired) causes of being immunocompromised?

A

Underlying disease or treatment causing ;

  • decrased production/ function immune components
  • increased catabolism of immune components
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5
Q

What type of infections would cause you to suspect immunodeficiency?

A

SPURs

Severe (lifethreatening)
Persistant (not responding as should do)
Unusual (deep site of infection)
Recurrent

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6
Q

What are some early warning signs of PIDs?

A 
Multiple ear/ sinus infections 
Failure of ndevelopment/ weight loss
Reccurent need for IV abiotics 
Persistant thrush/ fungal infections 
Infections from normally harmless bacteria 
Family history of PID
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7
Q

What parts of the immune system can be effected by immunodeficiency disease?

A

Antibodies
T Cells (normally mean B cells affected too)
Phagocytes

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8
Q

What are the common abtibody deficiency diseases?

A

Common variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)
IgG (IgG2)
X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (Bruton’s disease)

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9
Q

What is CVID?

A

Most common that needs treatment

-low levels of antibodies

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10
Q

What is IgG deficiency?

A

Dont make enogh IgG protein

Most common but don’t need treatment

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11
Q

What is Bruton’s disease?

A

Absence of enxyme needed to produce B cells

No B cells produced= fewer antibodies

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12
Q

What are common deficiencies affecting T cells?

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Di George syndrome

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13
Q

What is SCID?

A

Missing a recptor that prevent T cells from developing and maturing

Due to lack of T cells B cells cannot be produced (need cd4 activation)

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14
Q

What is Di George syndrome?

A

Partial/ full loss thymus
Meaning T cells can’t fully mature

Present with cardiac abnormalities

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15
Q

What are common imummodeficiency diseases caused by phacocytic defects?

A

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)

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16
Q

What is CGD?

A

Lack of enzyme needed for respiratory burst

Can’t kill microorganism only phagocyse it

17
Q

How does age of onset of PID link to type?

A

Less than 6 months old - Tcell or Phagocyte

6months to 5 years - Bcell/antibody or Phagocyte

Over 5 years old- Bcell/antibody/ complement or secondary immunodeficiency

18
Q

What does the type of microorganism suggest about the type of PID?

A

Phagocyte defects= Bacteria & fungi
Antibody deficiency= Bacteria
T cell deficiency=Bacteria, viral & fungi

19
Q

Sites of infection for Phagocytic PID?

A

Skin/ mucosal membranes
Deep seated
Invasive fungal

20
Q

Sites of infection for Antibody deficiency diseases?

A 
Respiatory 
Joints 
GI
Cancers 
Autoimmue
21
Q

Sites of infection for T cell deficient PID?

A

Deep skin tissue
Opportunistic
Failure to thrive
Death if not treated

22
Q

What is the main treatment for PIDs?

A

Immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT)

Blood from many helathy induviduals taken and IgG isolated, then given to patient

Will protect patient against any vaccines/ micobes the donars have come across

23
Q

What are common caused of secondary immune deficiencies?

A

Deceased production of immune compponents

Incrrased loss of immune compenents

24
Q

What causes decreased production of immune components?

A 
Malnutrition 
Infection (HIV)
Liver diseases 
Haematologial malignancies 
Treatments 
Splenectomy
25
Q

Why are the elderly more likely to be malnourished?

A

Mental health (forgetting to eat)
Immobility
Social factors

26
Q

What causes increased loss of immune components?

A

Protein losing conditions (reduced Albumin shows this)

Burns

27
Q

What is Aspergillus?

A

Type of mould (fungus) that most of us breath in spores for on a day to day basis

28
Q

Why does Aspergillous cause infection in the immunosurpressed?

A

Due to weakend immune system, reduced no cells to fight infection

Develop lung diseases

29
Q

What does Varicella Zoster cause?

A

Chickenpox

Shingles in adults

30
Q

How does Varicella-zooster manifect in the imunocomptetant?

A

Mild
Itchy rash
Malaise
Slight fever

31
Q

How does Varicella-zoster infection present in immunocompromised pateints?

A

Can develop visceral dissemination (infection of internal organs)
Leading to; pneumonia, hepatitis, DIC

Atypical rash with more lesions
Lesions continue developing after 7 days
Overall illness lasts longer

Infection Lecture Reviews (12 decks)

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