Travel Related Infections Flashcards
What is the importance of getting travel history?
- Different locations have different infections
- Different infections at different times of year
- Different infections have different incubation periods
- To regognise rare diseases
- As they may have aquired different strains of a pathogen (more resistant)
- Aid in early infection prevention
What key factors aid in differentail diagnosis?
Region of travel
The incubation period of the disease (compared to syptom development)
Clinical presentation (signs/ symptoms and how it was aquired)
Where do you get enteric fever and what causes it?
Mainly Asia
Faecal-oral (poor sanitation)
Caused by- Salmonella typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi
-can survive gastric acid and has low virulance dose
What are the investigations for Enteric fever?
Blood culture
Moderate anaemia
Raised LFTs
What are the symptoms of enteric fever?
Systemic disease;
Fever, headache, dry cough, bradycardia (may not get GI symptoms)
What is the treatment and prevention of enteric fever?
Treatment; IV ceftriaxone
Prevention; food and water hygine, Typhoid vacine
Where do you get Degue fever and what causes it/
Tropical and sub tropical regions
Most common arboviris (spread by arthopods)
How do you diagnose dengue virus?
No specific features
Positive Dengue PCR
Positive Dengue IgM serology
What are the sympotoms are Dengue virus?
Sereve myalgia and headache
How do you treat Dengue virus?
Normally only supportive- only lasts few days
Re-infection with different serotype causes antibody dependant enhancement- haemorrhagic fever and shock s
-now a vaccine for children
What is the life cycle of maleria?
Liver phase
Blood phase (what causes symptoms)
Forms Gametes that can be transmitted to mosquito
In Mosquito goes from gut to silivary glands
What are the main presentations of Malaria?
Vague and general symptoms of fever and systemic infection eg, myalgia, headache, dry cough, nausea, jaundice
What are the main causative species of malaria?
Flaciparum (severe)
Vivax
What are the investigations in Maria diagnosis?
Blood films- will show parasites in rbc FBC (aneamia) LFTs (Increased Bilirubin) Head CT if neurological symptoms Chest xray (check if fluid on lungs)
What is the treatment of Malaria?
Flaciparum- give Artesunate
Other species- give Chloroquine
