Vaccination And Medicine Flashcards
principle of vaccination
Imm to specific diseases by exposure to ag material treated as real
Is activates prod ab and memory cells ltm immunity
Similar org, attenuated version, dead pathogen, prep of ag, toxoid
role in prevention of epidemics
herd immunity= most comm vaccinated> unlikely to pass or catch> disease rare= prev mass outbreaks of disease
Ring vaccination= new disease
routine vaccination
mmr= attenuated measles, mumps and rubella
meningitis= protects against bacteria
vaccination= adm of g whereas immunisation is dvt of imm
vaccination causes imm
why do vaccines need to be redeveloped?
ag on virus change reg> new strains of virus
lab collect samples> develop vaccine> most effective and suitable is given
immunologicaly distinct strains
memory cells from v w 1 strain wont recognise other strains with diff ag
eg every yr diff strains in pop> new vaccination
possible sources of med
Due to new disease or ab less effective
pencilin=fungus, cancer drugs= soil bacteria, daffodils= treat alzhemiers
Opium= anaesthetic, willow bark= relive pain and fever
protected by maintaining biodiversity
why is protecting biodiv imp for dvt of med?
species could die before we study
future of med
personalised med= tailored to dna
eg doc predict which worsk best= prescribe most effective
synthetic bio= design artf protein, cells, micro
eg bacteria destroy cancer cell whilst leaving healthy cells intact
abio
chem that kill or inhibit growth of bacteria
treat bacterial infection
abio benefit
targets bacterial cells without damaging body cells
widespread as death rate has fallen
abio risks
side effects, severe allergic reaction, ab resistance
abio resistance
gen mutation> bacteria naturally resistant to antibio
survive>rep>allele passed >spreads>common>
why is abio resistance an issue?
superbugs resistant to most known abio= common
less able to treat potentially life threatning bacterial infections
examples of abr
mrsa= serious wound inf
clostridium difficile= harmless bac are killed by ab so cd flourishes
prod toxin= fever, cramps, diarrhoea
reduce abr
reduce prescrption for minor or prev of infection
except weak immunity, or elderly w HIV
take full doage= infection clears+ bacteria killed
OBS wildlife
Monkeys rub citrus oils as insecticide and antiseptics prev bites and inf
Best medicinal leaves to protect from blood sucking mites
Research in disease causing mechanisms
Binding between receptor and pathogen blocked can’t gain access cell
Glycoprotein isolated and seq determine shape of receptor
Drug mimics shape of receptor bind virus, block v entering t helper
