Antibodies and types of immunity Flashcards
variable region
forms antigen binding site
comp to particular antigen
differs across ab
hinge region
flexibility when ab binds to ag so mol grip more than 1 ag
constant region
bind to recptors on immune cells eg phago
same in all antib
disulfide bridges
hold polyp chains of protein together
agglutinins
ab binds 2 pathogen at the same time by crosslinking
Many ab clump
+ Ag can’t enter hcell and agglutinated p readily engulfed
opsonization
ab bind to ag of pathogens and act as binding sites for phago cells = blocks receptors needed to bind host patho cant infect or attach hcells
neutralization
ab binds to toxins of diff shape> prev affect human
toxins neutralised+ tac phagocytosed
active immunity
IS makes own ab stimulated by ag
natural= immune after disease= wont get it again
artificial= vaccination, harmless dose of ag
passive immunity
given ab by diff org
natural= baby immune due to ab from placenta/breast milk
artificial= injected with ab from some 1 eg blood donation toxins
difference in immunity
active requires:
exposure, long time, memory cells, LTM protection
autoimmune
abnorm immune response
IS isnt able to recognise self ag> treats as foreign
launches immune response against own tissues
autoimmune disease
lupus= attacks cells in connective tissues= dmg
>painful inflammation + affects skin joints heart lungs
rheumatoid arthritis= attacks cells in joints= pain and inflammation
Antibodies
Immunoglobulins released in response to infection and complementary shape to specific antigens
Primary immune response
Infecting agent detected=is produces ab
Few days before ab in blood rises that can combat infection
Pathogens dealt= ab blood drops rapidly
Secondary immune response
B and t memory circulates in blood due to specific IR
recognise ag=is swings in action quickly=ab prod soon and rapid
Conc of ab rises soon and High to prev symptoms by host
