Pathogen And Transmission

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

Micro cause disease
Host= good habitat, nutrients
Release cellulase to enter host cw

Question 2

Bacteria

Answer 2

Prokaryote, right cond rep every 20 minutes
Animals= damage cells, toxins cause symptoms
Plants= vascular tissue blackening and death
Tb, meningitis,ring rot

Question 3

Fungi

Answer 3

Animals= hyphae grow under skin surface, specialized grow to surface
Spores= redness
Plants= vascular tissue> supply of nutrients and water
Hyphae release ex enz to digest surrounding tissue= decay
Eg black sigatoka , ring worm, athletes foot

Question 4

Virus

Answer 4

Invade takes over gen materials and organelles= cell mfds copies
Hist bursts=new virus= infect healthy cells
Reverse transcriptase= converts RNA to DNA and gen material in capsid
Eg hiv, influenza, tmv

Question 5

Protoctista

Answer 5

Enters host cells and feeds content
Eg blight, malaria

Question 6

Pathogen life cycle

Answer 6

Transmission, enter host tissues, reproduce, leave host tissues

Question 7

A direct transmission

Answer 7

Passing pathogen from host to host with no intermediary

Question 8

Physical contact

Answer 8

Touch infected person or contaminated surfaces
Hygiene= wash hands regularly, clean surfaces, disinfect cuts, sterilise, condoms

Question 9

Faecal oral transmission

Answer 9

Consuming contaminated food or water eg cholera
Fertilise crops, treat water, wash food, carefully cook

Question 10

Droplet infection

Answer 10

Carry droplets by sneeze or cough eg tb
Catch bin kill

Question 11

Spores

Answer 11

Carried by air or reside on surface
Use mask. Wash skin after contact w soil

Question 12

Indirect transmission

Answer 12

Via air, water, food or vector
Vector= used by pathogen to gain entry eg
Gametes of plasmodium> mosquito sucks blood> p develop migrates to salivary glands>uninfected bitten>p liver and blood= malaria

Question 13

Factors that affect disease transmission

Answer 13

Overcrowded = Inc transm eg tb due to poor ventilation
Climate= as tropical bread, wet summer spores
Social=limited access to good healthcare= poor health
Linked education= poor diet and homelessness

Question 14

Plant direct transmission

Answer 14

P enter roots if damaged by storm, replant, burrowing
Spores by airborne transm

Question 15

Impact of pathogen infection in plant

Answer 15

Infects vascular tissue so leaves are shed> pathogen back to soil>grow and infect another
Enter fruit seed so offspring are infected

Question 16

Plant Indirect transmission

Answer 16

insect attacks infected plant>spores or bacteria attach> insect attacks another plant= pathogen transm so insect= vector