Primary Defense

Question 1

skin

Answer 1

Keratinization takes 30 days and eff barrier
physical= block pathogens from entering
chemical= prod antimicrobial chem that lower ph and inhibit growth of pathogens

Question 2

mucous memb

Answer 2

protect exposed body openings
secretes musucs > traps pathogens=antimicrobial enzymes
Waft mucus trachea> swallowed>killed by acid> denatures p enz

Question 3

blood clot

Answer 3

Prev excess blood loss, infection, clots in bv
Ca ions and 12 clotting factors + actv cascade>clot dry and scab>shrink dry and draws sides>temp seal
Fib collagen under scab >cells ➗>migrate edges diff>bv grow supply o2>tissues contract>scab released

Question 4

inflammation

Answer 4

swelling pain heat redness
Histamine vasodilation
Cap wall permeable to WBC and proteins+ plasma WBC enter fluid
Inc tissue fluid= swelling, excess tissue fluid drained lymphatic system
Contact w lymphocytes =specific immune response

Question 5

wound repair

Answer 5

skin repairs itself to reform a barrier against path entry
outer layer divides and migrates to edges
tissue below contracts to bring edges of wound closer by collagen fibres

Question 6

expulsive reflexes

Answer 6

sneeze= mucous memb nostrils irritated by dust or dirt
cough= irritation in respiratory tract
both occur auto to expell foreign objects

Question 7

Others

Answer 7

Eyes= antib and enz in tear fluid
Ear canal = wax traps pathogen
Female rep system= mucus plug cervix, acidic conditions