Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immuno Final > Vaccination > Flashcards

Vaccination Flashcards

1
Q

The goal of vaccination is attending to stimulate the adaptive immune system to creat what?

A

memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

For memory killer T cells, Infected cell must present the antigen on what?

A

MCH I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

For memory helper T cells APC must present antigen on what?

A

MCH II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What cells can be produced efficiently even when no immune system cells have been infected by the attacker?

A

Memory B and Memory Helpter T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most vaccines are believed to confer protection through what?

A

Neutralizing antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Both antibody and T cell responses seem to depend on what?

A

The innate immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Does disease always lead to immunity?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of vaccine is a weakened version of the pathogen that mimic the kind of protective immunity induced in people who survive live infection?

A

Like attenuated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some examples of like attenuated vaccines?

A

Smallpox, yellow fever, measles, mumps, chicken pox.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the other different kinds of vaccines besides live attenuated vaccines?

A

Subunit, toxioid, CHO, and conjugate vaccines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an example of a subunit vaccine?

A

Vaccine against recombinant hepatitis B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an example of toxoid vaccines?

A

Inactivated toxins against diphtheria tetanus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an example of a CHO vaccine ?

A

Vaccine against pneumococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an example of a conjugate vaccine?

A

Vaccine against haemophilus infulezae type B or meningococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can regulate the persistence of the germinal center memory B cell differentiation pathway?

A

TLR triggering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What enhances the survival rage of plasma cells in the bone marrow?

A

Basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What my provide instructive cues for migration of actiavated T and B cells to mucosal tissues?

A

Innate programming of DCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What may regulate the differentiation of antigen specific T and B cells at mucosal sites?

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Non infectious vaccines will cause the body to make what?

A

Memory B and helper T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Non infectious vaccines do not cause the production of what kind of cell?

A

Memory killer T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Non infectious vaccines are designed not to do what to the host?

A

NOT kill host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are some examples of killed examples?

A

Common flu, typhoid, pertussis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is an example of a chemical used to kill microbes in non infectious vaccines?

A

Formaldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is used as a bacterial toxin in non infectious vaccines?

A

Aluminum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are to examples of bacterial toxins diseases ?

A

Diphtheria and tetanus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What diseases are examples of non infectious vaccines that get rid of the harmful portions of the pathogen that causes that dangerous effects?

A

Acellular pertussis vaccine, hep B, or HPV vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What cells are the result of live attenuated vaccines?

A

Memory B cells, memory helper T cells, MEMORY KILLER T CELLS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Name an example of a live attenuated vaccine?

A

Sabin polio vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Carrier vaccines present microbe protein fragments on what?

A

MCH I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What help stimulate the immune system increasing its response to the vaccine? It should enhance the magnitude and modulate the quality of the immune response.

A

Adjuvant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Adjuvants cause mild inflammation which attracts________, and accelerates what two things?

A

Phagocytosis, accelerates phagocyte activation and antigen presentation to T cels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What adjuvants are Th2 antibodys > ?

A

Alum, MF59

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the classical cytokines that are made in response to Th1 helper T cells?

A

TNF, INF-y, IL-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Th1 helper T cells are in response to what kind of attack?

A

Viral or bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Th2 helper T cells are in response to what type of attack?

A

Parasitic or food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the response to Th2 helper t cells?

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What causes B cells to make IgA?

A

IL-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What causes the simulation off mucus in the intestine?

A

IL-13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What recharges natural killer cells?

A

IL-2

40
Q

What keeps the macrophages active?

A

IFN-Y

41
Q

What tells b cells to make IgG3?

A

INF-y

42
Q

What is Thimerosal?

A

Mercury containing preservative used in some vaccines

43
Q

What is the only thing that thimerosol is still used in?

A

Some influenza vaccines

44
Q

Alum generally indicates what kind of response?

A

TH2

45
Q

Alum exerts a direct effect on what?

A

IL-4 producing Gr-1 expression

46
Q

Aluminum adjuvants induce what?

A

Chemokines, macrophages, noncytes, granulocytes

47
Q

What is the main stimulus for MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION?

A

IL-1Beta

48
Q

What is a squalene based oil in water emulsion ?

A

MF59

49
Q

Aluminum causes what to things?

A

Inflammation and anemia

50
Q

What is the most abundant metal on earth?

A

Aluminum

51
Q

In healthy subjects only _______% of orally administered aluminum is abused via the GI tract

A

0.3

52
Q

What is the major route of eliminating aluminum from the body ?

A

Kidney

53
Q

Iv given intravenously, aluminum is retained in_____% in adults, and _______% in neonate?

A

40 in adults, 75 in neonates

54
Q

What are the 3 antacids that contain aluminum?

A

Equate, Maalox, mylanta

55
Q

Does food in the stomach or water quality affect oral ALuminum bioavailability ?

A

No

56
Q

High amounts of aluminum exposure are associated with what?

A

Autism (ASD)

57
Q

Is haemophilus influenzae type b disease common or not?

A

Not common

58
Q

Is Pneumococcal disease (Pc Vaccine) common?

A

Yes, its non infectious, most current vaccine is Prevnar 13

59
Q

Is the meningococcal vaccine common?

A

NO, non infectious

60
Q

Is Diphtheria (DTaP vaccine) common?

A

No, non infectious

61
Q

Is Tetanus common? (DTaP vaccine)

A

Not common and non infectious

62
Q

Is Pertussis (DTaP) common?

A

Yes, non infectious

63
Q

Is hepatitis B common?

A

No, non infectious

64
Q

Is rotavirus common?

A

yes, and it is an infectious live vaccine

65
Q

Is polio common?

A

No, no causes in us since 1985, non infectious

66
Q

Is measles common?

A

No, infectious alive vaccine but weakened.

67
Q

Is mumps common?

A

No, infect us alive, but weak vaccine.

68
Q

What vaccine if a pregnant female gets it, it can cause birth defects?

A

Rubella

69
Q

Is rubella common?

A

No, infectious alive, but weak

70
Q

Is varicella common?

A

Yes, infectious, live weaker virus

71
Q

Is hep A common?

A

No, non infectious

72
Q

Is HPV common?

A

Yes, non infectious.

73
Q

Is influzena common?

A

Yes, 4 main types, millions cases a year

74
Q

What are the 4 types of influenza vaccines ?

A

Whole virus, subunit inactivated, split inactivated, live attenuated

75
Q

What influenza vaccines have mercury?

A

Fluzone, fluLaval, Fluvirin, and Afluria

76
Q

What are the influenza A serotypes?

A

16 H, 9 N

77
Q

What is a independent nonprofit organization?

A

Cochran collaboration

78
Q

What is the Cochrane review ?

A

Extensive evidence of reporting bias of safety outcomes from trails of life attenuated influenza vaccines impeded meaningful analysis

79
Q

According to the Cochran review influenza vaccines were associated with serious harms such as?

A

Narcolepsy and febrile convulsions

80
Q

What is a side of effect of flu vaccine?

A

Febrile seizures

81
Q

At times do placebos include the adjuvant and other parts of the vaccine?

A

Yes

82
Q

What are cells of the nervous system that do not conduct nervous impulses?

A

Glial cells

83
Q

What are macrophages of the brain?

A

Microglia

84
Q

Can microglia be activated in response to stimuli ?

A

Yes

85
Q

What is the most abundant cell of the human brain?

A

Astrocytes

86
Q

What are some functions of astrocytes?

A

Structural, nutrition to other cells, give off regulatory molecules, help control brain blood flow, aid oligodendrocytes in myelination, nervous system repair and long term potentiation

87
Q

Microglia and astrocytes are sites of preferential _______Accumulation ?

A

Aluminum

88
Q

Microglia and astrocytes are principal sources of ______and impure cytokines in the brain?

A

Glutamate

89
Q

What limits excitotoxic damage by clearing access glutamate?

A

Astrocytes

90
Q

What two things are associated with immunocitotoxicity?

A

Inflammatory cytokines, excitatory molecules (glutamate)

91
Q

What two events are regulated by microglia ?

A

Pro inflammatory cytokine release, release of excitatory amino acids, particularly glutamate

92
Q

What are vicious killers when hyperactivated?

A

Macrophages

93
Q

What is it called when you lower the number of susceptible members of a population, vaccination decreases the natural reservoir of infected individuals in that population and so reduces the probability of transmission of infection

A

Heard immunity

94
Q

When the pool of unvaccinated individuals grows above threshold where infectious organism still persists, what happens to herd immunity?

A

Its effectiveness is reduced

95
Q

In herd immunity does vaccination equal immunity ?

A

No

96
Q

What kind of outbreaks have occurred in highly vaccinated population ?

A

Measles

Immuno Final (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions