Vaccination Flashcards
Which 2 ways can pathogens cause disease in the body?
-Damage of cells tissues
-Production of toxins
What does a vaccination contain?
Antigen or dead weakened form of pathogen which stimulates production of antibodies.
What is the process of vaccination?
-Vaccine is injected
-Memory cells are produced
-On reinfection, cells recognise pathogens
-Rapidly produce antibodies
-Antibodies destroy pathogens
-Herd immunity occurs
What is Herd Immunity?
Where unvaccinated people are protected because the occurrence of the disease is reduced by the number of people vaccinated.
What happens when no one is immunised?
Contagious disease spreads through population
What happens when some of the population is immunised?
Contagious disease spreads through some of the population
What happens when most of the population is immunised?
Spread of contagious disease is contained.
What is Agentic Variability?
-The antigens of some pathogens are constantly changing.
-Each antigen causes its own immune response
Who is likely to be offered the flu jab every year?
High risk individuals
Who are high risk individuals?
-65 or older
-pregnant women
-babies
-children and adults with weakened immune system
-people with chronic disease
-health workers
-people who work with animals
Although vaccination costs a lot, why is it worthwhile?
-direct effects on health
-reduces number of deaths
-reduces days lost at work (economy)
-costs more to treat ill person than to vaccinate
What should be considered when making a vaccine?
-age
-sex
-ethnicity
-all health/ not on other medication
-not previously vaccinated/ infected
What is HPV?
Human Papilloma virus which can lead to cervical cancer
Why is the HPV vaccine given to year 8 girls?
AS virus is sexually transmitted and girls are not usually sexually active at this age.
What is a Vaccine?
Introduces a weakened or dead form of pathogen or a piece of the pathogen to a person in order to trigger the production of antibodies.
