Types of Immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 categories of Immunity?

A

-Passive
-Active
-Natural
-Artificial

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2
Q

What is active, natural immunity?

A

Normal immune response to the presence of a pathogen.

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3
Q

Why is the normal immune response to the presence of a pathogen natural?

A

As it’s carried out from birth with little control over it.

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4
Q

Why is the normal immune response to the presence of a pathogen active?

A

As the body itself brings about a response to the pathogen producing antibodies.

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5
Q

What is active, artificial immunity?

A

-Vaccination
-Body is stimulated to produce antibodies by an immune response by injecting ‘safe’ antigens into the the bloodstream.

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6
Q

Why is this artificial?

A

As antigens are not normally part of a living pathogen.
-Immune system can recognise the antigen with the pathogen cell body.

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7
Q

What is passive, natural immunity?

A

-Newborn babies don’t have a fully developed immune system so have to get immunity from their mothers.
-In uterus, foetus receives antibodies from mother in milk especially in 1st sample produced as is higher in antibodies.

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8
Q

Why is this passive?

A

As baby doesn’t produce them itself

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9
Q

What is passive, artificial immunity?

A

-Involves taking antibodies produced by another organism and injecting them in the bloodstream of another.
-Gives short term lasting immunity to organism but can prove life saving.

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10
Q

What is an example of this?

A

Tetanus

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11
Q

Explain how Tetanus works and its immunity.

A

People suspected to have this are given injections of antibodies from horses.
-Tetanus is found in contaminated soil and animal faeces causing muscle spasm making you unable to swallow or breathe

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12
Q

What can the immune system sometime do?

A

Stop recognising ‘self’ cells and starts to attack healthy body tissues.

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13
Q

What is this referred to as?

A

As and autoimmune disease although it is not fully understanded why this happens.

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14
Q

How many different type of autoimmune conditions are there?

A

Around 80

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15
Q

What do some autoimmune conditions cause?

A

Chronic inflammation or complete breakdown and destruction of healthy tissues

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16
Q

What are often used to ‘treat’ them and how do they work?

A

Immunosuppressant drugs to prevent the immune system from working.

17
Q

What is a downside to immunosuppressant drugs?

A

They deprive the body of it natural defences against communicable diseases.

18
Q

What are 3 examples of Autoimmune Diseases?

A

-Type 1 Diabetes
-Rheumatoid Arthritis
-Lupus

19
Q

What does Type 1 Diabetes affect?

A

The insulin secreting cells of the pancreas

20
Q

How is Type 1 Diabetes treated?

A

BY pancreas transplants, insulin injections and immunosuppressant drugs

21
Q

What does Rheumatoid Arthritis affect?

A

Joints-especially hands, wrists, ankles and feet

22
Q

How is Rheumatoid Arthritis treated?

A

No cure but managed by steroids, pain relief, immunosuppressants and anti-inflammatory drugs.

23
Q

What does Lupus affect?

A

Skin, joints and causes fatigue-attacks any organ including kidneys, liver, lungs or brain.

24
Q

How is Lupus treated?

A

No cure but managed by anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids and immunosuppressants.