'V' Speeds, Performance terms, & Weights Flashcards
What is V(MO) or M(MO)?
Maximum operating limit speed (knots or Mach number)
What is V(FE)?
Maximum flap extended speed limit
What is V(LO)? Explain? what if it is different for extension and retraction?
- Landing gear operating speed
- Speed to not be exceeded when lowering and extending the landing gear
- V(LOext) or V(LOret)
What is V(LE)?
- Landing gear extended speed
- Speed to not exceed when the landing gear is fully extended and locked
What is V(MCG)? How is it determined?
Minimum control speed (CAS) - Ground
- When primary control surfaces and normal piloting skill along can control the airplane.
- From the point where the engine is assumed to fail the lateral deviation from the centreline may not be any greater than 30ft
What configuration and factors must be assumed for detrmination og V(MCG)?
- In each take-off configuration, or the most critical take-off configuration
- Max available T/O power on available engines
- Most unfavourable CoG (Rearwards)
- Airplane trimmed for T/O
- Most unfavourable weight
What is V(MCA)? What are the parameters that must be met?
Minimum control speed (CAS) - Airborne
- Minimum speed where it is possible to maintain control of the airplane with the critical engine inoperative.
- Must be able to maintain straight flight with an AoB less than 5˚
What configuration and factors must be assumed for the determination of V(MCA)?
What are the limits to the recovery when determining V(MCA)?
What Vs speed must V(MCA) not be more than?
Must not be more than 1.2*Vs with;
- Max T/O power on remaining engines
- Most unfavourable CoG (rear)
- A/C is trimmed for T/O
- Max sea level weight
- A/C in most critical config except the leg gear is retracted
- A/C airborne but ground effect is negligible
-Must not require exceptional pilot alertness or skill to prevent a HDG change more than 20˚
What is V(MCL)? What are the configuration and factors that define it?
Minimum control speed during approach and landing
- Maintain control, straight flight and not more than 5˚ AoB
- Most critical config
- Most unfavourable CoG
- Trimmed for approach
- most unfavourable weight
- TOGA thrust on remaining engine(s)
What is V(MU)? What is it limited by?
Minimum unstick speed
- CAS at and above the a/c can safely lift off the ground and continue takeoff
- It is limited by the Max CL AoA or when the aircraft tail-strikes the runway
What is the difference between Vs and Vs(1g)?
Vs is conventional stall
Vs(1g) is at the point of max CL, and is when the load factor =1
What is MEW? What does it include?
Max empty weight
-only include integral parts, systems, furnishings and fluids in closed systems such as hydraulic`
What is OEW? Includes?
Operation empty weight
-manufacturer weight plus crew, crew bags, unstable fuel, oil, emergency empty weight, seats, equipment and galley structure
What is DOW?
Dry operating weight
-total weight of aircraft ready for a specific flight excluding all usable fuel, and pax/cargo load, catering
What is ZFW?
Zero fuel weight
-total weight of aircraft ready for flight including cargo and pax, but excluding usable fuel
What is LW?
Landing weight
-Weight of a/c at time of landing at destination
What is TOW?
Takeoff weight
What is Ramp weight?
Weight of the aircraft at the ramp, with everything on board, including taxi fuel
What is MTOW defined/limited by?
Structural limitation of the landing gear.
must be able to handle a landing impact with vertical speed of -360fpm
What is MLW defined/limited by?
Structural limitation of the landing gear
must be able to handle a landing impact with a vertical speed of -600fpm
What is MZFW defined/limited by?
The bending moments that are felt at the wing roots. bending moments is maximum when there is no fuel in the wings
What is max structural taxi weight defined/limited by?
The stresses on shock absorbers and potential bending of landing gear during ground turns
How long can TOGA thrust be applied to the engines?
Normal: 5 min
Engine failure: 10 minutes
Operationally in an emergency: as required (remembering you may exceed certification tests)
How does take-off thrust available change with temp and pressure altitude?
For a given TOGA thrust available does not change below a certain temperature (flat rating temp/ref temp)
Above this T(ref) TOGA thrust available will decrease
Increasing PA will decrease max TOGA power, and decrease T(ref)
Above T(ref), thrust is limited by the EGT
