V&O V Flashcards
permanecer (ortografia)
remain (formal)
- He remained silent.
- It remains a secret.
- The bank will remain open while renovations are carried out.
- The doctor ordered him to remain in bed for a few days.
chutar=chute (ortografia)
kick
- They must be kicking themselves for selling their shares too early. ( very annoyed with yourself)
possuir (ortografia) (2) (q não “have”)
>possess >own - I don't possess a single DVD - Ruth possessed great writing skills. - We own our house. - I've never owned a suit in my life.
receber (ortografia)
receive ( com “ei”, como “deceive” e DIFERENTEMENTE DE “believe”)
- They received a visit from the police.
erro, culpa (ortografia)
- It’s not my [] she didn’t come! (sem “that”!)
- She believes it was the doctor’s [] that Peter died.
fault
- It’s not my fault she didn’t come! (sem “that”!)
- She believes it was the doctor’s fault that Peter died.
dica = gorjeta (ortografia)
tip (tem vários outros significados tbm)
- She gave me a useful tip about/for growing tomatoes.
- He gave the porter a tip. (porteiro)
brilhante (extremely intelligent or skilled) (ortografia)
brilliant (2 Ls) (=francês!(masc)
superlativo de mighty
mightiest
- this family was among the mightiest in the kingdom. (superlativo Ñ é flexionado)
fronteira - b…. (ortografia)
boundary/boundaries (VC ERRA ISSO O TEMPO TODO)
- Electronic publishing is blurring the boundaries between dictionaries and encyclopedias. (blur, aqui, borrar)
- Residents are opposed to the prison being built within the city boundary.
aceitação (ortografia)
acceptance
- The idea rapidly gained acceptance (= became approved of) in political circles
- Her acceptance of the award was very controversial (com “i”).
deliberado
- a [] attack/insult/lie
- We made a [] decision to live apart for a while.
- Some women make a [] choice to rear a child alone. ( rear - criar uma criança)
- I don’t think his name was left off the list by accident - I think it was [].
deliberate (SEM “ed”! Adjective=Verb!)
(advérbio: deliberately!)
(Como “elaborate”)
(intended NÃO existe c esse sentido)
- a deliberate attack/insult/lie
- We made a deliberate decision to live apart for a while.
- Some women make a deliberate choice to rear a child alone. ( rear - criar uma criança)
- I don’t think his name was left off the list by accident - I think it was deliberate.
força, poder
might
- She struggled with all her might to get free.
- Pizarro defeated the might of the Inca Empire with only a few hundred men.
alegadamente (ortografia)
allegedly (2 Ls)
( eles tbm usam meio ~teoricamente~)
- That’s where he allegedly killed his wife.
- It’s a collection of recipes which allegedly can be prepared in 30 minutes.
- I’m allegedly learning French, but it’s going slowly.
ameaça (ortografia)
threat (não é bom usar menace)
- The threat of jail failed to deter him from petty crime. (petty - de pqn importância, trivial)
- Drunken drivers >pose< a serious threat to other road users.
- He says he’ll tell the authorities but it’s just an empty threat (= it will not happen).
- Nuclear weaPons pose a threat to everyone.
exagerar (ortografia)
exaggerate (2 Gs)
- The threat of attack has been greatly exaggerated.
- Don’t exaggerate - it wasn’t that expensive.
> comprometer-se com/a
cometer (algo ruim)
mandar p (prisão ou hosptial)
- The government must [] itself to(!) improving healthcare.
- Once we have [] to(!) this course of action there is no going back.
- Carefully check out arrangements before [] yourself.
- to [] adultery/murder
- [] suicide
- He’s been [] to prison for fraud.
commit (committed/ing (2 Ms e 2 Ts!)
> comprometer-se com/a -> com ~oneself~ depois
- The government must commit itself to(!) improvING healthcare.
- Once we have committed to(!) this course of action there is no going back. (sem reflexivo depois)
- He committed himself to helpING the poor.
- Carefully check out arrangements before committing yourself.
- to commit adultery/murder
- commit suicide
- He’s been committed to prison for fraud.
> to experience difficulty and make a very great effort in order to do something; tbm lutar > o noun relativo a isso ( [] [prep] verb) ( [] [prep] noun) ( [] [prep] someone)
struggle
(struggle to verb)
(struggle for noun)
(struggle with/against someone)
- [ + to infinitive ] The dog had been struggling to(!) get free of the wire noose.
(noose, aqui, é laço)
- I’ve been struggling to(!) understand this article all afternoon.
- Fish struggle for(!) survival when the water level drops in the lake. (fish - sing=plu)
- By this time he’d managed to struggle out of bed. ( com along, through, out, etc. é mover-se com gd esforço)
- He struggled with(!) his attacker who then ran away. (lutou) (run ran run)
- For years she struggled with/against the establishment to get her theories accepted. (aqui, C2)
- It was a terrible struggle for him to accept her death.
- She never gave up the struggle to have her son freed from prison.
tornar mais apertado (ortografia) t…
tighten
- Security was tightened at US embassies around the world.
- The government moved to tighten the rules on toxic substances in the air.
- The government plans to tighten credit and slow the growth of the money supply.
- You’ve got to tighten the laces of your ice skates.
“sul” e adjetivo
south (tbm é adj e adv)
- The points of the compass are north, south, east, and west.
- We drove south.
- They drove south towards the coast.
- The Mississippi river flows south.
- He travelled due (= directly) south, towards the desert.
(mas: a southerly direction)
sudeste
southeast
eles tbm funcionam como adjetivo e advérbio
- They were moving southeast. (advérbio)
por meio de
by means of
- She tried to explain by means of sign language.
> obs.: “mean” sem S é ~meio termo~ e é formal!: We need to find a mean between test questions that are too difficult and those that are too easy.
largo (2)
> broad
wide
- the magazine covers a broad range of subjects, from sewing to psychology.(y e ch!)
- My brother is very broad-shouldered.
- His eyes were wide with surprise.
- The rectangle is 5 cm long and 1.9 cm wide.
parlamento (ortografia)
parliament
> beligerante (1) - wishing to fight or argue OR fighting a war
> belicoso (1) - wishing to fight or start a war
> belligerent (com 2Ls e E!)
bellicose (2Ls)
- a belligerent person
- a belligerent gesture
- The belligerent countries are having difficulties funding the war. (countries fighting a war)
- The general made some bellicose statements about his country’s military strength. (wishing to fight or start a war)
(como “belly” (barriga))
sentar X assento
sit X seat
- Please have/take a seat (= sit down).
- I’m going to be sitting on the committee for one more year. (aqui, be a member)
- He came and sat (down) next to me.
- The child’s father sat her (down) on a chair.
- The encyclopedia sits on my shelf at home, gathering dust.
preocupação=preocupar-se (ortografia)
don’t [], be happy
worry
- She’s worried (that) she might not be able to find another job.
superlativo X comparativo de “bad”
O pior
worst - ~O~ pior
worse - pior
- That was the worst meal I’ve ever eaten.
- “It was the worst moment of my life,” she admitted.
- He is my worst enemy.
- The conditions they’re living in are worse than we thought.
- If the rain gets any worse we’ll have to go back.
- His manners are even worse than his sister’s.
- The heat is much worse in the daytime.
renunciar (sem ser step down) + renúncia
- He [] from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
- She [] as(!) director.
- She [] the directorship.
- There have been calls for his [].
- I handed in/gave in/sent in my [] this morning.
> resign
resignation (com A, como… nation)
- He resigned(!) from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
- She resigned as(!) director.
- She resigned >the directorship.<
- There have been calls for his resignation.
- I handed in/gave in/sent in my resignation this morning.
cronograma = agendar, marcar = an official list of things
schedule
- Everything went according to schedule [s/ artigo!]
- We are already two months behind schedule. [s/ artigo!]
- The meeting has been scheduled for(!) tomorrow afternoon.
- The flight is scheduled to arrive at 8.45, but it’s running 20 minutes late.
- a schedule of business expenses (an official list of)
talvez, possivelmente p… (ortografia) (não é maybe)
- [] the most important question has not been asked.
perhaps
- Perhaps the most important question has not been asked.
implorar
beg (1g no infinitivo)
- They begged for mercy.
- They became increasingly visible in society and begging became a profession.
beggar - pedinte
negligenciar
neglect
- The government is neglecting its duty to protect the vulnerable.
organização
organiZation (fr: organisation)
- the World Health Organization
desenvolver (ortografia)
develop
- The fear is that these minor clashes may develop into(!) all-out confrontation. (all-out - complete and with as much effort as possible)
- Over time, their acquaintance developed into(!) a lasting friendship.
- We have to develop a new policy/strategy to deal with the problem.
- Large cracks began to develop in the wall. (rachadura, rachar) (C2)
- the developing world/countries/nations
(fr: développer)
viabilidade ( sem ser viability)
feasibility
- We’re looking at the feasibility of(!) building a shopping centre there.
individualmente
individually
- The children will first sing individually and then as a group.
- The literature offers us a way to understand how people, both individually and coLLectively, respond to policy changes when they are involved in long-term relationships.
> dinâmica (noun)
>dinâmico
> noun - dynamics (em geral, c “s” no final msm no sing!)
adj - dynamic (sem “s”)
- The fight for the leadership gave a fascinating insight into(!) >the< group’s dynamics.
- …is likely to influence >the dynamics< and energetics of permeation.
- We need a dynamic expansion of trade with other countries.
ceder (mais simples que yield ou relinquish)
cede
- Hong Kong was ceded to Britain after the [1ª] Opium War.
- New Orleans was ceded to Spain in 1763.
- She says that she is finally learning to delegate, though she’s still reluctant(!) to cede control.
certo e errado
right and wrong
- You got three answers right and two wrong.
suficiente (2)
> sufficient (2Fs)
enough
- This recipe should be sufficient for five people.
- Will a loan of $500 be sufficient?
- Is there enough deSSert/Are there enough desserts for everyone?
vingança (2)
revenge (com E!) (noun=verb)
- She took/got/exacted (her) revenge on him for leaving her by smashing up his car. (exact - to demand and get something, sometimes using force or threats)
- He is believed to have been shot by a rival gang in revenge for the shootings last week.
- to revenge a death/defeat/injustice
vengEAnce (noun, apenas)
- On the day after the terrorist attack, the overall mood in the town was one of vengeance.
- As he cradled his daughter’s lifeless body in his arms, he swore (to take) vengeance on her killers. (craDle - to hold something or someone gently, especially by supporting with the arms e “berço” e “andaime”; swear swore sworn)
- However, when the economic situation began to deteriorate again in the early 1950s, old problems re-emerged with a vengeance.
tirano
tyrant
- Tamir, one of several sons of the exiled ruler, vowed he would liberate his country from the tyrant.
opressor; opor; oportunidade; oponente; opinião (ortografias)
oppressor; oppose; opportunity; opponent
oPinion
- The proposed new testing system has been vigorously opposed by teachers. (MAAAAS PROPOSE c/ 1P só)
- Most of the local residents opposed the closing of the school. (sem preposição!)
- [ + -ing verb ] I would certainly oppose changing the system. (sem preposição!)
- The military has opposed any cuts in deFence spending. (sem preposição!)
- Sisters, we must rise up and defeat our oppressors.
- a political opponent
> to move or climb quickly but with difficulty, often using your hands to help you (verb e noun)
to compete with other people for something there is very little of (verb e noun)
~embaralhar~, misturar
- She [] up the steep hillside and over the rocks.
- He [] into his clothes (= put them on quickly) and raced to get help.
- As the burning plane landed, the terrified passengers [] for the door (= tried to reach the door quickly).
- As soon as the plane landed there was a mad/wild [] to get out.
- [ + to infinitive ] People are [] to buy property before prices rise even further
- He had a habit of [] his words when excited.
- After the death of the dictator there was an unseemly [] for power among the generals. (unseemly - indecorosa)
scramble
- She scrambled up the steep hillside and over the rocks. (~escalou/subiu~) (hillside = encosta)
- He scrambled into his clothes (= put them on quickly) and raced to get help.
- As the burning plane landed, the terrified passengers scrambled for the door (= tried to reach the door quickly).
- [ + to infinitive ] People are scrambling to buy property before prices rise even further
- He had a habit of scrambling his words when excited.
- As soon as the plane landed there was a mad/wild scramble to get out.
- After the death of the dictator there was an unseemly scramble for power among the generals. (unseemly - indecorosa)
- scrambled eggs - ovos mexidos
an official agreement that finishes an argument
settlement (2 Ts!!)
(tbm é assentamento!!)
(settle - arranjar, entrar em acordo)
- The actor accepted a settlement of(!) $100,000 from the magazine.
- It now seems unlikely that it will be possible to negotiate/reach a peaceful settlement of the conflict.
- As part of their divorce settlement, Jeff agreed to let Polly keep the house.
- They reached an out-of-court settlement.
- A large Roman settlement has been discovered just outside the French town.
- Many Native Americans were killed during the settlement of the American West by EuroPeans in the 19th century.
centenário
centenary (com A!)
- Next year is the centenary of her death.
> real, satisfactory, suitable, or correct
showing standards of behaviour that are socially and morally acceptable
-This is Sara’s first [] job - she usually does temporary work just for the money.
- If you’re going to walk long distances you need [] walking boots.
- I would have done the job myself but I didn’t have the [] equipment. (adequado)
- I’ve had sandwiches but I haven’t eaten a [] meal.
- She likes everything to be in its [] place.
- [ + to infinitive ] In those days it was considered not quite [] for young ladies to be seen talking to men in public.
- She was very [], my grandmother - she’d never go out without wearing her hat and gloves.
proper (1 P só!)
- This is Sara’s first proper job - she usually does temporary work just for the money.
- If you’re going to walk long distances you need proper walking boots.
- I would have done the job myself but I didn’t have the proper equipment. (adequado)
- I’ve had sandwiches but I haven’t eaten a proper meal. (refeição adequada)
- She likes everything to be in its proper place.
- [ + to infinitive ] In those days it was considered not quite proper for young ladies to be seen talking to men in public.
- She was very proper, my grandmother - she’d never go out without wearing her hat and gloves.
imenso (ortografia)
immense
- immense wealth/value
- They spent an immense amount of time getting the engine into perfect condition.
> secretário-geral
> diretor-geral
> secretary(-)general (dicionários divergem qnt ao hífen)
director general
- My moral duty as Secretary General of the United Nations is to do everything possible to avoid war. (atenção p a letra maiúscula)
- Applications for observer status are made to the secretary general of the review conference.
superficial
superficial
(igual à em pt, como “super” tbm é)
- I only have a superficial (= slight) knowledge of French.
- He’s fun to be with, but he’s very superficial.
> 75
33
13
126
>seventy-five >thirty-three >thirteen (a parte de 0 a 99 tem hífen ) ex: one hundred and twenty-six
automaticamente (ortografia)
automatically
in order ( [prep] agente ) [prep] ação, ….
- In order [] us [] win, we’ll all have to try a little harder.
- In order [] our values [] prevail, democracies have to stay united in this dangerous world.
- He came home early in order [] see the kids before they went to bed.
- I agreed to her suggestion in order not [] upset her.
> in order (FOR [agente]) TO [ação]
- In order for(!) us to(!) win, we’ll all have to try a little harder.
- In order for(!) our values to(!) prevail, democracies have to stay united in this dangerous world.
- He came home early in order to(!) see the kids before they went to bed.
- I agreed to(!) her suggestion in order not to upset her. (“not” vem antes)
superior
suPerior (=) (1P só!!)
(como super e superficial)
(apesar de support, supply, supplement, suppression, suppose etc)
- The government troops were superior in(!) numbers (= there were more of them).
- Although badly out-numbered by the enemy, we had vastly superior firepower.
- For babies, breastfeeding is superior to(!) bottle-feeding.
- She thinks she’s morally superior to(!) the rest of us.
- This is clearly the work of a superior artist.
- She was chosen for the job because she was the superior candidate.
manter, sustentar
maintain
- We have standards to maintain.
- A large house costs a lot to maintain.
- They barely earn enough to maintain themselves and their four children.
iniciativa
initiative (com t!!!)
como “initiate” (formal)
> a new plan or process to achieve something or solve a problem
- The peace initiative was welcomed by both sides.
- The UN called on all parties in the conflict to take a positive stance towards the new peace initiative. (stance= posição,postura)
- Joe Walker will be spearheading our new marketing initiative. ( spearhead = comandar)
sentido mais pt:
- Although she was quite young, she showed a lot of initiative and was promoted to manager after a year.
necessário e necessariamente (ortografia)
necessary; necessarily
cuidado!: fr: nécessaire, com “i”!
cidadão
citizen
- The interests of British citizens living abroad are protected by the British Embassy.
- He applied to become an American citizen.
cenário (2) > simulação teórica de uma ocorrência potencial futura (NÃO para conjuntura) X > p teatro e paisagem
> scenario (p coisas que podem acontecer NO FUTURO)
- There are several possible scenarios.
- a horrific/nightmare scenario such as a Third World War
- The most likely scenario is that house prices rise again, forcing interest rates up.
- The worst scenario is that we lose two or three thousand pounds.
- There are several possible scenarios.
- Imagine the scenario - David turns up and we’re all there, waiting for him.
> scenery, p teatro e paisagem
- We stopped at the top of the hill to admire the scenery. (the landscape)
- Be the play comedy or tragedy, in verse or prose, be the scenery elaborate or minimalist, the stage was unchanged. (qqr. subjuntivo em pt -> ~infinitivo em ing.~ (=”sujunctive” (mt formal))
sutil (ortografia)
subtle
- There is a subtle difference between these two plans.
- The room was painted a subtle shade of pink.
- I could detect subtle variances in fragrance as we strolled through the garden. (stroll - walk in a leisurely way)
lazer
leisure (COM E; Ñ CONFUNDIR COM EM PT)
- Most people only have a limited amount of leisure time.
- We enjoyed a leisurely picnic lunch on the lawn. (in a relaxed way, without hurrying (o dicionário preferiu hurrying a haste))
tornar possível, capaz
enable
- Computerization should enable us to cut production costs by half.
- Parents must always ask themselves if they are enabling their child’s drug use.
- Recent technology has enabled the development of cheaper digital radios.
tratado
treaty
- a peace treaty
- the treaty on European union
- [ + to infinitive ] We’ve signed/concluded a treaty with neighbouring states to limit eMissions of harmful gases.
- Under the treaty (= according to the agreement), inspections are required to see if any country is secretly developing nuclear arms.
[preposition] the center
AT the center
- The Tabard, set at the centre of the development, forms part of the..
- A smooth green carpet lay at its centre.
(lie - past tense: lay; past participle: lain)
- …Tuscany is right at the centre of it.
abordagem/abordar
approach (2Ps)
- We could just see the train approaching in the distance.
- I’m not sure how to approach the problem.
- She’s been approached by a modelling agency.
cuidadoso
careful (1 L só!… como qqr “-ful”)
to do what has just been mentioned
- In 1998 the government promised to reform the law, but it has not yet [].
- Parents must take responsibility for their children. Failure to [] could mean a fine or a jail sentence.
do so (C1)
- In 1998 the government promised to reform the law, but it has not yet done so.
- Parents must take responsibility for their children. Failure to do so could mean a fine or a jail sentence.
to cause someone to do something, especially something bad, além de “liderar”
lead - (passados: led)
- He was a weak man, led astray by ambition.
(astray - away from the correct path etc (mas stray é extraviado etc.)
- [ + to infinitive ] The brochure led me to believe that the price included home delivery.
(brochure - folheto, panfleto)
- It’s worrying that such a prominent politician is so easily led.
- I think we’ve chosen the right person to lead the expedition.
levantar alguma coisa, tbm figurativamente
- Would all those in favour please [] their hands?
- The government plan to [] taxes.
raise
- She raised her gun, took aim and fired.
- Would all those in favour please raise their hands?
- The government plan to raise taxes.
- They would soon raise an outcry and put pressure on the government to withdraw its decision. (outcry - a strong expression of public anger and disapproval)
suscetível (ortografia)
susceptible
- These plants are particularly susceptible to frost. (frost - geada)
- Among particularly susceptible children, the disease can develop very fast.
ocupando e ocupou (ortografia)
occupying; occupied
feriado (ortografia)
holiday
historiador (ortografia)
historian
justificar (ortografia)
justify
- [ + -ing verb ] I can’t really justify taking another day off work.
- Are you sure that these measures are justified?
- It was the only thing that I could do - I don’t have to justify myself to anyone.
restringir + restrito + restritivo
restrict + adj: restrictED; restrictive
- measures to restrict the sale of alcohol
- They restrict these payments to employees who have been with the firm for more than a year.
- The government has restricted freedom of movement into and out of the country.
- Having small children really restricts your social life.
- Many events are free, so families on restricted(!) budgets can participate.
- Building in this area of town is restricted.
- Membership is restricted to(!) (= it is only for) chief executive officers.
- She campaigned against restrictive immigration laws.
pagamento
payment (com Y!)
- When is the first payment due?
> expected to happen, arrive, etc. at a particular time
in [] course - at a suitable time in the future (formal) (no devido tempo)
+ to - because of
owed as a debt or as a right (devido)
in a direction that is straight towards the north, south, east, or west
due
- What time is the next bus due?
- The next meeting is due to be held in three months’ time.
- Their first baby is due in January.
- You will receive notification of the results in due course.
- A lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom.
- Our thanks are due to everyone.
- [UK law] He was found to have been driving without due (= the necessary) care and attention.
- From here, you go due east until you get to the Interstate.
(obs.: overdue - vencido, atrasado (de uma dívida))
dever (algo a alguém)
- I [] you a drink for helping me move.
- I think you [] (= should give) me an explanation/aPology.
- I [] my success to my education.
- He [] his life to the staff at the hospital.
- I [] everything (= I am very grateful) to my parents.
owe (someone something or something to(!) someone
(Ñ confundir com
own - possuir; próprio
our - nosso)
- we owe our son a TV of his own
- I owe you a drink for helping me move.
- I think you owe (= should give) me an explanation/aPology.
- I owe my success to my education.
- He owes his life to the staff at the hospital.
- I owe everything (= I am very grateful) to my parents.
conter
contain
- She could no longer contain her anger and started yelling at him.
- Medical teams were scrambling to(!) contain the illness that has already killed thousands in Latin America.
(scrambling, aqui, ~lutando~)
expandir
expand
- expand economic and political might
monitorar
monitor
- The new findings suggest that women ought to monitor their cholesterol levels. (ought to - devem)
- oversee é “vigiar”
atributo/atribuir
attribute
- Self-confidence is a rare attribute in(!) a 17-year-old. (hyfens!)
- A key attribute of(!) the new service will be flexibility.
- Organizational ability is an essential attribute for(!) a good manager.
- She has the physical attributes to become a championship swimmer.
essencial
essential (com T)
típico
typical
- I must look like the typical tourist with my shorts and my camera.
- Typical symptoms would include severe headaches, vomiting and dizziness.
habilidade
ability (1L só e sem H!!)
roubar X aço X ainda
> roubar - steal > aço - steel > ainda - still - She admitted stealing the money from her employers. - a steel helmet - I'm still hungry.
sobrersair(-se) + excelente
excel (1L!) ; excellent
- Rebecca always excelled in languages at(!) school. (2Ls qnd conjugado)
recomendar
recommend (2 Ms) (as in comment, commit etc)
- She has been recommended for promotion
telhado (2) (ortografias)
> ceiling
roof
……-rooftop(s) - (geralmente no plural) the outside surface of the roof of a building
- I got a crick in(!) my neck from painting the ceiling.
…..- crick - cãibra - The slate roof differentiates this house from others in the area. (slate - ardósia)
- a magnificent view of the rooftops
- Police marksmen with riFles were stationed on the rooftops. (marksman - ~atirador de elite~)
(stationed - estacionado, posicionado)
confortável
coMfortable (com M!)
- a comfortable bed/sofa
rebanho; ~manada~ (2)
> flock (com CK)
herd
- a flock of sheep/goats/geese (plural de goose)
- a flock of ducks
- a flock of reporters (NÃO parece ser pejorativo)(bando, p/ o google)
- A noisy flock of tourists came into the building.
- Tourists flock to the village.
- The shepherd is bringing his flock down from the hills.
- a herd of cattle/elephants/goats
- Poor Janine - she just follows the herd (= does what all the other people are doing).
- Hundreds of people flocked to the football match.
- Crowds of people flocked to see the Picasso exhibition. (aglomeraram-se p/ o google)
- An old woman was herding the goats. (pastorear)
- The teachers herded the children into buses. (conduzir)
claro!, naturalmente!, com certeza
of course (informal) (separado)
possível
possible
to hit repeatedly + particípio
(michael jackson: “[] it! [] it!”)
e.o.
beat
(beat - beat - beaten=beat)
- Holland beat Belgium (by) 3–1.
- Simon always beats me at tennis.
- She has beaten her own record of three minutes ten seconds. (sem and!)
- The rain was beating down incessantly on the tin roof. (tin = lata/zinco)
- They saw him beating his dog with a stick.
- The child had been brutally/savagely beaten.
- Beat the drum.
humilhar
humiliate
generoso
generous
fundamental (ortografia)
- Some understanding of grammar is [fundamental] [preposição] learning a language.
fundamental (igual!)
- Some understanding of grammar is fundamental to(!) learning a language.
- We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment.
- It’s one of the fundamental differences between men and women.
- The school is based on the fundamental principle that all children should reach their full potential.
- Diversity is of fundamental importance to all ecosystems and all economies
inversão (ortografia)
inversion
vista (paisagem) = ver(ter uma opinião sobre) (ortografia)
- The rooftop restaurant affords a panoramic [] (= allows you to see a wide area) across the bay.
(rooftop - cobertura; terraço)
-A reporter asked the minister how he [] recent events.
- She is [] as a strong candidate for the job.
- We [] these latest developments with concern/suspicion/satisfaction.
- If we view the problem from a different angle, a solution may become more obvious
view
- The rooftop restaurant affords a panoramic view (= allows you to see a wide area) across the bay.
(rooftop - cobertura; terraço)
-A reporter asked the minister how he viewed recent events.
- She is viewed as a strong candidate for the job.
- We view these latest developments with concern/suspicion/satisfaction.
- If we view the problem from a different angle, a solution may become more obvious
ângulo (ortografia)
angle
enquanto = ~período~ (ortografia)
- I only stayed for a short [].
- [] I accept that he’s not perfect in many respects, I do actually like the man.
while
- I only stayed for a short while.
- While I accept that he’s not perfect in many respects, I do actually like the man.
> irritante
+ (ortografia)
(uma )irritação
> annoying (2 Ns)
annoyance (com Y ainda!)
……- nuisance tbm serviria
to depend on or trust someone or something (phrasal verb)
- You can’t [][] good weather for the whole trip.
- The system [] too heavily [] one person.
rely on/upon (phrasal verb)
- You can’t rely on good weather for the whole trip.
- The system relies too heavily on one person.
mais fácil (ortografia)
easier
pegar, agarrar (um resfriado, um voo) e passados (ortografia)
catch (passados: caught)
- I managed to catch the glass before it hit the ground.
- He caught hold of my arm
- to catch/get/have (the) flu
- Great pressure was put on the police to catch the terrorists as soon as possible.
adjetivos dos pontos cardeais (além deles mesmos)
> + ERN - the Northern Hemisphere - the Southern Hemisphere - The eastern part of the country is very *mountainous.* - California and other western states - western Europe ( Além de >North< America)
lie X lay
> Lie - deitar, repousar [SEM objeto]
……past: lay; participle: lain
…………(p ‘mentir’, ambos “lied”)
……(lying smp)
> Lay - colocar (in especially a flat or horizontal position) - carefully or for a particular purpose [COM objeto]
(passados: laid)
- We all lay down on the floor. (passado de lie)
- Why don’t you lie down on(!) the sofa for a while?
- to lie on your side
- He lies awake at night, worrying.
- The team is lying third in the league.
- The town lay in ruins. (passado de lie)
- Where does the blame lie?
- She laid the baby on(!) the bed. (passado de lay)
- Thousands of turtles drag themselves onto the beach and lay their eggs in the sand.
- The plan is to lay (= build) the foundations for the new apartments in October.
- laid the foundation
- … was laying the foundations of drama training in England…
- … which had laid the foundation for Nonconformist power…
- …denunciations of the Pahlavi dynasty that laid the foundations of his revolution.
- Further, in developing this approach Merton laid the ground for later work on crime based on the notion of subculture
- …which have laid the ground for Thatcher’s government to make the very damaging proposals contained in the White Paper.
- It laid down guidelines for religious instruction. (guidelines smp com “down”)
- Its objective was to lay down guidelines for a national convention
tábua = placa = quadro (negro/branco ou de pessoas)
board
- Cut the vegetables on a chopping (US cutting) board.
- There was a “For Sale” board outside the house.
- The teacher wrote her name up on the board.
- Every decision has to be approved by the board (of directors).
ler + seu passado
read; passado read! (O QUE MUDA É A PRONÚNCIA)
- Your handwriting is so untidy I can’t read it. (untidy - not arranged neatly and in order)
- I’ve read in the newspapers (that) there is a threat of war.
to force someone to do something, or to make it necessary for someone to do something (não é compel) (2)
obligate; oblige
- The law obliges companies to pay decent wages to their employees.
- The company was obligated to make compensation for damages.
- Employers are legally obligated to inform employees about benefits.
“oblige” tbm é “to please or help someone, especially by doing something they have asked you to do”
- We only went to the party to oblige some old friends who asked us to be there. [oblige someone]
- We needed a guide and he was only too happy to oblige.
salário (2)
wage
- a very low/high wage
- an hourly(!)/daily/weekly/annual wage
- He gets/earns/is paid a good wage, because he works for a fair employer.
- The job pays very low wages.
salary
- His net monthly salary is €2,500. (net=líquido, aqui)
- She’s on quite a good/decent salary in her present job.
- He took a drop in (= accepted a lower) salary when he changed jobs.
desapontar (ortografia)
disappoint (2 Ps)
- I’m sorry to disappoint you, but I’m afraid I can’t come after all.
- We don’t want to disappoint the fans.
preguiçoso; preguiça
laziness; Lazy
- I could go to the gym - it’s just laziness that stops me.
- Managers had complained that the workers were lazy and unreliable.
strain (5)
> tensão/pressão (e o verbo) > distensão (a ruim: muscular etc) (e o verbo) > a particular type or quality; "vertente" > cepa (de um vírus etc) > (verbo) coar
- The hurricane put such a strain on the bridge that it collapsed.
- Migration into the cities is putting a strain on already stretched resources.
- I’ve put on such a lot of weight recently - this dress is straining at the seams. (seams- costuras)
- He’s been under a lot of strain recently.
- I strained a muscle in my back playing squash.
- A strain of puritanism runs through all her work. (tipo)
- …a new strain of the virus which is much more dangerous.
- The oil in which the fish is fried is strained off and used to cook potatoes.
irreconhecível (ortografia)
unrecognizable = unrecognisable
……- recognise=recognize
….. - recognisable=recognizable
- The “area” remaining is more like a sieve and may be entirely unrecognisable as an area. (sieve = peneira)
a utensil consisting of a wire or plastic mesh held in a frame, used for straining solids from liquids, for separating coarser from finer particles, or for reducing soft solids to a pulp.
(mesh = malha)
(strain = coar)
sieve = peneira (=peneirar)
“E” DEPPOIS DO i
como em “believe” e “relieve”
- Pass the sauce through a sieve to remove any lumps. (lump = caroço)
- To make the batter, sieve the flour and salt into a bowl. (batter = massa)
> malha
> entrosar, integrar, unir
mesh
- a sieve with a fine/large mesh (sieve=peneira)
- a wire mesh fence
- The members of the team just didn’t mesh.
- I need a job that meshes with(!) my family life, as I have two little kids.
“o responsável” (pela equipe, por qqr coisa)
the person in charge (responsible NÃO é noun)
obs. : responsible to -> ser controlado por (responde a):
- In Australia, the prime minister and the Cabinet are responsible to the House of Representatives. (controlled by!)
pressa = apressar(se)(ortografia)
hurry
(haste é mais usado como hasty e hastily)
- Hurry or you’ll be late
- [ + to infinitive ] She hurried to answer the phone.
- I refuse to be hurried into a decision (= to be forced to make a decision too quickly).
- We left in such a hurry that we forgot our tickets
- Are you in a hurry (= wanting) to leave?
- The girls hastily got dressed
- I was hasty making breakfast, so the eggs are burnt.
absorver + absorto [preposição]
> absorB;
absorBed (in)
- Plants absorb carbon dioxide.
- It’s hard to absorb so much information.
- The project has absorbed her for several years.
- Simon was so absorbed in(!) his book that he didn’t even notice me come in.
sozinho
alone (1 L só!) você errou isso
40 por extenso
forty (sem U!) você errou isso
arpão
harpoon
vela de velejar = velejar
+ marinheiro
> sail
sailor (com O!!)
- The boat sailed along/down the coast.
- As the battleship sailed by/past, everyone on deck waved.
- The ship was sailing to China.
- He was a young sailor on his first sea voyage.
……-voyage - a long journey, especially by ship - A sailor threw a rope ashore and we tied the boat to a post.
……-ashore - towards or onto land from an area of water
……- post - poste
mastro
mast
enrolar em tubo
furl
- He took down the flag and furled it carefully.
remendo = distintivo
x distintivo de carregar, de policiais etc.
patch
(mas “badge” é mais o distintivo de carregar, de policiais etc.)
- I’ll have to sew a patch onto these jeans - they’re ripped at the knee.
> mas tbm: a shirt with a US flag patch sewn onto the right shoulder (sew - costurar (particípio = sewn=sewed))
- His black jacket has a black-and-silver patch bearing the school’s Latin motto.
> e tbm: Some people wear nicotine patches to help them give up smoking.
~gerúndio~ de see
seeing (com os 2 Es!)
- We’re seeing friends this weekend.
- My mother is seeing the doctor again next week.
- How long has she been seeing him?
passado de catch
caught
- They were happy because they had caught a lot of fish that day.
- He caught the rope and knotted it around a post.
(knot = amarrar)
envolver (sentido físico)
- She [] the present and tied it with ribbon. (ribbon - fita, faixa, tira)
- [] the chicken in foil and cook it for two hours.
(foil ,e.o., folha de alumínio)
wrap
(Ñ tem esse sentido: involve)
- She wrapped the present and tied it with ribbon. (ribbon - fita, faixa, tira)
- Wrap the chicken in foil and cook it for two hours.
(foil ,e.o., folha de alumínio)
fita; faixa
- Sandra often wears a [] in her hair.
- He tied up the present with [].
- A [] of road stretched ahead of us across the desert.
ribbon
- Sandra often wears a ribbon in her hair.
- He tied up the present with ribbon.
- A ribbon of road stretched ahead of us aCross the desert.
tornar-se (ortografia e passados)
> become
became (simple past)
become(!) (p participle)
rugas
wrinkles (SEM C)
maas “freckles” tem “ck” (sarda)
sardas
freckles
[artigo indef] year
A year
changes [preposição(2)]
- Similar changes [] attitude have been in evidence throughout the training of these recruits
- changes [] the body’s rhythms are observed to be very similar to those after…
- Not all the ceaseless changes [] designs were due to Ceausescu’s indecision and interference on aesthetic grounds.
> changes IN
changes TO
- Similar changes in attitude have been in evidence throughout the training of these recruits
- changes to the body’s rhythms are observed to be very similar to those after…
- Not all the ceaseless changes to designs were due to Ceausescu’s indecision and interference on aesthetic grounds.
perseguir (uma carreira, um plano, um interesse) p… (ortografia)
pursue (chase tbm tem um pouco esse sentido)
- He decided to pursue a career in television.
- We need to decide soon what marketing strategy we should pursue for these new products.
- Michael Evans is leaving the company to pursue his own business interests.
- She is ruthless in pursuing her goals. (implacável, impiedosa)
ombro (ortografia)
shoulder
pastor (ortografia)
shepherd
obs: o rebanho das sheep é o flock; naõ, o herd…
incentivo
- These kids have no [] to learn.
- Tax [] have been very effective in encouraging people to save and invest more of their income.
- [ + to infinitive ] There is little [] for people to leave their cars at home when public transport remains so expensive.
- Bonus payments provide an [] to work harder.
incentive (C2!)
- These kids have no incentive to learn.
- Tax incentives have been very effective in encouraging people to save and invest more of their income.
- [ + to infinitive ] There is little incentive for people to leave their cars at home when public transport remains so expensive.
- Bonus payments provide an incentive to work harder.
> velocidade; taxa; ritmo; razão; proporção; grau
an amount or level of payment
to judge the value or character of someone or something:
rate
- Although she’s recovering from her illness, her rate of progress is quite slow.
- I told my assistAnts to work at their own rate.
- The taxi was going at a tremendous rate.
- the growth/inflation/mortality/unemployment, etc. rate
- The drug has a high success/failure rate.
- We agreed a rate with the painter before he started work.
- What’s the going (= standard) rate for this type of work?
- Do you pay your mortgage on a fixed or variable rate (= of interest)? (mortgage = hipoteca)
- How do you rate him as a football player?
- She is rated very highly by the people she works for.
- On a scale of one to ten, I’d rate his book a five.
- I rate cars as one of the worst polluters of the environment.
- Traffic accidents are so frequent that they don’t rate a mention (= are not considered to be worth reporting) in the newspaper unless a lot of people are killed.
gatilho ~=~ disparar (ortografia)
trigger (2 Gs)
- It’s not clear who actually pulled the trigger.
- There are fears that the incident may be a trigger for more violence in the capital.
- Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches.
- Ultraviolet-B radiation triggers the skin to produce vitamin D.
- The racial killings at the weekend have triggered off a wave of protests.
pesar (verb)
weigh (it weighS)
(SEM “t” (com “t” é “peso”))
- Yesterday a satellite weighing 15 tons was successfully placed in orbit.
- She weighs herself every week on the scales in the bathroom.
- Your luggage must be weighed before it is put on the aircraft. (put put put)
- Easy access to a skilled workforce weighed heavily with us when we chose a site for the new factory.
- Economic benefits must be carefully weighed against the possible dangers of handling radioactive waste.
governo
government
> um ativo
> a useful or valuable quality, skill, or person
asset
- A company’s assets can consist of cash, investments, specialist knowledge, or copyright material.
- liquid assets (= money or things that can easily be changed into money)
- He’ll be a great asset to the team. (trunfo, vantagem)
- Her eyes are her best asset (= most attractive feature). (qualidade?
- Knowledge of languages is a real asset in this sort of work. (~trunfo~, vantagem)
de quem; cujo
- [] is this bag?
- [] bag is this?
- Cohen, [] short film won awards, was chosen to direct the movie .
- There was a picture in the paper of a man [] leg had been blown off.
- They meet in an old house, [] basement has been converted into a
whose (1 O só!)
- They meet in an old house, whose basement has been converted into a chapel.
- Whose is this bag?
- Whose bag is this?
- Cohen, whose short film won awards, was chosen to direct the movie .
- There was a picture in the paper of a man whose leg had been blown off.
inocente (ortografia)
- He firmly believes that she is [] [preposição] the crime.
innocent
- He firmly believes that she is innocent of(!!!) the crime.
ferimento; dano; prejuízo
injury
- Several train passengers received(!)/sustained serious injuries in the crash.
- Injuries to the spine are common among these workers.
- The plaintiff had claimed damages for injury to his health from exposure to asbestos dust.
(plaintiff - queixoso)
- The firm filed a lawsuit against the site to prevent serious injury to its reputation.
psicológico (ortografia)
psychological
render-se (ou entregar alguma coisa!(relutantemente))
surrender (2Rs!)
- They would rather die than surrender (to the invaders).
- I finally surrendered to temptation, and ate the last piece of chocolate.
> vigilância (ortografia)(tbm em francês)
+
vigiar
> surveillance (=francês!!) ( 2Ls!!)
surveil (fr: surveiller)
- The police have kept the nightclub under surveillance because of suspected illegal drug activity.
- More banks are now installing surveillance cameras.
deliberadamente (ortografia)
deliberately !
o adjetivo original é igual ao verbo (deliberate)
- He was sent off for deliberately tripping Robson when he was about to score.
bear (2) X bare
> Bear - urso + aguentar
Bare - nu, apenas c o mais importante (C2)
- I just packed the bare essentials (= the most basic and necessary things).
- There isn’t much time, so I’ll just give you the bare facts/details.
- There’s no carpet in the room, just bare floorboards.
Bear (6) e passados
> (bore + borne)
(“born” (sem “e”) só para “ser parido” (nascer))
> change direction slightly so that you are going in a particular direction
- After you go past the church keep bearing left/right.
- After you pass the light, bear left until you come to a bank.
> trazer, levar (formal)
- At Christmas the family all arrive at the house bearing gifts.
- Countless waiters bore trays of drinks into the room.
- The sound of the ice cream van was borne into the office on the wind.
> parir ou dar frutos (formal)
(particípio - bornE p mulher parindo ; borN p “ser parido” (nascer))
- She had bornE six children by the time she was 30.
- When his wife bore him a child he could not hide his delight. (two objects!)
- Most animals bear their young in the spring. (a young (noun) - the babies of an animal)
- The pear tree they planted has never borne fruit.
- borN into poverty, Lincoln was faced with defeat throughout his life
> aguentar/suportar
- The strain must have been enormous but she bore it well.
- The chair, too fragile to bear her weight, collapsed.
> to have or continue to have something
- Their baby bears a strong resemblance to its grandfather.
- The stone plaque bearing his name was smashed to pieces.
> urso
the beginning (synonym C2) > [PREP] [the ~beginning~]
the outset
( onset serve também apenas para coisas desagradáveis)
-> AT the outset
- I told him at/from the outset I wasn’t interested.
- From the outset we planned to conduct our research together.
- “At the outset of the 19th century….”
- At the outset of the twenty-first/twentieth/nineteenth/eighteenth century it had some 800 inhabitants, and around 1860 approximately 1,300,…
- At the outset of the 1990s, there was remarkable consensus within the business community as to what kind of political economy it wanted.
-…is often costly at the outset. (costly - expensive)
reduzir; limitar, restringir ou interromper
curtail
(severely curtail advérbio mais comum)
- to curtail your holiday/spending
- With all the snow, our daily walks have been severely curtailed.
- These lax policies provided President Trump with some justification for his decision this week to curtail movement across the U.S.-Mexican border, including by asylum seekers. (lax - frouxas)
- He had to curtail his speech when time ran out.
- The Federal Reserve raised interest rates slightly to curtail inflation.
- The last government severely curtailed trade union rights. (trade union - sindicato)
- Such an apProach would be an important step in improving the overall use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and curtailing the development of resistAnt micro-organisms.
stem (noun e verb)
=/= steam = vapor
-> noun - caule, haste; parte fina da taça
verb: (stemmed stemmed stemming)
-> (estancar) stop something unwanted from spreading or increasing
-> to stop the flow of a liquid such as blood
->stem from sth - to develop or come from sth
….(NÃO tem “a”, como se fosse um vapor saindo)
- These measures are designed to stem the rise of violent crime.
- We must take action to stem the tide of resignations. (maré de demissões(por conta própria)
- She tied a handkerchief around the wound to stem the flow of blood. (handkerchief - lenço; wound - ferimento)
- These practices stem from traditional Chinese medicine.
- Music stemming from literary or visual contexts presents particular problems when it comes to… (proveniente, oriunda)
conectar (ortografia)
connect
-> empty, and not welcoming or attractive (~austero~)
-> with little or no hope for the future (desesperançoso)
- (weather) cold and unpleasant (~sombrio~)
- The house stands on a [], windswept hilltop. (windswept - varrido pelo vento; hilltop - topo da colina (C 2Ls!)
- The economic outlook is [].
- It was a [], unpleasAnt day in December.
- With no job, the future looked [].
bleak
- The house stands on a bleak, windswept hilltop. (windswept - varrido pelo vento; hilltop - topo da colina (C 2Ls!)
- The economic outlook is bleak.
- It was a bleak, unpleasAnt day in December.
- With no job, the future looked bleak.
-> comício
-> improvement e improve
-> (re)unir por uma causa; rallier
-> corrida motorizada
rally
- 5,000 people held an anti-nuclear rally.
- an election/campaign rally (campAIGN)
- Share prices fell again today after yesterday’s rally. (improvement)
- The nurse said my mother had rallied after a poor night. (improved)
- The team played badly in the first half of the game but rallied in the second.
- The pound rallied against the dollar in trading today. (improved)
- Paraguay’s politicians still frequently refer to the War of the Triple Alliance to rally nationalist sentiment. (g:mobilizar)
- The president has called on the people to rally to/behind the government. (call on - convidar ~formalmente~)
- The general rallied his forces to defend the town. (mobilizar)
- “Workers of the world unite!” was their rallying cry/call (= a phrase said to encourage support). (rallying/war/battle cry - grito de guerra)
- Mr. Bolsonaro mingled with supporters at a rally as recently as Sunday, even though his own health ministry recommended that he isolate(!) himself because he has had close contact with infected officials.
(mingle - misturar(-se) ministry - ministério)(qqr subjuntivo em pt -> ~infinitivo em ing~ (=subjuntivo) (de uso mt formal))
> occurring or existing only if (certain other circumstances) are the case; dependent on (“condicionado”)
- resolution of the conflict was [] [PREP] the signing of a ceasefire agreement
- Outdoor activities are, as ever, [] [PREP] the weather.
- Our success is [] [PREP] your support.
contingent on/upon
- resolution of the conflict was contingent on(!) the signing of a ceasefire agreement
- Outdoor activities are, as ever, contingent on(!) the weather.
- Our success is contingent upon(!) your support.
> estrago, destruição
confusion and lack of order, Especially causing damage or trouble (alvoroço
- The storm wreaked (= caused) [] in the garden, uprooting trees and blowing a fence down. (uproot - arrancar, desenraizar (tbm fig))
- The delay played (= caused) [] with their travel arrangements.
- The storm created complete [] in the park.
- The recent collapse in global oil prices has wrought [] with its dollarised economy and… (wreak - passados: wrought OU wreaked TANTO FAZ)
havoc
(apareceu no TPS)
- The storm wreaked (= caused) havoc in the garden, uprooting trees and blowing a fence down. (uproot - arrancar, desenraizar (tbm fig))
- The delay played (= caused) havoc with their travel arrangements. (with - o q causou ñ necessariamente entrou em contato)
- The storm created complete havoc in the park.
- The recent collapse in global oil prices has wrought havoc with its dollarised economy and… (wreak - passados: wrought OU wreaked TANTO FAZ)
> (“wreak havoc” é mt comum) (wreak é causar algo (ruim))
> the period that follows an unpleasant event or accident, and the effects that it causes
momento posterior
aftermath
- But policYmakers must start plaNNing for the aftermath of the pandemic,…
- Many more people died in the aftermath of the explosion.
- We all worked together in the aftermath of the earthquake. (após o terremoto)
- The confusion had arisen in the aftermath of conquest. (conquista)
- The League of Nations was created as an aftermath of the First World War (uso peculiar)
adjective used to emphasize how important or serious something is
utmost
- a maTTer of the utmost importance
- The situation needs to be handled with the utmost care.
montar em Eng e seus significados
mount
> montar (uma exibição, um projeto)
> aumentar
> subir em algum lugar
> montar (uma bicicleta, um cavalo)
> montar (uma guarda etc)
- to mount an attack/ campaign/ challenge/ protest
- to mount an exhibition/display
- The report warns that there is no time to lose in mounting the most robust and cooperative health response the world has ever seen
- They worked harder and harder as the debts mounted.
- Amidst mounting tension, tribal leaders have agreed to meet
- She mounted her horse and rode off.
- He mounted the plaTForm and began to speak to the assembled crowd. (sem preposição!)
- Queen Elizabeth II mounted the tHRone (= became queen) in 1952. (formal) (sem preposição!)
- Sentries are mounted outside the palace at all times. (sentry - sentinela)
- Armed security officers are employed to mount guard over the president. (mount guard on/over sth - guard something)
- Coronavirus: shares(ações) in Asia Pacific fall sharply as fears mount
- He is now urging the parliament’s powerful environment committee to mount an investigation.
> cause (verb) (sinônimo)
levar, incitar, impelir, induzir
to help someone, especially an actor, to remember what they were going to say or do
- The bishop’s speech has [] an angry response from both political parties.
- Recent worries over the president’s health have [] speculation over his political future.
- What [] you to say that? ([] sb to do sth)
- I don’t know what [] him to leave.
- A description of the man [] hundreds of calls after its release on Tuesday.
- I forgot my line and had to be []. (ajudar a lembrar)
-…has even [] Indian friends to criticise the Modi government
- Trump’s decision to suddenly withdraw all US forces from Syria, which [] an incursion by Turkish forces
- But the coronavirus crisis could mark a tipping point that [] many businesses to remodel their supply chains and invest in more resilient and often more local patterns of production. (tipping point - ponto de inflexão)
- 130 million on the edge of starvation [] by Coronavirus
- Sometimes research is [] by a technical issue.
- When [] by the interviewer, she also describes her belief that losing weight will reduce the breathlessness she experiences when she exerts herself. (exert - fazer esforço) (lose=/=loose!!)
prompt
- The bishop’s speech has prompted an angry response from both political parties.
- Recent worries over the president’s health have prompted speculation over his political future.
- What prompted you to say that? (prompt sb to do sth)
- I don’t know what prompted him to leave.
- A description of the man prompted hundreds of calls after its release on Tuesday.
- I forgot my line and had to be prompted. (ajudar a lembrar)
- …has even prompted Indian friends to criticise the Modi government
- Trump’s decision to suddenly withdraw all US forces from Syria, which prompted an incursion by Turkish forces
- But the coronavirus crisis could mark a tipping point that prompts many businesses to remodel their supply chains and invest in more resilient and often more local patterns of production. (tipping point - ponto de inflexão)
- 130 million on the edge of starvation prompted by Coronavirus
- Sometimes research is prompted by a technical issue. (motivada)
- When prompted by the interviewer, she also describes her belief that losing weight will reduce the breathlessness she experiences when she exerts herself. (exert - fazer esforço) (lose=/=loose!!)
cavalier
-> not serious or caring enough about matters that other people are serious about
-> not considering other people’s feelings or safety
-> que tem falta de consideração, descaso (?)
-> ?”cínico”?
(p o google= arrogante)
(NÃO confundir com chivalrous (cavalheiresco))
- That’s a rather cavalier aTTitude.
- a cavalier attitude toward public health concerns
- But Mr. López Obrador, like Mr. Bolsonaro, has been cavalier in his personal response to the virus, rejecting his health minister’s recoMMendation that he abstain(!) from hugs and kisses. (qqr subjuntivo em pt -> ~infinitivo em Eng~ (=subjuntivo Eng.) (bastante formal)) (g:arrogante)
ab-rogar
to end a law, agreement, or custom formally
+ 2º sentido
abrogate
- The treaty was abrogated in 1929.
- The opposition party pledged to abrogate the law if they won the election.
> TBM: to avoid something that you should do
- Companies are really abrogating responsibility for safety.
- Those in power abrogated their responsibility.
- The government is abrogating its duTy to protect the safety of its citizens.
onipresente (2)
> ubiquitous (formal ou engraçado)
omnipresent
- The Swedes are not alone in finding their language under pressure from the ubiquitous spread of English.
- The mobile phone, that most ubiquitous of consumer-eleCtronic aPPliances, is about to enter a new age. (appliance, aqui, utensílio)
- The state, defined as the governing aPParatus, caNNot be physically ubiquitous by showing its physical presence in every sphere of the society.
- The singer became an omnipresent icon of style and beauty.
divisor de águas
watershed
- The year 1969 was a watershed in her life: she changed her career and remarried.
- a watershed event/moment
- The discovery of penicillin was a watershed in the history of medicine.
- The buyout was hailed on Wall Street as a watershed for private equity. (buyout - ~~compra~~ ; hail - aclamar ; equity - conjunto de ações de uma empresa)
“lurk” e “lurking”
> lurk - espreitar, esconder-se - to wait or move in a secret way so that you cannot be seen, especially because you are about to aTTaCK someone or do something wrong
(of an unpleasAnt feeling or quality) to exist although it is not always noticEAble
a lurking feeling exists, although it may not be very strong, and will not go away
(Ñ confundir com “loom” - ~pairar~)
- Someone was lurking in the shaDows.
- When I was four, I was convinced there was a monster lurking in my closeT.
- Danger lurks around every corner.
- It seems that old prejudices are still lurking beneath the surface.
- Behind all this lurks depression, the feeling of emptiness and self-alienation, and the sense that their life has no meaning. (esconde-se)
- I have some lurking doubts about wHetHer Simon is really capable of doing this job. (o google simplesmesnte tira o “lurking” na tradução)
- She said she had a lurking suspicion that he wasn’t telling the truth. (google tira tbm) (~oculta~?)
partidário
como adjetivo e como substantivo
partisan
- The audience was very partisan, and refused to listen to her spEEch. (adj!)
- partisan politics (adj!)
- The political parties are more divided by partisanship than ever before.
- Admittedly, it is bold to imagine that physicians or patients will become deep ecologists or environmental partisans any time soon. (physician - MÉDICO!)
- By 1844 both parties understood the advantages of having women as partisans
lançar, jogar (mt usado fig. “echar”!)
(ñ é throw nem shed)
- New evidence has [] doubt on the guilty veRDict.
- The moon [] a white light into the room.
- Her arrival [] a shaDow over/on the party (= made it less pleasant).
- The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton has [] light on why they became extinct.
- She [] a quick look in(!) the rear mirror. (rear - traseiro)
- Could you [] an eye over this report for me?
cast
(cast cast cast)
- New evidence has cast doubt on the guilty veRDict.
- The moon cast a white light into the room. (cast - no passado)
- Her arrival cast a shaDow over/on the party (= made it less pleasant).
- The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton has cast light on why they became extinct.
- She cast(!) a quick look in(!) the rear mirror. (rear - traseiro) (cast - no passado)
- Could you cast an eye over this report for me?
- the missteps of Chinese leaders cast a pall on their country’s global standing (pall- mortalha, nuvem negra, cortina de fumaça etc)
(com o sentido de “lançar” e “jogar”, propriamente, apenas na escrita literária)
completamente desenvolvido, desabrochado
- Aspirin reduces your chances of having a [] stroke.
- This hYpoTHesis posits a subtle disease process aFFecting critical circuits in the brain during early development and reaching full-blown consequences during adolescence or early adulthood. (posit- postular)
full-blown
- Aspirin reduces your chances of having a full-blown stroke.
- This hYpoTHesis posits a subtle disease proceSS aFFecting critical circuits in the brain during early development and reaching full-blown consequences during adolescence or early adulthood. (posit- postular)
despachar
dispatch ou despatch
> tbm: the act of sending someone or something somewhere
- the dispatch of troops
- Within seconds the university police can identify the exact origin of the alarm and dispatch officers to investigate.
- Two loads of cloth were dispatched to the factory on 12 December. (cloth - pano)
- In her latest dispatch, Clare Duggan, our war correspondEnt, reported an increase in fighting.
> to avoid something;
> to ignore someone and not speak to that person because you cannot accept their behaviour, beliefs, etc.
shun
- She has shunned publicity since she retired from acting.
- After the trial he was shunned by friends and family alike.
- At least among humans, these iNNovators might be shunned or expelled from the group (marginalizados?)
- They embraced modernity, in the shape of meCHanization, with fervent zeal, but they were shunned by many of their more conservative coLLeagues. (zeal - zelo)
subsidiar
subsidize (ou subsidise)
- £50 would help to subsidize the training of an unemployed teenager.
- The refugEEs live in subsidizeD housing provided by the authorities. (housing - habitação)
- He raises the question as to wHetHer the fine arts should be subsidized by public funds.
caco, estilhaço, fragmento
shard
- Shards of glass have been cemented into the top of the wall to stop people climbing over.
- shards of glass/metal/poTTery
- We witness actions, confessions, and shards of a love story, but never long enough for them to coalesce into a grand narrative. (shard- fragmento! ; coaleSCe- amalgamar-se)
- Is it such a wonder, storytelling creatures that we are, that these shards should be assembled into fragile narratives?
superar
to be, or do something, better than someone else
outdo
(outdid ; outdone)
- He always tries to outdo everybody else in the class.
- He always tries to outdo his teaMMates.
- They outdid themselves in their kindness to one another and in their demonstrations of goodwill and charity towards the residents.
- Not to be outdone by their rival, Dottridge Brothers came up with some interesting designs too…
> to rise very quickly to a high level
to reach a great height
subir
- All night long fireworks [] into the sky.
- Temperatures will [] over the weekend, say the weather forecasters.
- House prices [] a further 20 percent.
- The highest peak in the range [] 15,771 feet into the sky.
- The cost advantage of producing in China has eroded in recent years as the country has become richer and wages have [] (wage - salário)
- Employment [] during the 90s, only to plunge by nearly a third in the bust. (plunge - mergulhar ; bust - contrário de um “boom”, período de baixa atividade econômica)
- Share prices have [] to a new all-time high in a day of frantic trading on the stock market. (frantic - frenético!)
- The popularity of such bands has [] in recent years.
- All across Europe, wherever you look, marriage is in decline and divorce rates are [].
soar
(“surge” é mov. rápido para frente e, não, p/ cima; mas funcionaria em mts casos)
- All night long fireworks soared into the sky.
- Temperatures will soar over the weekend, say the weather forecasters.
- House prices soared a further 20 percent.
- The highest peak in the range soars 15,771 feet into the sky. (range - cadeia (de montanhas, morros))
- The cost advantage of producing in China has eroded in recent years as the country has become richer and wages have soared (wage - salário) (~a vantagem erodiu~ (sem pronome))
- Employment soared during the 90s, only to plunge by nearly a third in the bust. (plunge - mergulhar ; bust - contrário de um “boom”, período de baixa atividade econômica)
- Share prices have soared to a new all-time high in a day of frantic trading on the stock market. (frantic - frenético! (C2))
- The popularity of such bands has soared in recent years.
- All across Europe, wherever you look, marriage is in decline and divorce rates are soaring.
o contrário de “boom” econômico
bust
- the dot-com/housing/oil bust
- Each of the previous booms in real house prices was followed by a bust.
- Employment soared during the 90s, only to plunge by nearly a third in the bust. (soar - subir mt ; plunge - “mergulhar”, despencar)
(mesma grafia de “busto” físico, feminino, estátua etc.)
> appearing to be something, especially when this is not true
according to the facts that you know
~apparently~
seemingly
- He remains confident and seemingly untroubled by his recent problems.
- The factory closure is seemingly inevitable.
- Seemingly, she’s gone to live with another man.
(seem - ~parecer~)
explosão = explodir
(ñ é “explode”, “burst” ou “blow”)
- 1949: atomic [] in Russia
- A tunnel was to be [] through the mountains.
- Their latest album [] (its way) up the charts (= moved very quickly because of its popularity).
- The [] had torn the building apart.
- These bomb [] suggest that the terrorists are (going) on the attack again
blast
(apareceu no TPS)
- 1949: atomic blast in Russia
- A tunnel was to be blasted through the mountains.
- Their latest album blasted (its way) up the charts (= moved very quickly because of its popularity).
- The blast had torn the building apart.
- These bomb blasts suggest that the terrorists are (going) on the attack again
estimativa = estimar
estimate (of)
(estimated estimated estimating)
- a conservative estimate
- a rough (= not exact) estimate
- The number of people who applied for the coUrse was 120 compared with an initial estimate of between 50 and 100.
- She made a rough estimate/calculation of the likely cost.
- Their estimate of the cost of the project was wildly inaCCurate. (wildly- descontrolada e extremamente; ≠widely)
- Government sources estimate a long-term 50 percent increase in rail fares. (tarifas rodoviárias)
very serious or extreme
(terrível)
- These people are in [] need of help.
- He gave a [] warNing that an earthquake was iMMinent.
- This decision will have [] consequences for local people.
- Becoming old and frail can be distressing; to be also isolated from relatives and friends seems []. ( frail- frágil ; distressing- angustiante )
- The potential longer-term effects on the global economy and those of individual countries are [].
dire
(terrível)
- These people are in dire need of help.
- He gave a dire warNing that an earthquake was iMMinent.
- This decision will have dire consequences for local people.
- Becoming old and frail can be distressing; to be also isolated from relatives and friends seems dire. ( frail- frágil ; distressing- angustiante )
- The potential longer-term effects on the global economy and those of individual countries are dire.
to ask someone in a formal way to do something
call on
(pedir, convocar)
- They’re calling on all men and boys over the age of 14 to join the army.
- I now call on everyone to raise a glass to the happy couple.
- Secretary-General calls on everyone to act together to aDDreSS this impact and lessen the blow to people.
roadmap
plano, ~roteiro~, ~itinerário~
(p levar projeto a cabo etc)
“a plan for how to achieve something”
- …signed a five-year roadmap for cooperation
- which also contained a roadmap to imprOve the functioning of the food supply chain.
- The European Roadmap on Research Infrastructures serves as an excellent basis for national roadmaps.
- It also endorsed a roadmap which sets out the priorities for further work on strengthening EU financial supervision, stability and regulation.
> roteiro é “script” ; itinerário é “itinerary”
desconfiança = desconfiar (2)
> mistrust
distrust
- I’ve always mistrusted politicians.
- mistrust of existing institutions.
- Their mistrust of lawyers remained with them long after the lawsuit was settled.
- Anyway, we learned to mistrust easy answers to problems without precedent.
- The two groups have existed in a state of mutual distrust for centuries.
- She has a (deep) distrust of the media.
- Many politicians are deeply distrusted by the electorate.
- Many Americans have a deep distrust of advertising.
> perfurar (q ñ drill)
> transpassar
pierce
- The needle pierces the fabric four times a second.
- a figure that looked at me with piercing eyes.
- I couldn’t wear these eaRRings because my ears aren’t pierced.
- The gun fires a shell capable of piercing the armour of an enemy tank. (shell, aqui, “projétil”)
- The hole they drilled pierces six kilometres into the earth’s crust.
- those “unspeakable crimes pierced the conscience of the world”
- However, in these battles, combatAnts experience one passion, fear of violent death, which pierces inflated egos, prompts rational deliberation, and inclines men to contract. (prompt - incita, estimula)
~reagir, responder, combater, revidar~
to react to something with an oPPosing oPiNion or action, or to defend yourself against something
counter (= a balcão!)
~reagir, responder, combater, revidar~
- After the government bombed their camp, the reBels countered with an attack on the capital.
- When criticisms were made of the school’s performance, the parents’ group countered with details of its exam results.
- Extra police have been moved into the area to counter the risk of violence. (conter)
- the United States assembled and led a coalition of dozens of countries to counter the spread of the disease
- Mr. MB urged everyone to “counter hatred in all its manifestations” (combater)(hatred=hate)
to formally praise someone or something:
commend
- The judge commended her for/on her bravery.
- For a low-budget film, it has much to commend it (= it deserves praise).
- It says on the back cover of the book “highly commended”.
- But, with that caveat, I would like to say how much we commend this report on its content and how seriously we take it.
- “I commend all Rwandan troops deployed to United Nations peacekeeping missions around the world”, he emphasized.
> mergulhar, cair; diminuir
mergulho; queda, diminuição
(Eng e Fr)
plunge
(fr: plonger)
- The fall in demand caused share prices to plunge.
- Our income has plunged draMatically.
- We ran down to the beach and plunged into the sea.
- The car went out of control and plunged over the cliff. (cliff - penhasco)
- Cook the peas by plunging them into boiling water.
- Niagara Falls plunges 55.5 metres.
- Bolsonaro na pandemia: Last weekend, he acted on his words, plunging into a crowd and repeatedly kissing a baby.
- Employment soared during the 90s, only to plunge by nearly a third in the bust. (soar- aum mt ; bust- contrário de um “boom”)
- Trade set to plunge as COVID-19 pandemic upends global economy (trade - comércio; upend - virar)
to give something as an honor or present
formal
bestow (formal)
(conceder, condecorar, outorgar, agraciar, conferir )
- The country’s highest medal was bestowed upon him for heroism.
- The George Cross is a decoration that is bestowed upon/on British civilians for acts of great bravery.
- Authority to write concluding narratives is bestowed upon experts, often aNonymous ones, with the implication of objectivity and detachment (aNonymous; mas, aNNoying)
-… his own father legitimized him and bestowed his own family name of Hitler on his son.
- I would be opposed to any proposal to bestow economic governance powers on the EU in the context of the forthcoming Treaty revision
- Copper coinage was the domestic currency that hitherto had enjoyed a credibility bestowed by its official acceptance. (hitherto - até então - NÃO É USADO, não causa boa impressão. NÃO USAR)
> pretender (formal)
teor, significado, pretensão, finalidade (formal)
- They [] represent the wishes of the majority of parents at the school.
- This document does not [] cover all possible options
- The study [] show an increase in the incidence of the disease.
- A Europe that tolerates any kind of discrimination cannot [] be an example to anyone.
- The tape recording [] be of a conversation between the princess and a secret admirer.
- The story [] explain the origin of the game of chess.
- In so doing, we risk creating the very thing we [] fear: an Islamist state (dizemos, alegamos; pretensamente)
- I didn’t read it all but I think the [] of the letter was that he will not be returning for at least a year.
- references to brand names may be used, on condition that they have no laudatory [] and are not such as to mislead the purchaser. (teor)
- In the event of an adverse decision, they must be informed of the main [] of the decision and…
purport (to)
> purported - pretenso, suposto
> purportedly - supostamente;
- They purport to represent the wishes of the majority of parents at the school.
- This document does not purport to cover all possible options
- The study purports to show an increase in the incidence of the disease.
- A Europe that tolerates any kind of discrimination cannot purport to be an example to anyone.
- The tape recording purports to be of a conversation between the princess and a secret admirer.
- The story purports to explain the origin of the game of chess.
- In so doing, we risk creating the very thing we purport to fear: an Islamist state (dizemos, alegamos; pretensamente)
- I didn’t read it all but I think the purport of the letter was that he will not be returning for at least a year.
- references to brand names may be used, on condition that they have no laudatory purport and are not such as to mislead the purchaser. (teor) (laudatory - laudatório, que louva)
- In the event of an adverse decision, they must be informed of the main purport of the decision and…
- The study purportedly found that men married to smart women live longer.
- When viewed this way, some of the purportedly tough cases are not tough at all.
- (dos Sudetos) Adolf Hitler justified the invasion by the purported suffering of the ethnic Germans living in these regions
embarcação (formal)
vessel - a cargo/fishing/naval vessel (cargo vessel - navio de carga) - a patrol/sailing/supply vessel - RefugEEs are making hazardous journeys in unsafe vessels. (hazardous - perigosa)
the time at which a change or an effect cannot be stopped
~ponto de inflexão~
~ponto de retorno~
tipping point
- The earth has already passed the tipping point in terms of global warming.
- But the coronavirus crisis could mark a tipping point that prompts many businesses to remodel their supply chains and invest in more resilient and often more local paTTerns of production. (prompt - levar, incitar, impelir)
traseiro, relatiovo à parte de trás
rear
- There’s a sticker on the rear door/window.
- The horse had injured one of its rear legs.
- We walked round to the rear of the house.
- Two police motorcyclists brought up the rear (= formed the last part) of the demonstration. (noun)
- Always check your rear view mirror before you overtake another car. (overtake - ultrapassar)
> the unpleasant results or effects of an action or event (“implications”, consequências)
the radioactive dust in the air after a nuclear explosion
- The political [] of the revelations has been immense.
-The [] from the banking crisis has been global.
(banking (noun)- serviços bancários) - Even if Western leaders manage to limit the COVID-19 outbreak’s short-term [],…
fallout
- The political fallout of the revelations has been immense.
-The fallout from the banking crisis has been global.
(banking (noun)- serviços bancários)
- Even if Western leaders manage to limit the COVID-19 outbreak’s short-term fallout,…
> iminente, que paira, que se aproxima
- the [] crisis
- With the future-status question [], UNMIK should be looking to reduce its presence and to hand increasing responsibilities to the European Union. (pairando)
- The problems arising from the growth in road traffic are [] ever larger in our daily lives and are impairing the quality of life of everyone. (impair - prejudicar!!)
looming
(Ñ confundir com lurking)
- the looming crisis
- With the future-status question looming, UNMIK should be looking to reduce its presence and to hand increasing responsibilities to the European Union. (pairando)
- As famines of ‘biblical proportion’ loom, Security Council urged to ‘act fast’ (famine- fome ; loom - ~aproximar-se~)
- The problems arising from the growth in road traffic are looming ever larger in our daily lives and are impairing the quality of life of everyone. (impair - prejudicar!!)
lifeline
boia de resgate, salva-vidas
(mt usado fig)
~tábua de salvação~
- WFP currently offers a lifeline to nearly 100 million people – up from about 80 million just a few years ago.
- For diplomats from some of the world’s far-flung and poorer countries, virtual conferences have been a lifeline in climate negoTiations for more than a decade. (far-flung - longínquo)
- We have thus stemmed the flow of money financing acts of terror, the lifeline without which international terrorism cannot survive. (stem- estancar) (google: tábua de salvação)
- Moreover, we should not make it more diFFicult for them to drive cars, which are, for very many older people, simply a lifeline.
amalgamar-se (formal)
- The theory is that galaxies [] from smaller groupings of stars.
- Far from representing a global movement [] around common demands,…
- We witness actions, confessions, and shards of a love story, but never long enough for them to [] into a grand narrative. (shard- fragmento (lit e fig))
- …that will be the time limit for closed national markets to [] into a united European market in this sector.
coaleSCe
(coalesced, coalescing)
- The theory is that galaxies coalesced from smaller groupings of stars.
- Far from representing a global movement coalescing around common demands,…
- We witness actions, confessions, and shards of a love story, but never long enough for them to coalesce into a grand narrative. (shard- fragmento (lit e fig))
- …that will be the time limit for closed national markets to coalesce into a united European market in this sector.
to refuse to give something or to keep back something
> reter, ocultar, esconder
withhold (2 Hs!)
- to withhold information/support
- During the trial, the prosecution was accused of withholding crucial evidence from the defence. (prosecution - acusação)
- Police are withholding the dead woman’s name until her relatives have been informed.
- She withheld her rent until the landlord agreed to have the repairs done.
- The government is planning to withhold benefit payments from single mothers who refuse to name the father of their child.
Por um lado… Por outro… (maõs…)
> On THE one hand.. On the other HAND
tem que ter o “the” no primeiro e é mt recomendável botar o “hand” no segundo
Mtas vezes vêm em frases separadas
crucial + [preposições]
- This is seen as crucial [] attracting people away from the current
- The next few months will be crucial [] determining Eurotunnel’s future
- A process called flotation is crucial [] obtaining very small particles of tin oxide from
- the distinction between helping and hindering is crucial [] an understanding of neutrality, as
- a summit meeting crucial [] the future of the peace process.
- Control of spending was crucial [] the government’s strategy because it wanted to cut governmental borrowing and taxes.
> crucial + IN + verb ing
crucial + to + smthg
(em geral)
- This is seen as crucial in attracting people away from the current…
- The next few months will be crucial in determining Eurotunnel’s future
- A process called flotation is crucial in obtaining very small particles of tin oxide from
- the distinction between helping and hindering is crucial to an understanding of neutrality, as
- a summit meeting crucial to the future of the peace process.
- Control of spending was crucial to the government’s strategy because it wanted to cut governmental borrowing and taxes.
allied [PREP]
- It takes a lot of enthusiasm, allied [] a love of children, to make a good teacher.
allied with/to
- It takes a lot of enthusiasm, allied with/to a love of children, to make a good teacher.
- nationalist tradition has always tended to be allied to republicanism, especially in the period 1913 to 1930
- Pain is usually allied to behaviour which will protect injured parts and provide better conditions for local recovery.
- It allies itself with no political party, no outside cause.
- The State allied with different segments of the population against the rest, all the time increasing its control, until it had funds sufficient to exercise direct coercion.
> annoyed [PREP] someone
> annoyed [PREP] something
> annoyed WITH someone
annoyed AT something
- We were really pretty annoyed with him.
- `No you can’t,’ she said, getting annoyed with him.
- He was annoyed with Myeloski.
- She was annoyed with herself for not stating openly what was really worrying her.
- Nanny huffed the way she always did when she was annoyed at something. (huff (informal) falar irritada e ofendidamente)
- He came last week,’ Alida said, annoyed at not being believed.
- He was annoyed at being caught in the wrong.
He was getting bored [PREP(2)] doing the same thing every day.
He was getting bored with/of doing the same thing every day.
In a month you’ll be bored with your job.
consequente, seguinte, “que se seguiu” (1 palavra)
- An argument broke out and in the [] fight, a gun went off. (go off - disparar)
- He lost his job and in the [] months became more and more depressed.
- In the [] decades he specialized in neurology.
- [] tests disclosed an irregular heartbeat. (disclose - revelar)
- In the [] year business improved.
ensuing
- An argument broke out and in the ensuing fight, a gun went off. (go off - disparar)
- He lost his job and in the ensuing months became more and more depressed.
- In the ensuing decades he specialized in neurology.
- Ensuing tests disclosed an irregular heartbeat. (disclose - (formal) - revelar; publicizar)
- In the ensuing year business improved.
dissuadir + dissuasor/dissuasivo
- The large dog [] trespassers from entering. (trespasser - invasor)
- These measures are designed to [] an enemy attack.
- High prices are [] many young people from buying houses.
- In fact, adding still more sanctions now could make Iran feel even more vulnerable, giving it still more reason to seek the protection of the ultimate []. (K Waltz)
- a nuclear []
- Tougher prison sentences may act/serve as a [] to other would-be offenders.
- Drink-driving is one case where severe punishment seems to work as a []
- As a [], they have imposed a heavy fine for late payment.
- However, price and negative attitudes were the main [] for non-organic consumers.
- People began to wonder if a nuclear [] was necessary anymore.
> deter (discourage tbm)
deterrent
- The large dog deterred trespassers from entering. (trespasser - invasor)
- These measures are designed to deter an enemy attack.
- In fact, adding still more sanctions now could make Iran feel even more vulnerable, giving it still more reason to seek the protection of the ultimate deterrent. (K Waltz)
- High prices are deterring many young people from buying houses.
- a nuclear deterrent
- Tougher prison sentences may act/serve as a deterrent to other would-be offenders.
- Drink-driving is one case where severe punishment seems to work as a deterrent.
- As a deterrent, they have imposed a heavy fine for late payment.
- However, price and negative attitudes were the main deterrents for non-organic consumers.
- People began to wonder if a nuclear deterrent was necessary anymore.
bulwark (formal)
> baluarte (fortaleza); proteção (contra algo)
____ - (of sth) (against sth)
- NATO developed as a bulwark against Soviet aggression in the early postwar period
- My savings were to be a bulwark against unemployment.
- This view is sometimes dogmatically defended, as if it were a bulwark of rational science against rank superstition. (rank - ~completo~(enfatizando coisas negativas)
- The new dam was a bulwark against future floods.
> to disturb or irritate
perturbar, agitar, assolar?
~~revirar~~
- Data shows depression and anxiety already [] the nation.
- to be [] by a delay.
- Fears about Japan [] world financial markets last week.
- The immigration debate has [] the country for more than a year.
- Devoted partisans can use it to disrupt government, to [] ordinary politics, to undermine policies they do not like, even to seek political revenge.
- A massive tower of smoke [] skyward. (em direção ao céu)
- Fierce winds [] the sea.
roil
- Data shows depression and anxiety already roiling the nation.
- to be roiled by a delay.
- Fears about Japan roiled world financial markets last week.
- The immigration debate has roiled the country for more than a year.
- Devoted partisans can use it to disrupt government, to roil ordinary politics, to undermine policies they do not like, even to seek political revenge.
- A massive tower of smoke roiled skyward. (em direção ao céu)
- Fierce winds roiled the sea. (fierce - feroz) (agitavam)
> to cause a fire to start burning by lighting paper, wood, etc.
inflamar, incendiar (figurativamente)
excitar; estimular; avivar
kindle
- Her imagination was kindled by the exciting stories her grandmother told her.
- to kindle a fire.
- The wood did not kindle easily.
- Happiness kindled her eyes.
- the project kindled his interest
- If we are able to kindle a dialogue and spark a process in Montreal, it will be a real and substantial achievement
- It is tragic that if a fraction of the effort made by the United States and the United Kingdom to kindle their support for war had been put into bringing peace in the Middle East, we would live in a much safer and more peaceful world.
desaceleração
- the continuing economic []
- There is evidence of a [] in the housing market.
- a [] in car sales
- Thousands of workers have lost their jobs in the economic []
- The company saw a [] in sales over the last six months.
- data collected after natural disasters, terrorist attacks and economic [] show a likely increase in suicides, overdose deaths and substance use disorders.
downturn
(downswing tbm)
- the continuing economic downturn
- There is evidence of a downturn in the housing market.
- a downturn in car sales
- Thousands of workers have lost their jobs in the economic downturn.
- The company saw a downturn in sales over the last six months.
- data collected after natural disasters, terrorist attacks and economic downturns show a likely increase in suicides, overdose deaths and substance use disorders.
> brace (noun)
> brace (verb)
> something that supports, fastens, or strengthens
> botar algo para dar suporte
to prepare (oneself) for something unpleasant
- (braces = aparelho fixo)
- He was recently fitted with a brace for his bad back.
- He braced the sagging wall with a piece of wood. (sagging (sag) - que está caindo, afundando, envergando)
- The side wall of the old house was braced with a wooden support.
- He braces himself when the ship rolls.
- couldn’t brake in time and braced herself for the crash.
- Brace yourself for some bad news.
- The weather forecasters told us to brace ourselves for a heavy storm.
- Just as the country took drastic steps to prevent hospitals from being overwhelmed by infections, experts say, it needs to brace for the coming wave of behavioral health needs (itself?)
> um par (de pássaros)
carnificina, morticínio
- The Battle of Gettysburg was a scene of dreadful [].
- horrifying [] in the city after the bombing.
- And it receives scant attention compared with the disease, even though it, too, wreaks [], devastates families, harms and kills. (scant - escassa, insuficiente; wreak - traz/causa (destruição, coisas ruins)
carnage
- The Battle of Gettysburg was a scene of dreadful carnage.
- horrifying carnage in the city after the bombing.
- And it receives scant attention compared with the disease, even though it, too, wreaks carnage, devastates families, harms and kills. (scant - escassa, insuficiente; wreak - traz/causa (destruição, coisas ruins)
trazer, infligir, causar (violentamente) (coisas ruins) (formal)
- The recent storms have [] havoc on crops.
- The storm [] damage on the whole coastline.
- She was determined to [] revenge/vengeance on both him and his family.
- He [] his anger on the office staff.
- Uncontrolled financial markets continue to [] one disaster after another.
- Changes in the climate have [] havoc with the region’s usual weather pattern.
- Alarmists feared that the world’s population explosion would [] environmental and economic havoc.
wreak (formal) (SEM C!)
(passados: wreaked ou wrought)
(Ñ confundir com wreck - destruir)
- The recent storms have wreaked havoc on crops.
- The storm wreaked damage on the whole coAstline.
- She was determined to wreak revenge/vengeance on both him and his family.
- He wreaked his anger on the office staff.
- Uncontrolled financial markets continue to wreak one disaster after another.
- Changes in the climate have wreaked/wrought havoc with the region’s usual weather pattern.
- Alarmists feared that the world’s population explosion would wreak environmental and economic havoc.
> to avoid doing or stop yourself from doing something
~abster-se de algo~
(formal)
refrain from (formal)
(= “refrão” e frase que se repete)
- We refrained from talkING until we knew that it was safe.
- Suicide experts and prevention groups have deliberately refrained from discussING too widely death projections
- The sign on the wall said “Please refrain from smokING.”
- Can we please refrain from laughING?
- He refrained from askING any questions.
- I refrained from telling him what I thought.
> proeminente
> proeminentemente
> prominent
prominently
(p substituir importante!)
- The government should be playing a more prominent role in promoting human rights.
- She is likely to play a prominent part in the forthcoming election campaign.
- a prominent concern
- a prominent Democrat
- a prominent member of the Saudi royal family
- New books are displayed in a prominent position on tables at the front of the store.
- A photograph of her daughter was prominently displayed on her desk.
- The newspaper featured the apology prominently on page 1.
- I left the book lying around with a bookmark protruding prominently from the last chapter. (protrude - sobresair)
> raiva = surgir/acontecer/perdurar com violência, fortemente
rage
- Arguments rage over privatisation.
- The storm raged outside.
- A flu epidemic is raging in/through local schools.
- The argument rages on (= continues strongly).
- As the argument has raged, the United States has tightened its already robust sanctions regime against the Islamic Republic
- There is no point in raging against your circumstances if you are powerless to do anything about them.
- Arguments raged, in particular, over the future of Poland, the first major state which the Red Army entered.
> to make an urgent, emotional statement or request for something
to say something as an excuse or explanation
> to make a statement of what you believe to be true, especially in support of something or someone or when someone has been accused in a law court
- He was on his knees, [] for mercy/forgiveness.
- to [] for more time.
- She appeared on television to [] for help in finding her child.
- “Give us more time,” they [].
- Her voice was breaking with emotion as she [] for her child’s return.
- The prisoners [] for mercy.
- She left early, [] pressure of work.
- He [] ignorance of the law.
plead (for)
(pleaded=pled; pleaded=pled)
(não confundir com pledge - jurar)
- He was on his knees, pleading for mercy/forgiveness.
- to plead for more time.
- She appeared on television to plead for help in finding her child.
- She appeared on television to plead with the kidnappers.
- “Give us more time,” they pleaded. (imploraram)
- Her voice was breaking with emotion as she pleaded for her child’s return.
- In a joint letter Wednesday, leaders in mental health and substance abuse treatment pleaded for the Trump administration’s help
- The prisoners pleaded for mercy.
- She left early, pleading pressure of work.
- He pleaded ignorance of the law.
recurso (Eng e Fr) (como matéria-prima etc)
Eng - resource
Fr - reSSource
> plainly seen or felt; obvious
> capable of being touched or felt; tangible
palpable
- Her disgust was palpable when her former boyfriend walked in.
- a story that was palpably untrue[
- a palpable lie; palpable absurdity.
- The tension in the room was palpable during the exam.
- Although the United States, the EU, and Iran have recently returned to the negotiating table, a palpable sense of crisis still looms (loom - paira)
play a role [PREP]
play a role IN
- The farmers’ wives played an active role in Germany particularly if there were dairy cows or other stock (stock - animals, such as cows or sheep, kept on a farm)
- The British Section refugee office has played a leading role in this area of work, processing some 4,000 cases since 1980.
- voluntary and private sectors must play a bigger role in the provision of care.
> cova, fosso, escavação
a large hole in the ground, or a slightly low area in any surface
an area of land from which a natural substance is taken by digging (~~mina~~)
semente quando é grande
pit
- they’d dug a shallow pit and left the bodies in it. (dig dug dug)
- These pits in my skin are from when I had chickenpox.
- a gravel /chalk pit
- The plumber climbed *down the inspection pit. (“poço”, segundo google)
- They had to dig a six-foot deep pit to sink the sewage pipes. (sewage - esgoto)
- avocados, peaches, plums, and olives all contain pits. (plum- ameixa)
esquema
scheme
- The scheme is devised for young people in the 15 - 20 age band.
- Class sizes will increase under the new scheme.
- Schemed a way to avoid the work.
- The scheme was launched a year ago.
razão (Eng e Fr)
> reason
raison (Fr)
- The reason for the disaster was engine failure, not human error.
- The police have (every good) reason to believe that he is guilty.
- For some reason/For reasons best known to himself (= for reasons no one else knows about) he’s decided to leave his job.
- He was consulted about the problem by reason of his long experience. (because of)
- We can wear anything we like to the office, within reason.
- Newton reasoned (that) there must be a force such as gravity
- I spent hours reasoning out the solution to the puzzle.
corredor (de casa etc) (2)
> corridor
hallway, hall
- Her office is at the end of the corridor.
- We crept slowly along the darkened corridor. (creep - mover-se devagar, lenta e silenciosamente p/ não ser notado)
- Her office is just down the hall.
- She lived just down the hall from me.
com fome x “morrendo” de fome
> hungry
starving
- The cats were neglected and starving. (neglected como adj)
- There are too many hungry people (= people without enough to eat) in the world.
- The baby had a feed an hour ago, so she can’t be hungry.
- When our cat is hungry, she starts clawing at my legs. (claw (verb.) - (animal) arranhar))
rir = risada
laugh
- They laughed at her jokes.
- It was so funny, I burst out laughing (= laughed suddenly and loudly).
- When he laughs he sounds like a horse neighing (neigh - relinchar)
porta
door
> traição
+
trair
(+ traição ao país)
> betrayal
betray
(he betrays, betrayed, betraying)
(treason é só para seu país)
- At that point we feared betrayal more than anything else.
- For years they betrayed the UK’s secrets to Russia. (algo a alguém!)
- The president has been accused of betraying his election promises.
- By staying out so late, they have betrayed my trust (= disappointed me because I had trusted them not to).
- If he is nervous on stage, he does not betray it. (!)
- The nervousness on her face betrays her insecurity. (!)
- Although she often seems quite cold, her smiling eyes betray her true nature.
- In 1606 Guy Fawkes was executed for treason.
- In 1807, Burr was arrested and tried for treason, but he was acquitted.
vale
valley
- Silicon Valley
- There was snow on the hill tops but not in the valley.
- A whole valley was drowned when the river was dammed. (drown, aqui, submerso; dam, aqui, represado)
- The path descended steeply into the valley.
> to have enough money or time to buy, keep, or do something
> substituto para “give”
aFFord
> substituindo “give” é formal
- The hut afforded (gave) little protection from the elements. (hut - construção simples c 1 só cômodo)
- Her seat afforded (gave) her an uninterrupted view of the stage.
- The sale afforded (gave) the stockholders a profit.
- to afford great pleasure to someone.
- The records afford no explanation.
- The country can’t afford another drought (drought - seca)
- We couldn’t afford to pay the lawyer’s fee. (fee - honorário, taxa)
europeu (Eng x Fr)
> European
> EuroPPéEn(ne)
sort out
> resolver
separar, escolher de um grupo
organizar
- it took a long time to sort out the mess
- Her financial records are a mess, but we’ll sort them out.
- Industry groups say that the market will sort this out itself.
- he sorted out the most likely ones
- Sort out any clothes you want to throw away and give them to me.
torre
tower
(tbm server como verbo:
- We turned the corner and there was the cathedral, towering in front of us.
- The mountains towered above us.)
balão
balloon
- We tied balloons and streamers to the ceiling ready for the party. (streamer - fita decorativa)
- People first flew in a balloon in 1783.
torneio
tournament
- a tennis/chess/golf tournament
gotícula
droplet
- tiny water droplets.
(“drop” é gota)
tossir = tosse
cough
- I coughed all night long.
- a dry cough
sussurrar, cochichar = sussurro, cochicho
whisper
- They’re the couple in the corner, whispering sweet nothings to each other.
espirrar
sneeze
- He has all the classic symptoms of a cold - the cOUghs and sneezes and the sore throat.
- Cats make him sneeze - I think he’s allergic to them.
- My nose is tickling, I think I’m going to sneeze. (tickle - ~estar coçando~ (e “fazer cócegas”)
- He sneezed loudly into his hankie. (hankie - lenço)
- She handed me a tissue just as I sneezed.
programa
program = programme
- a training program
- What’s your favorite program? (de TV ou rádio)
- It’s one of those arts programmes late at night.
- It’s my favourite TV programme - I never miss an episode.
- I looked in the programme to find out the actor’s name.
(“programador” é “prograMMer”)
panela = pote
> any of different types of containers, with or without a lid, especially for storing food or liquids
(lid = tampa)
pot
(“pan” tbm é panela)
- Fill a large pot with salted water and bring it to the boil.
- a pot of cream/jam/paint/ink
- a coffee pot
- He’s got a few plants in pots on the windowsill. (windowsill - parapeito da janela)
parapeito da janela
windowsill
(ou apenas “sill”)
sill - “a flat piece of wood, stone, etc. that forms the base of a window or door”
- The living quarters of his household cluster consisted of seven rooms of which the floors and windowsills were made of concrete.
- She leaned on the sill and looked out through the open window.
“a maioria das pessoas”
“most of the people” serve
- Most of the people with coronavirus came from Italy or are related to someone who returned from Italy.
distorcer
distort
(skew tbm p/ alguns casos)
- The map distorted Greenland to appear four times its actual size.
- a distorting mirror
- The survey methods can distort reality.
ataque = atacar (ortografia)
aTTack
ameaçar
threaten
- They threatened the shopkeeper with a gun.
- Changing patterns of agriculture are threatening the countryside.
ailment
> an illness or health problem
- a respiratory/stomach ailment
- Treat minor ailments yourself.
- Almost 40% of interviewees indicated that they were consulting about a minor ailment.
interruptor = troca = mudar
switch
- Flip a switch and the coffee makes itself.
- Can you flip the switch?
- You turn the television on by flipping the switch at the side.
- The switch to new accounting software greatly imprOved the organization’s bookkeeping. (improve- 1 “o” só)
- switch the TV off/on
- In 1971, Britain switched over (= changed completely) to a decimal currency.
- After the bank roBBery, the gang switched cars (= left one car and got into another).
Arrastar
> to move something by pulling it along a surface, usually the ground
> to make someone go somewhere they do not want to go
> If something such as a film or performance *, it seems to go slowly because it is boring
drag (dragged, dragging)
- Pick the chair up instead of dragging it behind you!
- She dragged the canoe down to the water.
- I really had to drag myself out of bed this morning.
- Thousands of turtles drag themselves onto the beach and lay their eggs in the sand.
- She’s always dragging sex into the conversation.
- The first half of the movie was interesting but the second half dragged (on).
- (Dragar) They found the man’s body after dragging the canal.
an annoyance makes someone: []
annoyed (com y!)
ciência + cientista
science + scientist
vizinhança (ortografia)
neighborhood=neighbourhood
morder
bite - bit - bitten
biting
- He bit into the apple
- He bites his fingernails.
- An insect bit me on the arm.
- Higher mortgage rates are beginning to bite.(to have a bad or unpleasant effect)
- a biting wind (adj)
vender e seus passados
sell - sold - sold
- We’ll be selling the tickets at/for £50 each.
- How much does the phone sell for? (por quanto é vendido)
- My boss is very old-fashioned and I’m having a lot of trouble selling the idea of working at home occasionally.
- The filmmakers sold me on the idea that my book would work on the screen.
- The chance of greater access to European markets would help sell the president the plan/sell the plan to the president.
acusar
accuse
- “It wasn’t my fault.” “Don’t worry, I’m not accusing you.”
- He’s been accused of robbery/murder
- Are you accusing me of lying?
- The surgeon was accused of negligence.
- The government stands accused of eroding freedom of speech.
imediato
immediate
- We must make an immediate response.
- There are few facilities in the immediate area.
- The public has demanded his immediate resignation.
Compound modifier "long-term contract" "well-known actress" "little-known actress" "one-way street"
com hífen exceto qnd impossível ter outro sentido, confundir
……- p.e. qnd o 1º termo é advérbio que termina com “ly” (p.e.: “hotly disputed subject”, “a distantly related celebrity”, “a greatly improved scheme”)
não precisa ter adjetivo
ex.:
“heavy metal detector” -> um detector de metal que é pesado
“heavy-metal detector” -> detecta metais pesado
apartamento
+
separado, em 2 (tear smth [])
(ortografias)
apartment
+
apart
(1 P só!)
verdade
x
trégua
truth
x
truce
- You cannot question the truth of his alibi.
- And yet what he says contains at least a grain of (= a small amount of) truth.
- After years of rivalry the two companies have agreed (US agreed to) a truce.
- Following last month’s riots, two of the city’s biggest gangs have finally declared a truce, ending years of bloodshed.
anônimo(a)
anonimamente
anonymous
anonymously
1 N SÓ!!!!!!!!
encolher e seus passados
não é wilt ou wither
shrink; shrank; shrunk
(qnd usado para “psiquiatra” é INFORMAL)
- The company’s profits have shrunk from $5.5 million to $1.25 million.
- Your sweater will shrink if you wash it at too high a temperature.
- The child shrank behind the sofa as his father shouted at him.
- When she was younger she would shrink (away) from me whenever I spoke to her.
cair e passadas
fall - fell - fallen
- I fell down the stairs and injured my back.
- fallen leaves
- a statue in memory of the fallen (formal - soldiers who have died in a war)
sitiar
besiege
- The town had been besieged for two months but still resisted the aggressors.
- When the pop star tried to leave her hotel, she was besieged by waiting journalists and fans.
> enredar, emaranhar
x
desembaraçar
enredar, emaranhar - entangle
desembaraçar - untangle
(snarl - embaraçar (e.o.))
- The dolphin had become entangled in/with the fishing nets.
- She seems to be romantically entangled with some artist in Rome.
- I spent ages trying to untangle Rosie’s hair.
- It took years to untangle the legal complexities of the case.
- The difficulty lies in untangling the workings of the motivational factors from the experimental ones, when it comes to understanding observed or reported effects.
linha (de costura); fio
thread
- needle and thread
- loose threads
- untangle: to remove the knots from an untidy mass of string, wire, etc. and separate the different threads
- A thin thread of light made its way through the curtains.
- The sound distracted me and I lost the thread of (= forgot) what I was saying.
- One of the main threads of the film is the development of the relationship between the boy and his uncle.
= (~um fórum na internet~) I was so glad to find this thread, and to know that lots of people have the same problem as me!
arrumado, asseado
tidy
(tbm é verbo)
(tbm é “large”)
(“neat” tbm)
- The house was clean and tidy.
- My flatmate isn’t very tidy.
- neat and tidy
- a tidy solution
- I’m tired of asking you to tidy your room (up).
- Have you tidied up yet, kids?
- He made a tidy sum/profit.
- Your house is always so neat - how do you manage it?
- She likes everything neat and tidy.
- You have such neat handwriting. (ex. do dicionário)
peregrino
pilgrim
bocejar
yawn
- I can’t stop yawning - I must be tired.
- Her eyes watered as she tried to stifle (= stop) a yawn.
- She yawned, covering her mouth with her hand.
mangueira (de água)
hose
- a garden/fire hose
- (como verbo!) He was covered in mud so we hosed him down.
- (como verbo!) They have to hose down the streets.
to surprise or shock someone very much
- Considering how badly they’re paid and what little support they get, the dedication of these teachers []s me.
astound
- Considering how badly they’re paid and what little support they get, the dedication of these teachers astounds me.
- Its policies of that period are credited for its astounding economic growth.
padrão
pattern
- A pattern is beginning to emerge from our analysis of the accident data.
- In this type of mental illness, the usual pattern is bouts of depression alternating with elation. (bout - a short period of illness or involvement in an activity) (elation - euforia)
- Look, the frost has made a beautiful pattern on the window. (frost - geada)
- The curtains had a floral pattern.
- a rose and black patterned skirt
jantar (noun x verb)
noun - diNNer
verb - diNe (formal)
- a romantic candlelit dinner
- Conversation around the dinner table was always lively.
- I hate dining alone.
- We dined by candlelight.
- This evening we’ll be dining out
rosnar
embaraçar
to become twisted together and difficult to separate; to make something become twisted together
=
an untidy mass of things that are twisted together
snarl
- The dogs started to snarl at each other so I had to seParate them.
- “Go to hell!”, he snarled.
- That old brush will snarl your hair.
- She tried to comb the snarls out of her daughter’s long hair. (snarls, aqui, “maranha”; tentou desemaranhar)
- a snarl of blankets on the bed (emaranhado)
(obs.: desembaraçar - untangle)
recurso (ortografia)
resourCe
- The country’s greatest resource is the dedication of its workers.
- Britain’s mineral resources include coal and gas deposits.
- (verbo) The school must be properly resourced with musical instruments and audio equipment.
- if I [] a boy
- if I [] your best friend
- if I WERE a boy
- If I WERE your best friend
…..- o 50 cent canta errado
situação hipotética -> were p/ qualquer pessoa
- If I were a rich man, I would make more charitable donations.
- If he were here right now, he would help us.
> Mas situações que aconteceram:
- If I was rude to you, I apologize.
“significar” e passados
+ seus outros usos
mean meant meant
- If you don’t know what the word means, look it up in a dictionary.
- When he said three o’clock, I thought he meant in the afternoon.
> =intend
- I’m sorry if I offended you - I didn’t mean any harm.
- I’ve been meaning to call you all week.
- They didn’t mean for her to read the letter.
- These batteries are meant to last for a year
- You are meant to rub the medicine on the affected area, not swallow it.
- It wasn’t a valuable picture but it meant a lot to me.
(tbm é mau; mesquinho; e nº médio/ a média!!!
- Their mean weight was 76.4 kilos.
- The mean of 5, 4, 10, and 15 is 8.5.
- (formal) ~meio-termo~,~média~, ~equilíbrio~ We need to find a mean between test questions that are too difficult and those that are too easy.
gemer = gemido
moan
(moaned; moaned; moaning)
- He moaned with pain before losing consciousness.
- “Let me die,” he moaned.
- We could hear someone moaning within the rubble of the collapsed building. (rubble-destroços, pedregulho)
ortografias:
consumidor
x
verão
consuMer
x
summer
(mas commerce)
- The new rates will affect all consumers, including businesses.
- Last summer they went to Australia, and two summers ago they went to Brazil.
- Agricultural companies have failed to convince consumers that GM foods are safe.
encher, preencher (ortografia)
fill (2Ls)
- I filled the bucket with water. (bucket - balde)
- The prospect of spending three whole days with her fills me with horror. (prospect - perspectiva)
ortografias:
população
+
popular
population
popular
People [passando por (1 palavra)] stress can try to manage it by experimenting with relaxation techniques.
experiencing - experience
(= experiência)
(≠ “experimentar” de fazer testes “experiment))
- People experiencing stress can try to manage it by experimenting with relaxation techniques.
- We experienced a lot of difficulty in selling our house.
- New companies often experience a loss in their first few years.
- She began to experience sharp pains in her elbow.
interferir
interfere
> negativamente - with
- Even a low level of noise interferes with my concentration.
- Interfering in other people’s arguments is always a mistake.
- It’s their problem and I’m not going to interfere.
- I’d never interfere between (US with) a husband and wife.
- Interfering in other people’s relationships is always a mistake.
rebelde
x
rebelião
rebel
(+ 2Ls no verbo conjugado: rebelled, rebelling)
x
rebeLLion
- The rebels took over the capital and set up a new government.
- rebel troops/fighters
- He was a rebel when he was a teenager and dyed his hair pink. (dye - tingir ≠ die (apesar de dying (≠ dyeing ))
- The government has brutally crushed the rebellion.
tampa
lid
- Can you get the lid off this jar? (tirar a tampa)
- Put a lid on the saucepan.
> an eyelid (= either of the two pieces of skin that can close over each eye)
- She looked at him from under half-closed lids.
cavar e passados
dig dug dug
digging
- Digging (in) the garden is good exercise.
- The tunnel was dug with the aid of heavy machiNery
- He dug into his pocket and took out a few coins.
- As I dug deeper into his past (= found out more about it), I realized that there was a lot about this man that I didn’t know.
critério (+plural)
criterion (singular)
criteria (aparece bem mais)
…….- atenção na tradução: é plural!
- Pay is a very important criterion for job satisfaction.
- The Health Service should not be judged by financial criteria alone.
hábito
x
habilidade
habit
x
ability
cem (ortografia)
hundrEd (só “e” ali)
- a sudden hundredfold increase
envolver
sentido não físico
involve
The second accident involved two cars and a lorry. (lorry - caminhão)
(ortografias)
reportar
relatório (com radical de reportar)
reporter
rePort =
rePort
rePorTer
(tbm tem sentido de reclamar de algo perante autoridade)
- My neighbours reported me to the police for firing my rifle in the garden. (fire - firing)
inchar
swell
(swelled swelled=swollen)
- After a harsh police crackdown last week fueled anger and swelled protests, President Dilma Rousseff… (President antes do nome (título) -> maiúscula)
- It was obvious she had broken her toe, because it immediately started to swell (up). (“toe” é qualquer dedo do pé! Dedão é “big toe”))
ativamente aumentar, levantar
não é “rise”
raise
- He raised the window and leaned out.
- Would all those in favour please raise their hands?
- The inspector said that standards at the school had to be raised.
- This discussion has raised many important issues/problems.
- (formal) After three weeks the siege was raised.
> criar uma criança, um animal
- Her parents died when she was a baby and she was raised by her grandparents.
- The farmer raises (= breeds) chickens and pigs.
- The soil around here isn’t good enough for raising (= growing) crops.
esconder (e passados)
hide
hid - hidden - hiding
- She used to hide her diary under her pillow.
- A kilo of heroin was found hidden inside the lining of the suitcase. (lining - forro, revestimento)
- The cat was hiding under the sofa.
terremoto (ortografia)
earthquake (só com K)
perda (sing e plu) (ortografia)
loss
losses
- The company has sustained heavy losses this year. (sustain com sentido de sofrer!)
assinar
sign
signed - signed - signing
embrulhar
wrap
(wrapped - wrapping)
- She wrapped the present and tied it with ribbon
- She wrapped the baby in a blanket.
- He wrapped a towel around his shoulders.
manufatura = manufaturar
manufactUrE
(manufactured - manufacturing)
(apesar de “factOry”)
agarrar (e passados)
grab
(grabbed grabbed grabbing)
- He grabbed (hold of) his child’s arm to stop her from running into the road.
- If you don’t grab this opportunity, you might not get another one.
- Let’s just grab a quick bite.
- With your first sentence you must grab the reader’s attention.
> noun - a sudden attempt to hold, get, or take something
- The two children both made a grab for the same cake.
levar, carregar (e conjugações)
carry
(he/she/it carries)
(carried carried carrying)
feroz + ferozmente
fierce
fiercely
- to burn fiercely
- Two men were shot during fierce fighting last weekend.
- Fierce winds prevented the race from taking place.
- The expansion plans will face fierce opposition/resistAnce from environmentalists.
- Firefighters had to retreat from the fierce heat. (retreat - recuar, retroceder)
> [noun] feelings of loss of hope and great unhappiness
(ênfase no loss of hope)
[lit. = darkness]
+
[adj.] without hope and unhappy
gloom
gloomy
(tristeza, melancolia, desesperança)
- Bergman’s films are often full of gloom and despair.
- There is widespread gloom and doom about the company’s future.
- The market gloom was caused by fears of recession.
- [lit. = darkness] A figure emerged from the gloom of the corridor.
irritar (e conjugações) +
irritado +
irritante +
irritantemente
aNNoy
(annoyed - annoying)
- I’m sorry - is my cough annoying you?
- Tina really annoyed me in the meeting this morning.
- It annoys me that she just expects us to help
- I was so annoyed with him for turning up late.
- [irritado] He gave me an annoyed look and left without speaking.
- [irritante] It’s annoying to have to explain this a second time.
- [annoyingly] Ads annoyingly interrupted the TV movie.
aprovação
aPProval
- Sam always tried hard to win his father’s approval.
aparentemente
seemingly
- Even in the face of seemingly unstoppable natural disasters, some are evidently more equal than others.
- How can we explain the seemingly counter-intuitive finding that we sometimes….
(mas “counterproductive” não tem hífen) - He remains confident and seemingly untroubled by his recent problems.
- The factory closure is seemingly inevitable.
suspirar = suspiro
sigh
- We both heaved a sigh of relieF when she left. (relief ≠ relieve(verb)) (heave, e.o., fazer movimento p/ cima e p/ baixo)
- She sighed deeply and sat down.
- “I wish he was here,” she sighed (= she said with a sigh).
- He leaned back in his seat with a sigh.
> obs.: If the wind sighs, it makes a long, soft sound as it moves through trees: I lay on my back, listening to the sound of the wind sighing in the trees.
prometer = xingar
e passados
swear
swore - sworn
(pledge é mais chique)
- I don’t know anything about what happened, I swear (it).
- When the cab driver started to swear at him, he walked away.
arma (ortografia)
weaPon
Têm 2º L? beautiful[] successful[] peaceful[] careful[] thoughtful[] powerful[]
NÃO - o sufixo é "ful" beautiful successful peaceful careful thoughtful powerful
Têm 2º S? careles[] useles[] powerles[] priceles[]
SIM - o sufixo é "less" careless useless powerless priceless
ensinar e passados
teach
taught, taught
contemporâneo (2)
contemporary - mais usado - mais para pequenos grupos
- atual
contemporaneous - mais para grandes acontecimentos
- contemporary art
- contemporary music/literature/art/fashion
- Although the play was written hundreds of years ago, it still has a contemporary (= modern) feel to it.
- Most of the writers he was contemporary with were interested in the same subjects.
- Was he a contemporary of Shakespeare’s?
- The two events were more or less contemporaneous, with only months between them.
colateral coletivo colaboração colega coletar colidir conluio coloquial coronel colonial + colonialismo colônia (perfume) coluna
collateral collectivE collaboration colleague collect collide collusion colloquial
maas:
colonel, colonial(ism), cologne, column
caixão
coffin
- They lowered the coffin into the grave.
nosso (ortografia)
our
- We owe it to our descendants (= people younger than us who will live after we have died) to leave them a clean world to live in.
- we owe our son a TV of his own
jogar, lança, arremessar
+passados
throw
threw - thrown
alívio
relieF
(não confundir com relieve, que é o verbo)
- We both heaved a sigh of relief when she left.
- To the bride’s relief, the wedding ceremony went off without a hitch. (hitch - a temporary difficulty that causes a short delay)
