V&O IV Flashcards

Question 1

Q

> por todo
durante todo

He was in fact working very hard for the forum and continued to [] the period of the conspiracy.
She was always greeted with great warmth in North Yorkshire, as she was [] the kingdom.
It starts with a guided walk on Sunday and the events will continue [] the(!) summer.

Answer

A

throughout

He was in fact working very hard for the forum and continued to throughout the period of the conspiracy.
She was always greeted with great warmth in North Yorkshire, as she was throughout the kingdom. (greet - saudar, cumprimentar, felicitar)
It starts with a guided walk on Sunday and the events will continue throughout the(!) summer.

Question 2

Q

~trul~ - ortografia
> através
> finished or completed

she told him she was [] with him

Answer

A

through

In the evening, when the day is through
Are you through with that book?
My girlfriend says we’re through (= our relationship is over).

Question 3

Q

(ortografia)
>advérbio: apesar, embora etc;
>conjunção: apesar de, conquanto

Question 4

Q

resistente, difícil, duro, forte, firme - ortografia

Question 5

Q

pensamento etc - ortografia

Question 6

Q

minucioso = completo - ortografia

Question 7

Q

áspero, duro, rude, “bruto” ( pode ser usado também, como substantivo, p expressar “esboço” etc) - ortografia

Answer

A

rough

It was a rough mountain road, full of stones and huge holes. (~acidentada~)
My hands get very rough in the cold. (ásperas)
The builder did a rough sketch of how the new stairs would look.
I made a rough table out of some old boxes. (tosca, rústica)
a rough area of town (violenta e perigosa)

Question 8

Q

especialmente

Answer

A

especially - COM “E” e 2 l’s

Question 9

Q

step down

Answer

A

renunciar, demitir-se, exonerar-se, afastar-se - To resign from office; to abdicate.
- She stepped down as captain of the team.

Question 10

Q

~melhorar~. Intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of.

It is during leisure that creativity is [], ensuring better performance when the employee returns to the office.
You spend time on(!) [] your image with fitness routines and new styles.

Answer

A

enhance (COM A!!!)

It is during leisure that creativity is enhanced, ensuring better performance when the employee returns to the office.
You spend time on(!) enhancing your image with fitness routines and new styles.

Question 11

Q

priorizar
- It is the responsibility and prerogative of the policymakers to determine how conflicting interests will be [] for their purposes.

Answer

A

prioritize
- It is the responsibility and prerogative of the policymakers to determine how conflicting interests will be prioritized for their purposes.

Question 12

Q

inibir
It also can induce an early turn of the hand at the release point, and hinder (entravar) and [] a clean, smooth follow-through.(~acompanhamento~)

Answer

A

inhibit
It also can induce an early turn of the hand at the release point, and hinder (entravar) and inhibit a clean, smooth follow-through.(acompanhamento)

Question 13

Q

transfer the sentences [preposição] your own words

Answer

A

transfer the sentences IN your own words

Question 14

Q

junto - ortografia

Answer

A

together - sem “u”!!

Question 15

Q

argumentar (mas tbm: brigar)

When you examine the teams man [preposition] man, I would [] that we are definitely(!) the stronger.

Answer

A

argue

When you examine the teams man for man, I would argue that we are definitely the stronger.

Question 16

Q

definitivamente - ortografia

Answer

A

definitely

When you examine the teams man for man, I would argue that we are definitely the stronger.

Question 17

Q

an increase [preposition] (em X de)

decrease tbm

Answer

A

> em - an increase in
de - an increase of
- argue that the decrease in western players clout (influência)….
- a decrease in births
- As for the decrease in deaths,…
- it’ll increase in value over time
- there was an increase of 5% in the population

Question 18

Q

fancy word for influence

And it’s very clear that these are the nations which have the [influence] [preposition] the global level.
It will have such political [] and such economic power that it will dictate the terms.
The small firms banded together so they would have more [] in Washington.

Answer

A

clout

And it’s very clear that these are the nations which have the clout at the global level
It will have such political clout and such economic power that it will dictate the terms.
The small firms banded together(uniram-se) so they would have more clout in Washington.

Question 19

Q

presidência (e seu uso)

Answer

A

presidency
às vezes sem apóstrofe antes: during the Swedish Council presidency of 2001; (mas:) During Jefferson’s presidency a friend observed him…; Some of the money spent by Mr Calley in that period was directly linked to Ireland’s presidency of the EU for the first half of 2004.

Question 20

Q

evolve [preposition(2)]

Answer

A

evolve towards (é mais chique q “into”)

The international order has gradually evolved towards multipolarity since the end of…
What started as a very limited levy (imposto,taxa) has evolved into the federal government’s main source of cash.
obs.: each school must evolve (desenvolver!) its own way of working

Question 21

Q

BRICS are an example -> BRICS [fancy word] an example (acrônimos c letras maiúsculas e SEM “the”)

Answer

A

BRICS constitutes an example

acrônimos c letras maiúsculas e SEM “the”

Question 22

Q

de forma a
in order to
which attempt to shape global governance [] better match their increased might

Answer

A

so as to
+ so as not to
- which attempt to shape global governance so as to better match their increased might
- I always keep fruit in the fridge so as to keep flies off it.
- He did not switch on the light so as not to disturb her.

Question 23

Q

tentativa; tentar (2 p cada)

Answer

A

attempt ; endeavor (=endeavour. “a” nos dois!)

enthusiasm is a vital ingredient in all human endeavor(~empreitada~)
an endeavor to(!) reduce serious injury
In his later years he endeavoured , without success, to achieve a peace settlement with France.
I worked hard to obtain these codes, and I endeavored to(!) keep them safe from all others, to ensure they are used in the best possible way.
Nick was endeavoring to(!) teach himself perspective, and having a hard time of it (!)
There is no getting away from the fact the bill does not even attempt to(!) resolve the difficult issues underlying and surrounding it.
I passed my motorcycle test at the(!) first attempt at the age of 17.

Question 24

Q

ing -> pt

engender

Answer

A

gerar, causar
(mais para sentimentos, discussões)

Hatred engenders violence.
manage the anxiety engendered by the performing situation
Her latest book has engendered a lot of controversy.
The vice-president’s speech did not engender confidence in his judgment.
Heavy rains engender floods.

Question 25

Q

governança - ortografia

Answer

A

governance

I don’t think he’s a very nice guy, I would not like to live under his governance

Question 26

Q

não obstante (quase literal)

Answer

A

notwithstanding ( in spite of this.)

…this small contretemps(fr?contratempo) notwithstanding, they both had a good time
Their particular goals notwithstanding, these rising powers gather together in multiple…
Notwithstanding the evidence, the consensus is that the jury will not reach a verdict

Question 27

Q

coalizão

Answer

A

coalition

nem smp é o c que vira t!

Question 28

Q

sentir X caiu

Answer

A

feel - sentir
(feel - felt - felt - feeling)

fell - caiu
(fall - fell - fallen - falling)

Question 29

Q

desculpar-se - ortografia

Answer

A

aPologize

He knew he had been wrong, and duly apologized. (duly - devidamente)
I must apologize to Isobel for my lateness.
She apologized profusely for having to leave at 3.30 p.m.

Question 30

Q

De fato,….

Answer

A

Indeed,…. (usar! dá ênfase)

Indeed, internationalist patriotism is the best choice.

Question 31

Q

inerentemente - ortografia

Answer

A

inherently

Question 32

Q

contribute [melhor preposition] verb+ing

contributes [] improving the current order…
They must contribute [] constructing genuine communities
contributed [] spoiling the most useful parts of knowledge
everybody likes to contribute [] buying something new

Answer

A

contribute towards verb+ing
(“towards” é infinitamente mais comum q “to”, nesse caso, e TBM PODE SER USADO C/ NOUNS
(c contributes, o segundo verbo SEMPRE deve term. em ING!)

contributes towards improving the current order…
They must contribute towards constructing genuine communities
contributed towards spoiling the most useful parts of knowledge
everybody likes to contribute towards buying something new
contribute to explaining how
Many others also contributed towards the costs
…have contributed towards a situation where

Question 33

Q

reunir, juntar, unir

Answer

A

gather

The main sources used to gather information were as follows.
Large crowds have gathered around him, and he begins to teach them.

Question 34

Q

diposição p fazer algo, vontade, complacência

- Nevertheless, this desire for change does not imply a [] to replace the existing order,…

Answer

A

willingness

Nevertheless, this desire for change does not imply a willingness to replace the existing order,…

Question 35

Q

enquanto que, ao passo que

Berti wants as many of them as possible, [] I deliberately minimised them
you treat the matter lightly, [] I myself was never more serious

Answer

A

whereas

Berti wants as many of them as possible, whereas I deliberately minimised them
you treat the matter lightly, whereas I myself was never more serious

Question 36

Q

evidentemente - ortografia

Answer

A

evidently

Even in the face of seemingly unstoppable natural disasters, some are evidently more equal than others. (seemingly - aparentemente)
a work so evidently laden(carregado) with significance

Question 37

Q

support the cause of; defend.;

a supporter, a defender (além de “campeão”)

Answer

A

champion
(verb and noun)

(championed - championing)

Even some of those who have aggressively championed the marriage campaign fear they have made dubious…
a champion of women’s rights
Only then did California become a champion of environmental protection.
The Labour Party historically has also championed human rights.
The club has championed a campaign to host a new tournament on the lucrative European Seniors’ Tour programme next year.

Question 38

Q

díspar

Answer

A

disparate - essentially different in kind; not allowing comparison.

Here the demand, however, is very diffuse, confused, composed of disparate elements.
This difference is due to the disparate methods for describing the bond dissociation rate.

Question 39

Q

característica - (ñ: feature) - ortografia

Answer

A

characteristic

Question 40

Q

uma ~mão na roda~

Answer

A

a boon (to someone)- something that is very helpful and improves the quality of life (pode usar na prova)

the navigation system will be a boon to both civilian and military users”;
“Guide dogs are a great boon to the partially sighted.(os que veem parcialmente)”

Question 41

Q

~promessa/prometer~

noun: a solemn promise or undertaking.
verb: jurar, pometer, comprometer-se

Answer

A

pledge (noun/verb)

the conference ended with a joint pledge to(!) limit pollution
under pledge of secrecy (sob promessa de sigilo)
I pledge allegiance/ eu prometo fidelidade
Contractors pledge that disruption will be kept to a minimum, following widespread complaints during the last excavation.

> thing that is given as security for the fulfiLLment of a contract or the payment of a debt and is liable to forfeiture in the event of failure.

Question 42

Q

ambiente, meio ambiente (e diferença p o fr)

Answer

A

environment

fr: environNEment

Question 43

Q

comitê

Answer

A

committee (2ms, 2ts, 2es!!)

advisory committee
He is now urging the parliament’s powerful environment committee to mount an investigation. (urging - solicitando insistentemente ; mount, aqui - montar)

Question 44

Q

um poluidor - ortografia

Answer

A

a pollutEr ( 2 Ls!)
(mas atenção: "populous" é simples msm)

Question 45

Q

~abraçar~; accept or support (a belief, theory, or change) willingly and enthusiastically.; include or contain (something) as a constituent part.

Answer

A

embrace

This was an opportunity that he would embrace.
Linguistics embraces a diverse range of subjects such as phonetics and stylistics. (abarca)
their eager embrace of foreign influences
He has wholeheartedly embraced life in south Louisiana.
During his career, Hughes would embrace every genre and his work would define as well as interpret the black experience. (google: “abraçaria”)
Enthusiastic embrace of these new gods is dECimating its youthful adherents.

Question 46

Q

equivalente - ortografia

Answer

A

equivalent

Question 47

Q

prover, fornecer; providenciar; ~prever~(a lei prevê que…)

Answer

A

provide (for/that)

It was turned into a pond(reservatório) in order to provide a ready supply of water should there be(!) a fire nearby. (n é mt formal esse should there be)
they provide us with the raw materials
To me, I am pro-life because I respect the fact that a child should only be brought in to a world where it can be looked after and provided for(!) sufficiently.
Its main aim was to ensure pension provision was provided for(!) employees
The plan for the huge event provides for(~prevê~) 25 miles of electric cable and a 50,000 gallon water supply.
That clause provides that (prevê) a car must have lamps exhibiting a white light in front and a red light in the rear.

Question 48

Q

desenvolver, desenvolvendo, desenvolvimento - ortografia (x fr)

Answer

A

develop, developing, development

x développer, développement

Question 49

Q

influência - ortografia

Answer

A

influence (=fr)

Question 50

Q

tornar; provide or give

He hit the pavement and hit his head hard enough to [] him unconSCious.
As you know I have created a weaPon that will [] all others useless.
The tribunal has yet to [] its verdict on the latter matter.
He makes it a practice to call for the removal of federal judges when they [] decisions he disagrees with.
Mrs Evans would [] assistance to those she thought were in need
They [] what was familiar to you almost unrecognisable.

Answer

A

render
(use-o) (substituir “make”!)
(rendered - rendering)

estrutura: “render” + smthg + qualidade/adj:
- He hit the pavement and hit his head hard enough to render him unconscious.
- As you know I have created a weaPon that will render all others useless.
- They render what was familiar to you almost unrecognisable.

The tribunal has yet to render its verdict on the latter matter.
He makes it a practice to call for the removal of federal judges when they render decisions he disagrees with.
Mrs Evans would render assistance to those she thought were in need

Question 51

Q

fr: parmi -> ing?

Answer

A

among = amongst

We’ll count you among the participants in this next phase of the peace movement.
These are among the concerns shared by members in recent days.
It also generated outrage and headaches among the academic community at the festival.

Question 52

Q

perturbação, às vezes: interrupção

Contractors pledge that [] will be kept to a minimum, following widespread complaints during the last excavation.
there had been no delays or [] to flights

Answer

A

disruption

Contractors pledge that disruption will be kept to a minimum, following widespread complaints during the last excavation.
there had been no delays or disruptions to flights

Question 53

Q

crush (verb/noun)

Answer

A

esmagar; comprimir; esmagamento, compressão

I was afraid I would lose my daughter in the crush of human bodies.
Increasingly repressive measures to crush the rebeLLion have resulted in a death toll of
They are performing a state duty, which is to crush the armed rebellion.

Question 54

Q

ecstatic

Answer

A

em êxtase =/= (static = estático)

- fans were ecstatic

Question 55

Q

fenômeno - ortografia

Answer

A

phenomenon

plu: phenomena (como criterion e criteria
- On top of this situation you add the phenomenon of uncontrolled violence.

Question 56

Q

enfatizar - ortografia

Answer

A

emphaSize = emphaSise

=/= criticar = critiCize = criticise
(emphaSis x critiC)

Question 57

Q

criticar - ortografia

Answer

A

criticize = criticise
(=/= enfatizar = emphasize)

Question 58

Q

soberania (ortografia)

Answer

A

sovereignty

Talks are being held about who should have sovereignty over the island.

Question 59

Q

avaliar; avaliação

…several adhoc meetings with the stakeholders in order to [] the potential impact of the initiative, mainly in terms…
[] the damage caused to fishing by other activities
we are not in possession of a satisfactory risk [] or an impact [].

Answer

A

assess; assessment

…several adhoc meetings with the stakeholders in order to assess the potential impact of the initiative, mainly in terms…
assess the damage caused to fishing by other activities
we are not in possession of a satisfactory risk assessment or an impact assessment.

Question 60

Q

anterior, prévio, antes de

Indeed, the circumstances that made the Great War inevitable relate to three aspects: the international system, the states and the statesmen that prevailed over decades [] to this conflict (3 níveis de análise!! (melhor nota 2018))
you must obtain [] approval
Please contact the center [] to sending large quantities of glasses.
[] to the start of large-scale printing in 1999, the general….

Answer

A

Prior (to)

Indeed, the circumstances that made the Great War inevitable relate to three aspects: the international system, the states and the statesmen that prevailed over decades prior to this conflict (3 níveis de análise!! (melhor nota 2018))
you must obtain prior approval
Please contact the center prior to sendING large quantities of glasses.
Prior to the start of large-scale printing in 1999, the general….

Question 61

Q

prevalecer

…the logic of the market and profit in the interests of economic and financial groups must not [].
…are nondiscriminatory and do not [] over(!) the core (núcleo, cerne) evaluation criteria.
..in order for(!) our values to [], democracies have to stay united in this dangerous world.
Indeed, the circumstances that made the Great War inevitable relate to three aspects: the international system, the states and the statesmen that [] over decades prior to this conflict. (3 níveis de análise!! (melhor nota 2018))

Answer

A

prevail

…the logic of the market and profit in the interests of economic and financial groups must not prevail.
…are nondiscriminatory and do not prevail over(!) the core (núcleo, cerne) evaluation criteria.
..in order for(!) our values to prevail, democracies have to stay united in this dangerous world.
Indeed, the circumstances that made the Great War inevitable relate to three aspects: the international system, the states and the statesmen that prevailed over decades prior to this conflict. (3 níveis de análise!! (melhor nota 2018))

Question 62

Q

consciente (ortografia)

Answer

A

conscious

My tooth doesn’t exactly hurt, but I’m conscious of it (= I can feel it) all the time.
He’s still conscious but he’s very badly injured.

Question 63

Q

repentinamente (ortografia)

Answer

A

suddenly

vem de >sudden

Question 64

Q

invencível (ortografia)

Answer

A

invincible

Answer 61

A

burst
(burst burst)

I hate it when balloons burst.
The river was threatening to burst its banks. (bank -> margem)
Smoke started pouring out from underneath, then the truck burst into flames.
a burst of speed/applause/laughter

> to feel a strong emotion, or strong wish to do something:
I knew they were bursting with curiosity but I said nothing.
(downbursts é usado p tempestades)

Answer 62

A

necessary - unnecessary (dobra o “n”)

I thought a lot of the violence in the movie was totally unnecessary.
The idea is to kill the animal as quickly as possible without causing unnecessary suffering.

Answer 63

A

safeguard (tem “u”) (é bom de usar)

may be unacceptable to managers who may prefer to safeguard their position by reducing competition through…
whose purpose is to safeguard the general interests of the State
We will work through the CSCE to safeguard the security of Europe. (assegurar)
… to conserve fish and safeguard the future of the industry. (assegurar) (fish - plu=sing)

Answer 64

A

effort (c “t”!!)

Answer 65

A

trustworthy

Not even a newspaper always gives trustworthy information.

Answer 66

A

allocate; reallocate

…when allocating scarce resources.
…would emphasise market mechanisms to allocate resources to need(!)
Carefully planning the cheapest air fares, allocating her meagre(escasso) budget as sparingly (moderadamente) as possible on food and accommodation(!)

Answer 67

A

scarCe; meagre(=meager)
(scant tbm serve)
(x escaSSo em pt)

…while in Japan where land was the scarce resource,….
good photographs of endangered buildings were very scarce (em perigo)
For a country with meagre mineral resources, Ireland was…
… occasionally supplementing her meagre income by cleaning lavatories.
The food at my grandmother’s house was meager and barely edible.

Answer 68

A

protester = protestor

bloody suppression of protesters in Tiananmen Square
and they outnumbered protestors by a minimum of ten to one.

Answer 69

A

South American

Answer 70

A

require

may be a task that requires manipulative skills
Manufacturing it requires a prohibitive amount of electricity, unless the electricity comes from cheap renewable sources, like…
All this requires an enormous amount of work

Answer 71

A

beginning
(verbo: begin (begun))

(outset é bom sinônimo de beginning)

for many women it can also mark a new beginning.
marked the beginning of the end of the …
And, indeed, he was already beginning to write some poetry.

Answer 72

A

unquestionably

She is unquestionably good at physics.
The operation has unquestionably improved the well-being of most patients.

Answer 73

A

so-called (tem hífen)

in the 1980s, has the so-called Thatcher revolution been no more than the British reflection of trends apparent elsewhere?
America had been transformed in the 1960s by the so-called sexual revolution,…
The Independent goes on to illustrate that in our so-called classless society bad speech is today as much of a barrier as it was in Shaw’s time.

Answer 74

A

O verbo da hipótese deve ficar no infinitivo, invariável

If he calls, can you please answer right away? Should he call, please answer right away.
If no one answers, please call back tomorrow. Should no one answer, please call back tomorrow.
If I pass the test, I will graduate. Should I pass the test, I will graduate
… Should anything happen, call this number.;
…Should you fail to comply with (cumprir) these regulations, you will be banned from the organization.
[bom p o Shaun] Should all countries lockdown, the virus has difficulty in spreading [é uma afirmação, sem hipótese]

Answer 75

A

verbo auxiliar logo depois da locução adv/advérbio:

advérbio negativ + VERBO AUXILIAR + suj. + verbo principal (ou adjetivo)

“hardly” e “no longer” tbm são bons exemplos

CUIDADO com os “did”, que pedem infinitivo

Only then did I realise my error.
Never before have I seen such beauty.
Seldom do I eat fast food.
Rarely do I have the chance to read fiction.
Never have I encountered such rudeness!
Not only is Amanda a gifted musician, but she is also good-natured and responsible
Only when the last person had left did she sit down and try to relax. (tbm funciona c esse only when…) (ñ esquecer que tem um “did” que pede infinitivo!)
> Under no circumstances< can you inform the staff about the…
Little(!) does Michael suspect that his daughter has been…
Only when I had arrived did I realise I had left my dossier at the office.

Answer 76

A

> crisis (sing); crises (plu)

The Third World faces an energy crisis even without the problems posed(!) by global warming.
deal with life’s disasters and crises in a calm, dispassionate way

> analysis (sing); analyses (plu)

I was interested in(!) Clare’s analysis of(!) the situation
Of course the two analyses differ in one major point.

> basis (sing); bases (plu) (C1: usar!)

This document will form the basis for our discussion.
Decisions were often made on the basis of (= using) incorrect information.
the importance of having sufficient machines and air bases lies(!) in the need of obtaining…

> hypothesis (sing); hypotheses (plu)

some quite specific biological hypotheses.
Evidence supports their hypothesis that a long-term relationship built on trust and…

Answer 77

A

defend

defense
defender ("defensor" (pt))

(fr: défendre: tbm 1 só “f”)

Answer 78

A

seldoM
(smp aproveitar advérbs negativos p fazer inversão)

Seldom do(!) I eat fast food. (aux logo depois do advérbio)
Very seldom in the history of French sport has a national team found itself under an almost moral obligation to win. (aux logo depois da locução)
Seldom do we receive any apology when mistakes are made.

Answer 79

A

comply (with)

complied with the directives (diretrizes)
…the state government would comply with the kidnappers’ demand.
When asked about their prescribing habits, just 60% were found to actually comply with the recommendations
Iraq had ‘not yet complied fully and unconditionally’ with Gulf ceasefire resolutions
It will become a criMinal offence not to comply fully with any investigations, and it will be possible to impose substantial financial penalties, not only upon(sobre) the companies operating a prohibited agreement, but also upon those directors found responsible for
The lack of expense involved complies fully with their famous refusal to produce promo videos. (está de acordo com?)

Answer 80

A

efficacy (formal)
effectiveness (C1)
(FF!)

They recently ran a series of tests to measure the efficacy of the drug.
They don’t have information yet to evaluate the effectiveness of those programmes .

Answer 81

A

boundary. plu: boundaries
- Residents are opposed to the prison being built within(!) the city boundary.
- Electronic publishing is blurring the boundaries between dictionaries and encyclopedias. (blurring - aqui, borrando)
- We set(!) firm boundaries, and if the children cross them there are consequences.
- cross the boundary between the normal and the abnormal

Answer 82

A

sought

She also sought the help of the Canadian High Commission…
Some 5,000 East Germans had sought refuge in the West German embassies in Prague and Warsaw.
immediately sought advice on the feasibility(!) of the concept from a US Naval hydrographer (viabilidade!)

Answer 83

A

embassy (plu: embassies) - ambassador

em fr: ambassade

Answer 84

A

survey

A transport survey in 1988 showed that…
The Architects’ Journal conducted a survey to find what were considered the best…
…asked them to conduct a public health survey mainly to reassure (rassurer) the public that…

Answer 85

A

requisitE (= requisitado (adj), sem “ed” no final)

The requisite number of countries have now ratified the convention.
the requisite skills for a job.
…has increasingly become a requisite for any successful career in stage, films or television humour
She believed privacy to be a key requisite for a peaceful life.
The company must demonstrate that the chosen independent party, whether person or organisation, has the requisite experience and skills to provide this support.
You can count on me to proceed with the requisite diplomacy.
The requisite quantities of oil are to be taken from the operating manual…

Answer 86

A

statesman (plu: statesmen)

consciously sought(seek) to portray him not only(!) as a statesman', but also(!) as the future military leader,…
…to promote himself as a statesman, capable of assuming the role of Prime Minister.

(politician tbm)

Answer 87

A

escalation

This ominous(sinistra) escalation of tension has come amid(!) reports that the rail blockade (bloqueio ferroviário) of Armenia…
in what appeared to be a menacing(ameaçadora) escalation of the crisis.
and it was ready to intervene to prevent escalation of disputes into(!) further bloodshed.

Answer 88

A

thus

…, thus providing arguments that Britain was doing more than her fair share in coLLective defence
The Act thus provides (prevê) that an adult may execute a…
…sperm of a male fertilises the ovum of a woman, thus creating an embryo…
Thus, whatever success individual parents may have achieved via…
…providing a president to replace the monarchy, thus becoming the Republic of Ireland.

Answer 89

A

Furthermore; What is more; Moreover; In addition
(usar no começo!)
- Furthermore, artists who are also critics are especially (c “e”!) likely to…
- Moreover, death is a time of great stress to those you love most.
- In addition, the ceiling must be strong enough to support the
- What is more, in many cases customers are convinced that an error is causing their problems when in fact the problem is

Answer 90

A

In spite of; Despite; However; Nevertheless; Nonetheless; Although/Though; On THE one hand… on the other HAND…;
(usar no começo!)
- However, a gift to ACET is completely free of inheritance tax, due to the fact that(!) ACET is a charity.
- Nevertheless, the differences between areas remained significant when these variables…
- Nonetheless, whatever success was achieved(!) within these programmes it was not enough to change the…
- Although regional output (produção) is converging, the situation regarding(!) unemployment is less positive.(cuidado c esse wishy-washy no final)
- Most families in the area live off subsistence agriculture, though there is some fishing done by those who live close to the
- Though systemic change is a contemporary idea, unknown in St. Vincent’s time, we can find seeds of the idea in his life and works.
- “On the one hand” e “On the other (hand)” costumam vir em frases separadas.
- In spite of these deficiencies, I think we have a lot to be satisfied with.
- Despite having registered very slow growth, the Gross Domestic Product increased at an annual average (“e”!) rate of approximately 0.3%.

Answer 91

A

Therefore, Hence, As a consequence

Therefore the wider circulation of such policy statements needs to be a priority in order to
It is therefore necessary when conducting a survey of a flat to examine the…
Hence, interest was slight (pequeno) and sporadic (esporádico!), and the works were not…
… and hence affect its value…
As a consequence, export refund rates for dairy products had to be increased substantially

Answer 92

A

average (com E!)

…compared with a monthly average of $8.5 billion in 1990.
…compared with a world average of….
This is more than triPle the national average, itself one of the worst in the developed world.
…giving an average cost of £4.50.

Answer 93

A

preclude (from)

His contract precludes him from(!) discussing his work with anyone outside the company.
Although your application was not accepted, it doesn’t preclude the possibility of >your applying< again later. (ex. do dicionário)
The design of the current study precluded us from(!) examining how the…

Answer 94

A

entail

Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk.
Repairing the roof will entail >spending< (“ing”) a lot of money.
…many of the suggested activities in each chapter entail collecting(!) and analyzing(!) data… (obs.: “many… plural” -> verbo concorda com o plural)
Making ‘ real world ‘ environmental changes would of course entail considerable practical problems and costs.

Answer 95

A

undermine

Criticism just undermines their confidence.
The incompetence and arrogance of the city’s administration have undermined public confidence in government.
It is conceivable that (wishy-washy!), >through(!) their actions< over time, interest groups concretize(~) a particular identity thereby (assim) undermining strategic adoption of new identities.

Answer 96

A

backlash

the 60s backlash against bourgeois materialism
a backlash of angry feeling among Southern conservatives within the party.
the backlash against feminism
The mayor foresaw no political backlash against his proposal.
a backlash by voters to rising property taxes.

Answer 97

A

I agree with you on this issue.
My father and I don’t agree about/on very much.
I agree that he should be invited.
Experts seem unable to agree whether the drug is safe or not.
We couldn’t agree on what to buy.
they agreed on one thing: that war had been inevitable

Answer 98

A

whether (“wH” e sem “a”)

I doubt whether it’ll work.
I wasn’t sure whether you’d like it.
I called Bill to find out whether >or not< he really did go to Afghanistan./ I called Bill to find out whether he really did go to Afghanistan or not.
The police seemed mainly interested >in< whether there were any locks on the windows.
I argued with the doctor >about< whether I had hit my head
She asked me whether I was interested in working for her.
Anyway, it’s a good story, whether or not it’s true.
I’m wondering whether >to have< the fish or the beef.
I was merely questioning whether we have the money to fund such a project.
It all depends >on< whether or not she has the time.

Answer 99

A

embargo/ embargoes (com “e”!)

(verbo: embargo,
he/she/itembargoes, embargoed, embargoing)

They have put(!) an embargo on(!) imports of clothing.
The police asked for a news embargo while they tried to find the kidnapper.
They are planning to embargo oil imports. (verbo)
..in spite of the fact that the arms embargoes were, perhaps, the most successful barriers to all sides acting equally atrociously.

Answer 100

A

merely

I wasn’t complaining, I merely said that I was tired.
I didn’t say that you had to go - I merely suggested that you might want to go.
These columns have no function and are merely decorative.
We cannot assume linear effects of change merely on the basis of the particular choices of tools that have been made in these countries.
They do not merely record frequency; they…
obs. : mere -> “mero(a)”
The plane crashed mere minutes after take-off.
It costs a(!) mere 20 dollars.
The mere thought of it makes me feel sick.
People became excited at the mere mention of his name.

Answer 101

A

in regard to; regarding

I am calling in regard to your recent inquiry. (inquérito)
…is still widely debated in specialized(sem “e”!) literature, whereas there is a general agreement in regard to its causes
We’re exploring a variety of options regarding this issue.
He wrote to me last week regarding a business proposition he thought might interest me.

Answer 102

A

prevent (from)

A block in the pipe was preventing the water from coming through.
Fierce(feroz) winds prevented the race from taking place.
The law has done little to prevent racial discrimination and inequality.

Answer 103

A

> skew
skewed

Biased questions can skew the results.
The accounting department skewed data and figures to show that the company was operating at a profit.
Maybe your world view is a liTTle skewed.
Her smile is slightly skewed.

Answer 104

A

inextricable

In the case of King Arthur, legend and truth are often inextricable.
There’s an inextricable bond between twins.
The inextricable links between health (or illness) and people’s human/natural environments create a basis for an ecological approach to health.

Answer 105

A

broadly

The tabulated results show that all intermediates(!) are broadly similar in structure.
… grew to become a broadly inclusive structure.
Undeniable, however, is that they are broadly linked to these variables.

Answer 106

A

compliAnce (with)

It is the job of the inspectors to enforce(~garantir~) compliance with(!) the regulations.
The company said that it had always acted in compliance with environmental laws.
He pointed to the building’s lack of compliance(conformidade) with building standards for the disabled.
We’ve been working hard to remain in compliance(conformidade) with all air pollution control laws.

Answer 107

A

enforce

It isn’t always easy for the police to enforce speed limits.
The new teacher had failed to enforce any sort of discipline.
The bar had a lawsuit filed against it for not enforcing the smoking ban.
Regulations do not mean anything unless they are enforced.

Answer 108

A

mistake
error

He admitted that he’d made an error.
With something as delicate as brain surgery, there is little margin for error (= you must not make mistakes).
This letter’s full of spelling mistakes.
I’m not blaming you - we all make mistakes.

Answer 109

A

accumulate
amass (especialmente para dinheiro e informações)

As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes.
We’ve accumulated so much rubbish over the years.
She has amassed a huge fortune from her novels.
By the time he was 40, he had amassed a fortune.

(fr:accumuler (ou cumuler))

Answer 110

A

behavior = behaviour

Answer 111

A

Paris Agreement (e não outra maneira)

Answer 112

A

belittle

Though she had spent hours fixing the computer, he belittled her efforts.
Stop belittling yourself - your work is highly valued.

Answer 113

A

in jeopardy

The lives of thousAnds of birds are in jeopardy as a result of the oil spill.
Bad investments have put the company’s future in jeopardy.
The deal could be in jeopardy if it…
The 1.2 billion euro investment programme was being put in jeopardy by the strikes (greves)
Gendered ageism : a double jeopardy for women in organizations. (~risco~)
Not only are economic multilateral institutions in jeopardy, but also global agreements on sustainable environment.

Answer 114

A

take into account

I hope my teacher will take into account the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she marks my paper.
A good architect takes into account the building’s surroundings.
The UK’s tax system takes no account of children.
I think you have to take into account that he’s a good deal younger than the rest of us.

Answer 115

A

achieve

The government’s training policy, he claimed, was achieving its objectives.
She finally achieved her ambition to visit South America.
I’ve been working all day, but I feel as if I’ve achieved nothing.

Answer 116

A

utterly; utter
(Shawn falou p não usar na prova…)

What an utterly stupid thing to do!
She was utterly devastated when her husband died.
The two boys walked into the room looking utterly miserable.
I don’t know why he gets so upset about something that is utterly trivial.
The meeting was a complete and utter waste of time.

Answer 117

A

swiftly; swift (C2: usar!)

Walking swiftly, he was at the office within minutes.
The second great crisis followed swiftly after, in 1173.
Criticism of the report came swiftly, though, from many quarters. (setores)
Thank you for your swift reply.
The police took swift action against the rioters.

Answer 118

A

purely (C2: usar!)

He wants the job purely for reasons of vanity and ambition.
a purely academic argument/question
I keep a bottle of brandy purely for medicinal purposes.

Answer 119

A

onwards (C2: usar!)

- I’m usually at home from five o’clock onwards.

Answer 120

A

harshly (C2: usar!)

Roosevelt was often criticized harshly in her time as first lady.
I feel like crying when someone speaks to me harshly.
She lost her parents and was raised harshly in a convent.
He has been harshly critical of the Pentagon’s handling of the matter.

Answer 121

A

~ardiloso~
> clever at planning something to get what you want 
> cleverly made for a particular purpose
> astúcia, ardil - a habilidade em si
> atraente

a cunning plan/ploy
a cunning little child/puppy/kitten
We need to show some cunning if we want to defeat the enemy.
(C2: usar!)

Answer 122

A

advoCate (C2: usar!)

She advocates taking (ing) a more long-term view.
He advocates the return of capital punishment.
The author denied that his new book advocated violence.
Trotsky advocated worldwide revolution.

Answer 123

A

assume (! SEM artigo entre o verbo e a palavra!)
(C2: usar!)
- The new president assumes office at midnight tonight.
- The terrorists assumed control of the plane and forced it to land in the desert.
- The issue has assumed considerable political proportions (= has become a big political problem).
- Europe has assumed a leadership role in the prevention of future global crises.

Answer 124

A

attain (C2: usar!) (com A!)
( attainment (formal))
- He has attained the highest grade in his music exams.
- We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives/goals.
- India attained independencE in 1947, after decades of struggle.
- the attainment of a goal
- monitoring and verifying the attainment of the objective

Answer 125

A

condemn (C2: usar!)

The terrorist action has been condemned as an act of barbarism and cowardice.
The film was condemned for its sexism.
Prince Charles condemned the assertively modernist style of architecture.

Answer 126

A

confine (C2: usar!) (restrain tbm)

Let’s confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!
Please confine your use of the phone to business calls.
By closing the infected farms we’re hoping to confine the disease to the north of the region
The economy had rebounded a bit but was still being restrained by high oil prices.
Higher interest rates appear to be restraining consumer spending.

Answer 127

A

deem (C2: usar!)

(mas atenção à grafia de judge)

Anyone not paying the registration fee by 31 March will be deemed to have withdrawn from the offer. (fee - taxa/tarifa)
She is currently deemed to(!) be the best British athlete.
The area has now been deemed safe.
We will provide help whenever you deem it appropriate. (aPPropriate; mas, proPer)
This survey (pesquisa/enquete) is deemed to be a reliable barometer of public oPinion.

Answer 128

A

deepen (C2: usar!)

Over the years, her love for him deepened.
The economic crisis is deepening.
It certainly helped to deepen my understanding of the situation.

Answer 129

A

devise (C2: usar!)

The committee is devising an agenda(!) for the upcoming political convention.
Clinton and Zedillo ordered their respective Cabinets to devise a common counter-drug strategy(!).
We need to devise some sort of system(!) whereby people can liaise with each other.
The umbrella was ingeniously devised to fold up into your pocket.
The scheme(!) is devised for young people in the 15 - 20 age band.
The company has also devised a computer program(!) that enables people to design their own homes.
He set about devising a plan(!) to revive the…

Answer 130

A

erode (C2: usar!)

His behaviour over the last few months has eroded my confidence in his judgment.
The retail (varejo) industry is struggling with eroding consuMer confidence and a weakening sales trend (tendência).

Answer 131

A

hinder (C2: usar!)

A poor diet can hinder mental and physical growth.
I don’t know if these changes are going to help or hinder the team.
High winds have hindered firefighters in their efforts to put out the blaze. (apagar o incêndio)
Her progress certainly hasn’t been hindered by her lack of experience.

obs.: “curb” é refrear; “stunt” é prejudicar o crescimento

Answer 132

A

uphold (C2: usar!)
(upheld upheld)
- The freedom of the press must be upheld.
- As a police officer you are expected to uphold the law whether you agree with it or not.
- Judge Davis upheld the county court’s decision.
- The government has promised to uphold the principles of democracy.

Answer 133

A

thrive (thriving) (ambos C2: usar!)

His business thrived in the years before the war.
She seems to thrive on stress.
Industries such as water, telecoms, and insurance have been thriving.
Some employees thrive on the challenge of intense workloads.
a thriving economy
The island has a thriving community and a rich and tragic history.

Answer 134

A

weaken (C1: usar)
- You could see the poor dog weakening daily as the disease spread through its body. (spread spread spread)
- The bill would seriously weaken environmental protections.
- We know that proLonged exposure to vibration can weaken aircraft components.
(palavras com craft -> sing=plu)
- She’s weakening - ask her some more questions and see if she confesses.
obs: weaken; widen; broaden; strengthen etc - qnd se adiciona “en”, transforma-se a palavra em verbo

Answer 135

A

detrimental (C2: usar!)

These chemicals have a detrimental effect/impact on the environment.
Their decision could be detrimental to the future of the company.

Answer 136

A

empirical (C2: usar!)

This theory needs to be backed up with solid empirical data/evidence.
Empirical studies show that some forms of alternative medicine are extremely effective.

Answer 137

A

grim (C2: usar!)
- The future looks grim.
- I divined from his grim expression that the news was not good. (news -> singular)
- Her prospects are grim.
- The doctor’s diagnosis was grim. (“sombrio” p o google)
- The situation in the drought-stricken region is grim.
(stricken - adj.! ; strike struck struck)
- Experts have been giving grim predictions for the future of the company. (“sombrio” p o google)

obs.: gloomy é unhappy and without hope

Answer 138

A

hypocritical (C2!)

Their accusations of corruption are hypocritical - they have been just as corrupt themselves.
It’s rather hypocritical of you, telling me not to shout. I’ve seen you lose your temper with the children many times! (tell told told)
The minister gave a hypocritical speech about the importance of family values, when we all know about his sordid affairs.

Answer 139

A

imminent (C2: usar!)

For a man in imminent danger of lOsing his job, he appeared quite unruffled(tranquilo).
Her remarks were intended to scotch(acabar com) rumours of an imminent election date. (rumors=rumours)
He announced the imminent arrival of a messianic leader.
He gave a dire(terrível) warning that an earthquake was imminent.

Answer 140

A

implicit (C2: usar!)

He interpreted her comments as an implicit criticism of the government.
Implicit in the poem’s closing lines are the poet’s own religious doubts.

Answer 141

A

inherent (C2: usar!)

There are dangers/risks inherent in almost every sport.
I have an inherent distrust of lawyers.
The drug has certain inherent side effects.

Answer 142

A

lavish (adj)
-lavish gifts/promises/praise
(presentes luxuosos; promessas pródigas; elogios pródigos)
- The lavish production makes this musical trULy memorable.
- The critics were lavish in their praise for the paintings. (very generous)

Answer 143

A

prone (to) (C2!)
(adj.; NÃO é verbo)

I’ve always been prone to headaches.
He was prone to depression even as a teenager.
She’s prone to exaggerate, that’s for sure.
He is rather prone to making(“ing”!) tactless (sem tato) remarks.

Answer 144

A

reckless (C2!)

He was found guilty of reckless driving.
These punks have a reckless disregard for the law.
She spends her money recklessly.
The accident was a result of recklessness. (2 “ss”)

Answer 145

A

relentless

relentless criticism/pressure
relentless heat
the relentless pursuit of wealth and power

Answer 146

A

ruthless (C2!)
(ruth é piedade, compaixão)
impiedoso, cruel, implacável

ruthless ambition (implacável)
a ruthless dictator
Some people believe that to succeed in this world you have to be ruthless.
(Hades) He was as mean as he was ruthless
He behaved with utter ruthlessness.
There was a certain ruthlessness about her.

Answer 147

A

stern (C2: usar!) - pode subst difficult!

a stern look/warning/voice
She is her own sternest critic.
Journalists received a stern warning not to go anywhere near the battleship.
The country’s president is facing the sternest test of his authority since…
He sternly reminded his son to drive carefully.
(obs: “H severo”)

Answer 148

A

strenuous (C2: usar!)

“strenuous efforts”

Strenuous efforts were made throughout the war to disguise the scale of civilian casualties.(c2!)
The Soviet Union is making strenuous efforts to reduce its dependencE on iMports
The worker should make strenuous efforts to help parents exercise their rights fully
He rarely does anything more strenuous than changing the channels on the television.
His doctor advised him not to do any strenuous exercise.

Answer 149

A

unbiased (C2: usar!)

He admits that his newspaper was not an unbiased observer in the conflict.
We try to remain as unbiased as we can, but it is difficult.

(imparTial tbm existe)

Answer 150

A

undue (C2: usar!)
(subst. demasiado, gd demais etc)

would risk spreading undue alarm among businessES and consuMers.
Opponents have argued that the bill is an undue burden on(!) business.
will impose an undue burden on(!) the local tax payer

Answer 151

A

wretched (C2: usar!) (p expressar miséria, ~péssimo~ etc)

a wretched childhood
The people live in wretched conditions, with no running water.
I think I must be coming down with flu - I’ve been feeling wretched all day.
policies had done little to alleviate(!) the wretched living conditions of the poor.

Answer 152

A

lie
(lay - lain - lying)
(p responsabilidade, culpa, interesse etc é C2: usar!!

(“in” ou “with someone”))

Her main research interest lies in the philosophical…
Part of the answer lies in the phonetic…
The value of a case study lies in providing evidence
Responsibility for(!) the disaster must ultimately lie with the government.
Where does the blame lie?
The river lies 30 km to the south.
The hardest part of the competition still lies ahead of us.
The team is lying third in the league.
Here lies the body of Mary Taylor
There are several houses lying empty in the town.
He lies awake at night, worrying.
She lay on the bed and gazed at the ceiling, daydreaming.
..if there has been a weakness in the Lisbon strategy, it has lain in an…

(qnd significa “mentir”, é “lied” p ambos os passados)

Answer 153

A

arise (C2: usar!) (tentar substituir o “happen”)
(arose; arisen)
- Should the opportunity arise, I’d love to go to China.
- Could you work on Saturday, should the need arise (= if it were to be necessary)?
- Are there any matters arising from (= caused by) the last meeting?
- An occasion may arise when you can use your knowledge of French.
- An unforeseen difficulty has arisen.(!)
-…long before the latest problems arose.(!)

Answer 154

A

casualty; casualties (C2)

The train was derailed but there were no casualties, police said.
The rebels suffered heavy casualties.

Answer 155

A

alleviate

The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.
policies had done little to alleviate the wretched(!) living conditions of the poor.

Answer 156

A

jewel(le)ry - jewelry - jewellery

a jewellery box
costume jewelry
a piece of gold/silver jewellery

Answer 157

A

imply (C2)
- Are you implying (that) I’m fat?
I’m not implying anything about your cooking, but could we eat out tonight?
- Variable rate loans, as the name implies, have a variable interest rate.
- The report, which is viewed as a bellwether for economic trends, implied that the national economy could be slowing down. (bellwether - indicador de tendência)
- A connection between the events has been implied in several news reports.
- Socialism implies equality.
- The relationship implied a high degree of trust between the two parties.

Answer 158

A

witch
wish
with
wHich TEM “H”!!!!!!

Answer 159

A

prolong

We were having such a good time that we decided to prolong our stay by another week.
She chewed each delicious mouthful as slowly as she could, prolonging the pleasure.
(fr: prolonger)

Answer 160

A

outbreak (só com K)

the outbreak of war
an outbreak of cholera/food poisoning/rioting/war
Last weekend saw further thundery outbreaks.
an outbreak of cholera

Answer 161

A

horde

Hordes of students on bikes made crossing the road difficult.
A horde of reporters waited on the lawn outside the White House (lawn - gramado)

Answer 162

A

com T!
>initial (c os msms sentidos)
>initiate
>initiative
- My initial surprise was soon replaced by delight.
- Initial reports say that seven people have died, though this has not yet been confirmed.
- He wrote his initials, P.M.R., at the bottom of the page.
- Who initiated the violence? (formal)
-At the age of eleven, Harry was initiated into the art of golf by his father.
- Each culture had a special ritual to initiate boys into manhood.

Answer 163

A

> fundar (!) - found ; founded
NÃO esquecer o “ed” no final!!!!!!!

> passados de find

(NÃO confundir com “fund”- financiar=fundo ou com “fond” - “be fond of” - gostar)

founding fathers
Boston was foundED in 1630 by Puritan colonists from England.
She left a large sum of money in her will to fOUnd a wildlife sanctuary.
We are planning a diNNer to celebrate the 50th aNNiversary of the founding of the company.
Her lawyer aCCused the prosecution of founding its case on insuFFicient evidence.
I’d like to see the research that these recoMMendations are founded on.
I’ve just found a ten-pound note in my pocket.
Has he found himself a place to live yet?

Answer 164

A

assistAnce (=FR!!!)

Can I be of any assistance (= can I help), madam?
The company needs more financial assistance from the government.
A £1 billion investment would be of considerable assistance to the local economy.
Teachers can’t give pupils any assistance in exams.

Answer 165

A

guard
(COM U, como em safegUard)
- There are guards posted (= standing and watching) at every entrance.
- The frontier is patrolled by border guards. (frontier- fronteira ; patrol- patrulhar)
- Armed security officers are employed to mount guard over the president. (mount guard on/over sth - guard something)

Answer 166

A

greenhouse effect

Fr: effet de serre
esp: efecto invernadero

Answer 167

A

stain

Several important politicians have had their reputations stained by this scandal.
The tomato sauce left a stain on the tablecloth. (toalha de mesa)

Answer 168

A

> weapon (1 P só!)
arms (no plural!) - mais genérico

(gun tbm)

They have been charged with suPPlying arms to the guerrillas. (guerrilla=guerilla -> guerrilheiro = guerrilha)
An arms cache was discovered in South Wales. (cache - esconderijo!)
The minister has called on the terrorists to lay down their arms (= stop fighting). ( (call on - convidar ~formalmente~))
They are willing to take up arms (= prepare to fight) (against the government) if they have to.

Answer 169

A

collaboration (2Ls!)

Answer 170

A

NÃO USAR
> até então
Não é usado, não causa boa impressão
- This would have meant placing more emPHasis on persuasion than coerCion, as had been the practice hitherto.

Answer 171

A

(simples msm)
> contribution
> contribute
> contributing

Answer 172

A

coLLectivE (com E no final VC ERROU)
- a collective decision/effort
- collective responsibility/leadership
(= fém do Fr.)
(Fr masc - collectif)

Answer 173

A

exception
(= francês)
- There are exceptions to every rule.
- I like all kinds of movies with the exception of (= but not) horror movies.
- You must report here every Tuesday without exception. (relatar)

Answer 174

A

employment

How can you justify the employment of capital punishment? (formal)
She studied advertisers’ employment of images in food ads.
Employment levels are unlikely to rise significantly before the end of next year.

Answer 175

A

> árvore - tree

> três - three

Answer 176

A

> from now and for a particular period of time in the future

She won’t be back for a long time yet.
Our holiday isn’t for weeks yet.

> que precisa ser feito (formal)

yet to do something (c2)
yet to be something
They have yet to make a decision.
The price of the tickets for the concert has yet to be decided.
The President and her husband are yet to arrive.

> “as yet” (formal) - until and including this time (for negative contexts!)

We haven’t needed extra staff as yet, but we may in the future.
No ambulances had as yet managed to get across the river.
The film shows you the most typical places, as yet untouched by tourism, and how to get there.

> already
(mais c perguntas e negativas)
- Are they here yet?
- They had not yet come.
- Haven't they come yet?

There is yet time.
He came this morning, and he is here yet.
The mail brought yet another reply. (bring brought brought)
We’ll have to use yet greater strength.
The story was strange and yet true.

Answer 177

A

exile

The king went into exile because of the political situation in his country.
The deposed leaders are currently in exile in the neighbouring country.
The monarch was exiled because of the coup.

Answer 178

A

> Eng: personAl (1N e A)

> Fr: personnEl (2Ns e E)

Answer 179

A

truce

After years of rivalry the two companies have agreed (US agreed to) a truce.
Bruce agreed to a truce

Answer 180

A

highlight

“what this illustration/case/example highlights is…”
The report highlights the need for improved safety.
The spelling mistakes in the text had been highlighted in green.
Just how lucky we were was further highlighted when we learnt that Ricci’s normal teaching rates are £250 for 1 hour.
The siege, which further highlighted the degree of corruption existing within the prison service…

Answer 181

A

speech

- speech impediment

Answer 182

A

peripheral

The book contains a great deal of peripheral detail.
A figure came into my peripheral vision.
First of all, we had to find out who the thief was – getting the money back was a peripheral issue.

Answer 183

A

cloth

(plural: cloths)
- The paupers confined in hospitals and almshouses were often obliged to wear institutional clothing which was made from coarse cloths, linen and hemp. (pauper - ~indigente~; hemp- cãnhamo ; alms- esmolas (smp no plural) coarse cloth - p o google - pano grosso))

Answer 184

A

shallow

The stream was fairly shallow so we were able to walk aCross it. (stream, aqui, córrego)
She told her children to stay in the shallow end (of the swimming pool).
I thought the film was pretty shallow.
He’s physically attractive, but shallow.

Answer 185

A

lawn
- Will you mow the lawn at the weekend?
(mow - cortar grama e afins)

Answer 186

A

contempt (for)
(fr: mépris ; esp: desprecio)

They show a haughty contempt of others. (haughty- arrogante)
At school she had complete contempt for all her teachers.
You should treat those remarks with the contempt that they deserve.
She’s beneath contempt (= I have no respect for her)!
She looked at him with undisguised contempt.
He rewarded their kindness with hostility and contempt.

Answer 187

A

> indefinite
undefined
- the project has been postpoNed for an indefinite period.
- an indefinite number of people
- It was a wonderful opportunity, but it meant leaving family and friends for an indefinite period, perhaps forever.
- The agreement was too indefinite to be enforced
- Certain words in the dictionary remain undefined, with only their form shown.
- The business is attempting to gauge how large a share of a new and largely undefined market it can seize. (gauge- avaliar ; seize,aqui, ~conquistar~)

Answer 188

A

> passado de think
(thought thought)
pensamento
- He took a minute or two to compose his thoughts before he replied.
- I thought they were going to shoot us.
- He was thought to have boarded the plane in New York. (cuidado c “taught”, passados de teach) (board - embarcar)

Answer 189

A

vaccine

- This vaccine protects against some kinds of the bacteria.

Answer 190

A

imprOve (1 “O” só)

Answer 191

A

stability

Answer 192

A

small (2Ls)

Answer 193

A

> alívio
assistência, auxílio, socorro, ajuda humanitária
- “this farmer is not on government relief” - placa do contexto do New Deal
- an international relief operation
- relief agencies/supplies
- Musicians have raised millions of dollars for famine relief in Africa.
- The organisation provides financial relief for survivors of natural disasters.
- Aspirin may give you some relief.
- She breathed a sigh of relief when she finished her exams. (sigh - suspiro=suspirar )

Answer 194

A

viable

I am afraid your plan is not commercially/economically/financially/politically viable.
The company had to seek other ways to remain viable.

Answer 195

A

intellectual (2Ls!)

Answer 196

A

necessary

> for …..
for smn to …

…which indeed is necessary for their survival.
It will always be necessary for someone to attend the registrar’s office in person. (registrar- registrador, escrivão)
It would then be necessary for the government concerned to face the consequences of violating its Treaty obligations in such a flagrant manner
conditions necessary for seeds to germinate were often studied in much…
Calcium is also necessary for repair and construction of cells.
The confidence which was necessary for the successful functioning of a coinage tended to (coinage - cunhagem)

Answer 197

A

outcry

The release from prison of two of the terrorists has provoked a public outcry.
Plans to tear down the old courthouse led to a public outcry.
The political context in which this commercial outcry erupted contributed greatly to its success.
There were strong outcries for reopening the trade among the border communities.
They would soon raise an outcry and put pressure on the government to withdraw its decision.

Answer 198

A

outburst

a violent outburst
an outburst of creative activity
Her comments provoked an outburst of anger from the boss.
an outburst of tears;

Answer 199

A

concentrate ON

The eye of the artist is concentrated on his pencil
In England we concentrate on the voice.
“I hear you’re planning to retire so you can concentrate on writing,” Charles told me over tea one afternoon.

Answer 200

A

confuse WITH

Improvisation should not, in any way, be confused with the rather general idea of `making things up as you go along’, which has no real purpose beyond that of entertainment.
Don’t, however, confuse this with the aerobic interval training outlined before. (outline - aqui, “give a description of the main facts about something)
This is not to be confused with her own persoNal feelings.

Answer 201

A

outline

> contornos gerias, linhas gerais, esboço, descrever, contorno, perfil, perfilar

At the interview she outlined what I would be doing.
If you read the minutes of the meeting, they’ll give you a broad outline of what was discussed.
Some novelists start by writing an outline (= plan of the main points of the story).
The House approved the broad outlines of the president’s budget.
She drew the outline of a face.
She drew the outline of the boat and then coloured it in.
The mountain was visible only in outline as the light faded. (A montanha era visível apenas em seus contornos à medida que a luz se apagava.)

Answer 202

A

> grave
tOmb

the tomb was honeycombed with passages and chambers. (honeycomb é favo de mel)
For centuries the tomb lay inviolate until, by chance, it was discovered by two miners. (note: “inviolate”, sem “d” no final, como alguns outros adj.)
When they opened up the tomb they found treasure beyond their wildest dreams.
Many of the soldiers were interred in unmarked graves. (inter - bury (formal))
They lowered the coffin into the grave.
a mass grave
a grave digger
He visits his mother’s grave every Sunday.

Answer 203

A

> dEscent (tbm tem outros significados)
dEscendAnt

She’s a woman of mixed/French descent.
He was of Basque descent
Their mother is of Irish descent (= family origin).
They trace their line of descent back to a French duke.
He claims direct descent from Mohammed.
He has no descendants.
They claim to be descendants of a French duke.
We owe it to our descendants (= people younger than us who will live after we have died) to leave them a clean world to live in.

Answer 204

A

thunder

a clap of thunder (clap - mt usado com “thunder”)
thunder and lighTNing (lightning - relâmpago, raio)
The lightning flashed and distant thunder rolled.
A loud peal of thunder woke him from restless sleep. (“peal”, aqui, estrondo)

Answer 205

A

> acquit

The jury acquitted him.
She was acquitted of all the charges against her.
Five months ago he was acquitted on a shoplifting charge.
he was acquitted on July 6, 1907

> acquit yourself - to do better than expected in a difficult situation

I thought that he acquitted himself admirably in today’s meeting.

Answer 206

A

duty (1T)

You have a duty to yourself to take a break once in a while.
He only went to see her out of duty (= because he thought he should).
You should report for duty (= arrive at work) at 8 a.m. on Monday.
What time are you off/on duty (= when do you finish/start work) tomorrow?

Answer 207

A

> badge

(~brasão costurável~, nos EUA, é “patch”)

He was asked to surrender his gun and badge.
Don’t forget to display your ID badge. (display - exibir)
Everyone at the conference wore a badge with their name on.
He sewed the school badge neatly onto his uniform.
He collects old army badges.

Answer 208

A

buggle call

Answer 209

A

> crucial
> imperative
> vital
> significant
> salient
> paramount
> relevant

(qqr. subjuntivo em pt -> ~infinitivo em ing.~ (=”sujunctive” (mt formal))

It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately. [ex. do dicionário!] (não é tão formal)
The president said it was imperative that the release of all hostages be secured.
It’s absolutely vital that you do exactly as I say.
This election reaffirms a significant shift of the center of power.
Marriage is a significant commitment.
Everybody agrees that education is the paramount issue. (primordial)
…. the content or type of medicine, are seen as paramount.
….identity of the controlling body, is treated as paramount.
The salient fact about the case is that it involves an American. (dicionário: “The salient facts about something or qualities of something are the most important things about them”)

Answer 210

A

> absolutely
> extremely
> particularly
> profoundly
> considerably
> acutely

The decorations that the children had made were absolutely beautiful.
They played extremely well.
She’s extremely beautiful.
They don’t seem particularly worried about the situation.
We’re particularly interested to hear from people who speak two or more European languages.
We are all profoundly grateful for your help and encouragement.
Management is acutely aware of the resentment that their decision may cause.
Another scandal would be acutely embarrassing for the government.
Her study has considerably advanced the cause of equal rights.
The interests of both parties may not be identical, but they do overlap considerably.

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