V&O III Flashcards
1
Q
A peaceful form of protest in which people occupy an area and refuse to leave.
A
sit-in
2
Q
quartel general
A
headquarters (smp com s no final)
- The company’s headquarters is/are in Amsterdam.
- A surgical strike was carried out on the enemy’s military headquarters.
3
Q
-> To determine, estimate or judge the value of; to evaluate
-> To impose or charge, especially as punishment for an infraction
-> To calculate and demand (the tax money due) from a person or entity
- Exams are not the only means of [] a student’s ability.
- He [] the situation.
- It’s too early to [] the long-term consequences of the two countries’ union.
- We need to [] whether the project is worth doing.
- The referee [] a penalty for delaying the game
- A $10.00 late fee will be [] on(!) all overdue accounts.
- Once you’ve submitted a tax return, the Tax Department will [] the amount of tax you still owe.
A
assess
- Exams are not the only means of assessing a student’s ability.
- He assessed the situation.
- It’s too early to assess the long-term consequences of the two countries’ union.
- We need to assess whether the project is worth doing.
- The referee assessed a penalty for delaying the game (referee - árbitro de jogo)
- A $10.00 late fee will be assessed on(!) all overdue accounts. (overdue - atrasado, vencido) (fee - taxa) (“imposta”)
- Once you’ve submitted a tax return, the Tax Department will assess the amount of tax you still owe.
4
Q
“painel”
A
panel (1 N só)
- The competition will be judged by a panel of experts.
5
Q
“By which”
A
whereby
-They’ve set up a plan whereby you can spread the cost over a two-year period.
(set set set)
-We need to devise some sort of system whereby people can liaise with each other. (liaise -~entrar em contato~)
- …When you do take the means whereby I live…
NÃO deve ser usado como substituto de “where”
6
Q
> (atribuir) To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of explanation. (sb/sth to sth)
(direcionar, encaminhar) sb/sth to sb/sth - to direct to a different place or person for information, help, or action (~encaminhar~)
(consultar) to look at, or tell someone else to look at, a book or similar record in order to find information and help
(referir-se) to talk or write about someone or something, especially in only a few words
- He [] the phenomena to electrical disturbances.
- Most of the site’s links simply [] you to the company’s toll-free support line.
- My doctor [] me to a hospital specialist.
- She spoke for an hour without once [] to her notes.
- He [] to a history book to find out the dates of the French Revolution.
- In her autobiography she occasionally [] to her unhappy schooldays.
- He always [] to the house as his “refuge”.
- The new salary scale only [] to(!) company managers and directors.
A
refer
- He referred the phenomena to electrical disturbances.
(phenomena - plural de phenomenon; como criteria é de criterion) - Most of the site’s links simply refer you to the company’s toll-free support line.
- My doctor referred me to a hospital specialist.
- She spoke for an hour without once referring to her notes.
- He referred to a history book to find out the dates of the French Revolution.
- In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays.
- He always refers to the house as his “refuge”.
- The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors.
7
Q
> To interpret or explain the meaning of something; explicar; entender como, interpretar como
- The axiom on which this argument trades is in fact quite difficult to [].
- A crucial question, though, is how exactly we should [] the normativity here (how we should)
A
construe
- The axiom on which this argument trades is in fact quite difficult to construe.
- A crucial question, though, is how exactly we should construe the normativity here (how we should) (interpretar, entender)
- (sth as sth) Any changes to the plan would be construed as(!) indecision. (entendida, interpretada)
- That comment could be construed in(!) either of two ways. (entendido, interpretado)
- Because of its relationship to the debate construed as the central debate for linguistic anthropology, their work is also construed as crucially theoretical.
- The world must construe according to its wits(~perspicácia~)
- this court must construe according to the law.
8
Q
third party
A
“terceiro” c sentido de outro etc
9
Q
“acumular” (não é accumulate)
- to [] a treasure or a fortune
- to [] words or phrases
A
amass
- to amass a treasure or a fortune
- to amass words or phrases
10
Q
To prevent; to cause to fail; ~frustrar~
- The police [] the would-be assassin.
- Our plans for a picnic were [] by the thunderstorm.
A
thwart
- The police thwarted the would-be assassin.
- Our plans for a picnic were thwarted by the thunderstorm.
- …successfully thwarted those would-be hegemons.
(would-be - wanting or trying to be)
11
Q
misgiving
A
doubt, apprehension, a feeling of dread
- He could think of her being there, without a lurking misgiving that it would have been better if she had not come. (lurking feeling- that exists, although it may not be very strong, and will not go away)
- In the night, or the gloomy chambers of the day, fears and misgivings wax strong, but out in the sunlight there is, for a time, cessation even of the terror of death. (gloomy = (lit) escuras; wax = ~~~crescer~~~ (formal))
12
Q
To fear greatly. To anticipate with fear.
- I’m [] getting the results of the test, as it could decide my whole life.
- He’s [] the exam - he’s sure he’s going to fail.
- I’m [] having to meet his parents.
A
dread
- I’m dreading getting the results of the test, as it could decide my whole life.
- He’s dreading the exam - he’s sure he’s going to fail.
- I’m dreading having to meet his parents.
13
Q
(to) spearhead
A
To drive or campaign ardently for, as an effort, project, etc. (spear= lança)
- He spearheaded the entire project from day one.
- a fantastic run which has been spearheaded by the goals of Senegal striker Cisse.
14
Q
uprising
A
> A popular revolt that attempts to overthrow a government or its policies; an insurgency or insurrection.
- WikiLeaks did not cause these uprisings but it certainly informed them.
15
Q
crippling
A
That cripples or incapacitates
(cripple - aleijar)
- crippling dePression
- A crippling attack of malaria kept him in bed for months.
- The bomb attack dealt a crippling blow to tourism in the country. (“deal a blow to” - ter efeito negativo, levar a falhar)
(cripple (offensive) - that cannot use their arms or legs in a normal way)
16
Q
Prejudicar
To weaken; to affect negatively; to have a diminishing effect on.
- A recurring(!) knee injury may have [] his chances of winning the tournament.
- Lack of sleep [] her ability to think clearly.
A
impair
- A recurring(!) knee injury may have impaired his chances of winning the tournament.
- Lack of sleep impaired her ability to think clearly.
(impair something)
17
Q
“portanto; consequentemente”
A
hence
- I shall go to Japan and hence will not be here in time for the party.
- The purse is handmade and hence very expensive.
18
Q
“visando a”
- We read the contract [] finding a way out of it.
- These measures have been taken [] increasING the company’s profits.
A
with a view to (doING)
- We read the contract with a view to findING a way out of it.
- These measures have been taken with a view to increasING the company’s profits.
19
Q
to aNNoy persistently, to pester
annoy - annoyed - annoying
A
badger
- He kept badgering her about(!) her bad habits.
- Stop badgering me - I’ll do it when I’m ready.
- [ + into + -ing verb ] She’s been badgering me into(!) doing some exercise.
- [ + to infinitive ] Every time we go into a shop, the kids badger me to(!) buy them sweets.
(Britain, informal) : to fart
20
Q
feature
A
características
- The town’s main features are its beautiful mosque and ancient marketplace. (mosque= mesquita)
21
Q
novel x new
A
novel = innovative
new = new…
- a novel idea/suggestion
- Keeping a sheep in the garden is a novel way of keeping the grass short!
22
Q
patently
A
patentemente = claramente, evidentemente
- these claims were patently false
23
Q
tese (pt para ing)
A
thesis
(plu: theses)
- a doctoral thesis (= for a PhD)
- these two theses stand opposed to each other in a consistently contradictory manner.
24
Q
estrutura ( q não structure)
A
framework (c2)
- a legal framework for resolving disputes
- Most biologists use the same basic framework for classification.
25
heading (noun)
The title or topic of a document, article, chapter, or of a section thereof.
cabeçalho
headline é manchete
26
thereof
(formal or specialized)
Of this, that or it
... the house and the wals thereof, and the doors thereof...
27
coesão
cohesion
- The lack of cohesion within the party lost them votes in the election.
28
template
A generic model or pattern from which other objects are based or derived.
modelo, gabarito, padrão
- We used the structure of his report as the template for ours.
- The deal will act as a template for future negotiations.
- Transport for London believes the new charging system will become a template for congested cities across Britain.
29
consciência
(2: estado consciente e qst moral)
- I gradually passed from sleep to full[]
- The [] of one type of idea naturally fosters an awareness of another idea
->awareness
-> conscience (para qsts morais)
- I gradually passed from sleep to full awareness.
- The awareness of one type of idea naturally fosters an awareness of another idea (foster - adotar; fig.: estimular, encorajar (ótimo; usá-lo!)
- a guilty conscience
- You didn't do anything wrong - you should have a clear conscience (= not feel guilty).
30
abstruse
Difficult to comprehend or understand.
| - these profound and abstruse topics
31
agarrar; entender; ~entendimento~; ~alcance~
- Rosie suddenly [] my hand.
- We must [] every opportunity to strengthen economic ties with other countries
- I [] the gun with both hands and took aim.
- I think I managed to [] the main points of the lecture.
- He has a good [] of the issues.
- Why is success always beyond my []
- The presidency at last looked within her []
grasp
(seize tbm é agarrar
- Rosie suddenly grasped my hand.
- We must grasp every opportunity to strengthen economic ties with other countries
- I grasped the gun with both hands and took aim.
- I think I managed to grasp the main points of the lecture. (palestra)
- He has a good grasp of the issues.
- Why is success always beyond my grasp
- The presidency at last looked within her grasp
32
> grab or capture.
>To take advantage of (an opportunity or circumstance).
> confiscate
>To have a sudden and powerful effect upon.
seize
(seized seized seizing)
- seize power (no lugar de "take")
- I seized his arm and made him turn to look at me.
- The rebels have seized ten soldiers to use as hostages. (hostage - refém)
- A Malaysian tycoon seized the chance to bid for the company, and won. (tycoon magnata!)
- By having a contract already prepared, you may be able to seize the initiative in negotiations.
- Customs officers at Heathrow have seized 60 kilos of heroin.
- to seize smuggled goods (contrabandeados)
- I was suddenly seized by/with a feeling of great insecurity and loneliness
- a panic seized the crowd
- a fever seized him.
33
qnd usar letras maiúsculas
>days of the week, months of the year, holidays:
- Monday, Tuesday; January, February; Christmas Armistice Day
-> countries, Languages and Nationalities, Religions:
- Japanese, English; Christianity, Buddhism
.....(em francês, apenas qnd se refere ao povo em geral; não, qnd é adjetivo)
-> people's names and titles:
- Professor Jones, Dr Smith; Captain Kirk, King Henry VIII
-> places and monuments:
- the Latin Quarter; the Eiffel Tower, St Paul's Cathedral; Buckingham Palace, the White House; Oxford Street, Fifth Avenue; Sirius; the Middle East, the North Pole
-> vehicles like ships, trains and spacecraft:
- the Titanic; the Orient Express, the Flying Scotsman; Challenger 2, the Enterprise;
-> titles:
War And Peace; If, Futility; Like a Virgin; The Taming of the Shrew; The Lion King, Gone With The Wind
34
varrer
sweep
(swept swept; sweeping)
DIFERENTE DE "swipe" (deslizar!!)
- I use that broom to sweep the kitchen floor.
(broom - vassoura)
> to move, especially quickly and powerfully
- Everyone looked up as she swept into the room.
- The fire swept (= spread quickly) through the house.
- The National Party swept into power (= easily won the election) with a majority of almost 200.
- A 1970s fashion revival is sweeping Europe.
~varredura~
- American minesweepers are sweeping the Arabian Sea.
35
fr: bouleversement
a great change, especially causing or involving much difficulty, activity, or trouble
- Since that [] Wales have won just once in seven games
- I'm not sure it's worth the [] of moving to gain just a little more space.
- The long garbage strike in 1970 caused much political [].
upheaval
(às vezes: convulsão) (perturbação, agitação, confusão, inquietação?)
- Since that upheaval Wales have won just once in seven games
- I'm not sure it's worth the upheaval of moving to gain just a little more space.
- The long garbage strike in 1970 caused much political upheaval. (strike - greve)
36
impasse (4)
> impasse (com "e")
> deadlock
> stalemate - Any situation that has no obvious possible movement, but does not involve any personal loss.
> standoff
- The battle of wills between teacher and student was a standoff.
- She locked herself in the house, but after a brief standoff, police convinced her to come out.
- The standoff between potential buyers and sellers has effects throughout the economy.
- The major issue hanging over both the stock and bond markets is the budget standoff in Washington (stock and bonds - ações e títulos)
- We have reached an impasse in the negotiations -- neither side will budge. (budge - mover (msm q pouco))
- Tomorrow's meeting between the two leaders is expected to break a diplomatic stalemate that has lasted for ten years.
- Despite long discussions, the workers and the management remain locked in stalemate.
- Somebody will have to compromise if we are to break (= end) the deadlock between the two warring factions. (warring - que estão em guerra)
- Deadlock over wage levels has prevented an agreement being reached. (sem "from"!)
37
tropeçar (2)
- He [] over(!) a rock.
- I always [] over(!) verbs in Spanish.
- Running along the beach, she [] on a log and fell on the sand. (log - ~tronco-lenha~)
>to make a mistake, such as repeating something or pausing for too long, while speaking or playing a piece of music:
- When the poet [] over a line in the middle of a poem, someone in the audience corrected him.
> stumble
> trip
- He stumbled over(!) a rock.
- I always stumble *over* verbs in Spanish.
- Running along the beach, she stumbled *on* a log and fell on the sand. (log - ~tronco-lenha~)
(to make a mistake, such as repeating something or pausing for too long, while speaking or playing a piece of music:)
- When the poet stumbled over a line in the middle of a poem, someone in the audience corrected him.
- She broke her ankle when she had a nasty trip on the stairs.
- He tripped and fell down, grazing his knee. (graze - ~ralar~ (scrape the skin so as to break the surface but cause little or no bleeding.)
- That cable is dangerous. Someone might trip over(!) it.
- He was sent off for deliberately tripping Robson when he was about to score. (trip someone!)
38
garantir, assegurar
ensure = insure
(mas: insurAnce é c 'i' e 'a' smp)
(assure e guarantee (pass.: guaranteed) tbm poderiam c esse sentido)
- ensure that press barons will only defy the mighty so far.
- [ + two objects ] Their 2–0 victory today has ensured the Italian team a place in the Cup Final/ensured a place in the Cup Final *for* the Italian team.
- The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft. (aircraft e coisas com craft -> sing=plu (sem "s"))
- [ + (that) ] The role of the police is to ensure (that) the law is obeyed.
- Our head office will liaise with the suppliers to ensure delivery. (liaise -~entrar em contato~)
39
duvidoso
doubtful (final "ful" -> 1L!)
- The teacher is doubtful about having parents working as classroom assistAnts.
- It is doubtful whether/if they ever reached the summit before they died. (summit, aqui, "cume")
- It was doubtful that the money would ever be found again.
40
estrangeiro (ortografia)
| adj. x noun
foreign - adj
foreigner - noun
- The whole concept of democracy, she claimed, was utterly foreign to the present government.
41
perder X solto; frouxo
lose / loose
- There were some loose wires hanging out of the wall.
- Her hair was hanging loose to her shoulders. (cabelos soltos)
42
constantemente, regularmente
steadily
43
accountable
e. o. responsável, "responsabilizável" (está no Houaiss)
- She is accountable only to(!) the managing director. (perante o diretor)
- The recent tax reforms have made government more accountable for(!) its spending.
- Politicians should be accountable to(!) the public who elected them. (perante o público)
44
To fail to notice or consider
overlook (C2)
- I think there is one key fact that you have overlooked. (não considerou/levou em conta)
- No one will be overlooked when we select players for the team. (~esquecido~, segundo o google... "deixado de lado"?)
> dar vista para
> poder ser visto por outros
- Our hotel room overlooked the harbour.
- The house is surrounded by trees, so it's not overlooked at all (= it cannot be seen from any other buildings).
- Our balcony overlooks the river. (balcony - varanda)
45
reavaliar
reassess
46
arame farpado
barbed wire
47
escapar, fugir
(sem ser "escape")
flee (passados: fled)
- The prisoner tried to flee, but was caught by the guards.
(priSOner, sem "i" (como prison! (priSÃo))
- She fled (from) the room in tears.
- In order to escape capture(!), he fled to the mountains.
->desaparecer rapidamente
- Ethereal products flee once freely exposed to air.
48
> perigo, risco
- a health []
- The busy traffic entrance was a [] to pedestrians. (busy, aqui, movimentada)
> verbo: to risk doing something, especially making a guess, suggestion, etc.
- I wouldn't like to [] a guess.
hazard (noun E VERBO)
> perigo, risco
- a health hazard
- The busy traffic entrance was a hazard to pedestrians. (busy, aqui, movimentada)
> verbo: to risk doing something, especially making a guess, suggestion, etc.
- I wouldn't like to hazard a guess.
49
buscar/procurar (e buscou = buscado)
( substituindo "tentar" = C2)
- Hundreds of dissidents are [] refuge/asylum in the US embassy.
- Legal advice should be [] before you take any further action.
- They [] to(!) reassure the public. (procurar, tentar: C2)
- The country's president is [] to(!) mend(reparar) relations with the United States. (C2)
- They are [] to(!) change the rules. (C2)
seek (sought) (+ to = C2)
(formal)
- Hundreds of dissidents are seeking refuge/asylum in the US embassy.
- Legal advice should be sought before you take any further action.
- They sought to(!) reassure the public. (procurar, tentar: C2)
- The country's president is seeking to(!) mend(reparar) relations with the United States. (C2)
- They are seeking to(!) change the rules. (C2)
50
disputar ou contestar (+ passado)
>contest
> contested !
- We will certainly contest any *claims* made against the safety of our products.
- The medal is being *keenly* contested by eight gymnasts.
51
startling
surpreendente
- startling results
- He made some startling admissions about his past.
52
maduro +
amadurecer
(para alimentos
x
para pessoas)
alimentos: ripe - ripen
pessoas: mature = mature
- Those bananas aren't ripe yet - they're still green.
- The summer sunshine ripened the melons.
- These melons are ripening nicely.
(fig. o de alimentos não parece ser tão usado:)
- Eventually, soon after the beginning of the civil war, he judged the time ripe for reclaiming all the former power and wealth of his ancestors.
- mature oak trees
- Girls are said to mature faster than boys.
- It took several years for her ideas to mature.
53
"save face"
retain respect; avoid humiliation
- We said he left "to pursue other interests" to let him save face, but actually we fired him.
54
aide
assessor, ajudante, adjunto
cuidado: ajuda é "aid", sem E
- a senior government aide
- an aide to the prime minister
.
NÃO é "adido", que é "attaché" (em inglês msm)
- a naval/military/press/cultural attaché
55
dificultar (não é "hinder")
to prevent someone doing something easily
- *Fierce* storms have been [] rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors. (fierce - feroz)
- High winds [] efforts to put out the fire.
- They are, however, [] by the measurement errors that cloud the signals in observed variables.
(verbo "cloud" embaçar, ofuscar)
hamper
- *Fierce* storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors. (fierce - feroz)
- High winds hampered efforts to put out the fire.
- They are, however, hampered by the measurement errors that cloud the signals in observed variables.
(verbo "cloud" embaçar, ofuscar)
56
to bring together a group of people for a meeting, or to meet for a meeting (formal)
convene
- The prime minister convened (a meeting of) his cabinet* to discuss the matter.
- The counCil will be convening on the morning of the 25th.
- Peace talks will convene next month.
- An emergency board meeting was convened by the directors later that afternoon.
- Open Market Committee members will convene to discuss lowering interest rates.
* cabinet - gabinete- a small group of the most important people in government, who advise the President or Prime Minister and make important decisions
57
enjoy (formal); pleasure
relish
- I always relish a challenge.
- [ + -ing verb ] I don't relish telling her that her son has been arrested.
(Não me agrado de dizer...)
- She's relishing the prospect of studying in Bologna for six months.(adorando) (prospect - perspectiva)
- She ate her cake slowly and with relish. (com gosto)
- I have no relish for(!) hunting and killing animals. (não tenho gosto em)
58
vociferous
vociferante (que berra ou grita; veemente)
- A vociferous opponent of gay rights, he is well-known for his right-wing views.
- a vociferous critic of foreign policy
- vociferous objections
59
harangue
arengar
To give a forceful and lengthy lecture or criticism to someone.:
- The angry motorist leapt from his car to harangue the other driver.
60
censurar, repreender (2)
| ñ: censure ou reprehend, q existem
>chide (formal)
>rebuke (formal) (verb and noun)
- Protests Widen as Brazilians Chide Leaders
- She chided him for his bad maNNers.
- Women are chided for believing in omens and consulting astrologers and palmists (omen- presságio)
- I was rebuked by my manager for being late.
- The Justice Department publicly rebuked him *over* a leaked memorandum.
>"rebuke" tbm é noun
- He received a stern rebuke from the manager.
- Her statement drew a sharp rebuke from the Senator.
- Rebuke is the aPPropriate punishment in this case.
61
palavra formal p "meio"
- I'm sorry but I'm too busy - I'm in the [] of writing a report.
- The country is in the [] of an economic crisis.
- in the [] of a vast ocean of material prosperity.
- She caught sight of Johnny in their [] (= among them), laughing and talking.
- in the [] of an interesting discussion
- At dawn, in the [] of a mist; (dawn - aurora, amanhecer ; névoa, neblina)
midst (formal)
- I'm sorry but I'm too busy - I'm in the midst of writing a rePort.
- The country is in the midst of an economic crisis.
- in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.
- She caught sight of Johnny in *their* midst (= among them), laughing and talking.
- in the midst of an interesting discussion
- At dawn, in the midst of a mist; (dawn - aurora, amanhecer ; névoa, neblina)
62
gesso
plaster
63
across from
em frente a
| - The gym is across from the lounge
64
crackdown
~repressão~, lidar mais severamente c algo ruim
- (NY Times) After a harsh police crackdown last week fueled anger and swelled protests, President Dilma Rousseff... (swell - inchar ; President antes do nome (título) -> maiúscula)
- There has been a series of government crackdowns on(!) safety in factories. (~ações do governo~)
- The police are having a crackdown on(!) cyclists without lights. (~reprimindo~)
- The company is having a crackdown on(!) personal internet use. (~tomar medidas~?)
- The school has started a crackdown on(!) pupils who turn up late. (~tomar medidas~?)
- The government is calling for a crackdown on drivers who speed through red lights.
65
toll
> deaths, suffering or damage (em geral, número de mortos)
> pedágio
- They’re raising the bridge toll to $5.00.
- Independent sources say that the death toll from the earthquake runs into thousands.
- In addition to the physical destruction caused by the flooding, the emotional toll on its victims was iMMense.
- if past pandemics are any guide, the toll *on* poorer and vulnerable *segments of society* will be several times worse. (a high degree of suffering or damage)
66
derrubar (um governo etc) = derrubada
overthrow
(overthrew - overthrown)
(topple (verb)- tbm é usado)
- *the overthrow* of the monarchy (noun)
- I hate the current government, but not enough to want to overthrow them. (verb) (government pode ser tratado como sing ou plu!)
- He said that Allende's government in Chile was overthrown by the army and the CIA in 1973.
- He allegedly plotted to overthrow the government
67
guise
the appearance of someone or something, especially when intended to deceive (não é disfarce; mas, aparência e forma de agir)
- The men who arrived in the guise of drug dealers were actually undercover police officers.
- The company has been accused of trying to sell their products under the guise of market research. (pretexto)
- They were said to be dressed in various guises, as beggars and pilgrims (peregrinos) (....)
68
~atrofiar~
| To check or hinder the growth or development of
stunt (verbo)
- Some have said smoking stunts your growth.
- children with stunted growth
- Drought has stunted this year’s corn crop.
(Drought = seca; crop = colheita)
- some weeds produce chemicals that stunt the plant's growth
(mas uma mão atrofiada é uma "withered hand")
69
agitação
- It is feared that the civil [] we are now witnessing in this country could lead to full-scale civil war.
- civil/social/labor []
- The president is cutting short an international trip because of growing [] in his country.
unrest (C2)
- It is feared that the civil unrest we are now witnessing in this country could lead to full-scale civil war.
- civil/social/labor unrest
- The president is cutting short an international trip because of growing unrest in his country.
70
wheeze
"estertor", chiado, ofegar (of a person) breathe with a whistling or rattling sound in the chest, as a result of obstruction in the air passages.
- the illness often leaves her wheezing
- I could hear the old man behind me wheezing.
- I know when I've been smoking too much because I start to wheeze when I run for a train.
- The cough, wheeze, and shortness of breath are things that go with smoking, not with age.
71
abarrotar
cram (INFORMAL)
| - to cram a room with people
- The boy crammed himself with cake
tbm: to study hard
72
ansioso, impaciente (para alguma coisa)
[for smthg -ou- to infinitive]
- the children's [] faces
- [ + to infinitive ] She sounded very [] to meet you.
- They crowded around the spokesperson, [] for(!) any news.
- I'm [] to see her after all this time.
- Sam was [] to get home and play with his new toy.
- they are [] for(!) their products.
eager
[for smthg -ou- to infinitive]
- the children's eager faces
- She sounded very eager to meet you.
- They crowded around the spokesperson, eager for any news.
- I'm eager to see her after all this time.
- Sam was eager to get home and play with his new toy.
- they are eager for(!) their products.
73
aplaudir + aplaudido
cheer + cheered
(applaud e applause (aplauso) tbm existem e são usados)
- Everyone cheered as the winners received their medals.
- He was cheering for the other side. (torcendo!)
- His victory in the 400 metres earned him the biggest cheer of the afternoon.
-Three cheers for the winning team!
(cheerleader)
74
responsabilidade (ortografia e artigo)
responsibility (for ou to) (c "i"!!)
- The ultimate responsibility for the start of the First World War...
- responsibility to protect
- It's her responsibility to(!) ensure the project finishes on time.
- you have responsibility for(!) collecting up the books after the class.
- He has taken over responsibility for(!) this project.
- Terrorists have claimed responsibility for(!) yesterday's bomb attack.
- The job carries a lot of responsibility
75
violação; brecha; - violar; romper
- They felt that our discussions with other companies constituted a [] of/in our agreement.
- He was sued for [] of contract.
- There have been serious security [] (= breaks in our security system).
- The theatre was in [] of the safety laws for having no fire doors. (be in [] of smthg)
- A cannon ball had made a [] in their castle walls.
- They [] the agreement they had made with their employer. (quebrar um acordo, lei etc -> [] é linguagem formal)
- Their defences were easily [].
- And nobody worried about [] the wall between church and state.
breach (noun and verb)
- A cannon ball had made a breach in their castle walls.
- They felt that our discussions with other companies constituted a breach of/in our agreement.
- He was sued for breach of contract.
- in breach of an arms embargo (em violação a um embargo de armas)
- There have been serious security breaches (= breaks in our security system).
- The theatre was in breach of the safety laws for having no fire doors. (be in breach of smthg)
- They breached the agreement they had made with their employer. (quebrar um acordo, lei etc -> breach é linguagem formal)
- Their defences were easily breached.
- And nobody worried about breaching the wall between church and state.
76
brief (adj, noun, verb)
> a concise statement or summary
>verb - instruct or inform (someone) thoroughly, especially in preparation for a task
>of short duration
- their comments were cribbed right from industry briefs
(crib = copiar sem autorização)
- Lucky Tahlia got to sit through (~~aguentar~~) my cursing and weariness(cansaço) as she directed and briefed me.
- He'd asked to be allowed just one visit, one brief encounter with Angel.
77
denunciante (i apitador!) (ortografia)
"whistleblower"="whistle-blower"="whistle blower"
- Watkins is the woman that brought the Enron scandal to light, but would-be whistle-blowers in the federal government can't seem to get their complaints heard
78
to coax (into)
to persuade someone gently to do something or go somewhere, by being kind and patient, or by appearing to be
- The actors were somehow coaxed into(!) performances that matched their gigantic surroundings.
- Perhaps you could coax your father into taking you to the station.
- A mother was coaxing her reluctant child into the water.
- a coaxing voice
79
colher = colheita
| + outro p "colheita"
>harvest
só "colheita"
> crop (tbm é plantar/cultivar ou dar frutos)
-We had a good harvest this year.
- Farmers are reporting a bumper (= very big) harvest this year.
- In the US, winter wheat is harvested in the early summer.
- Farmers sort the vegetables when they harvest.
- Farmers have reported a bumper crop this year.
- After three crop failures in a row, the people face starvation.
- The land is intensively cropped. (cultivada)
- The carrots have cropped (= grown) well this year
80
encorajar, dar coragem
to embOLden
(bOLd é corajoso)
- It emboldens you to do things you wouldn't do on your own
- I felt so emboldened by my solitary lunch experience that I then went and sat in the foyer of the National theatre.
("discourage" é o contrário)
81
overstretch
sobrecarregar (além de "esticar-se demais")
| - It is madness to cut the infantry at a time when they are already overstretched .
82
ashen (adj)
of the pale gray color of ash.
| - His face was ashen , a yellowish grey color that spoke of death.
83
> retirar, remover, afastar
| > retirada, o ato em si
> withdraw
withdrew - withdrawn - withdrawing
> withdrawal
- All charges against them were withdrawn after the prosecution's case collapsed.
- The bank became suspicious after several large withdrawals were made from his account in a single week.
- This credit card allows you to withdraw up to £200 a day from ATMs.
- The UN will dictate the terms of troop withdrawal from the region.
- Cassie slowly withdrew her foot watching Darla writhe ("contorcer-se") in the seat.
- Under a Russian-brokered deal the Yugoslav army withdrew from Kosovo (brokered - intermediado)
84
cessar
cease
- With local body reorganisation a number of these positions have ceased to exist
- You can only cease dealing with it if you have *dealt* with it
- *Now and again* we would have watched a funny TV programme together and hostilities would cease
((every) now and then/again - às vezes, mas NEM SEMPRE)
(ceasefire = cessar-fogo)
85
manifestantes (3)
>demonstrators, protesters=protestors; rioters
- But have you ever sympathised with road protesters, anti-nuclear demonstrators or those who tear up genetically modified crops? (~arrancam colheitas geneticamente modificadas~)
- Police and rioters clashed violently.
- She watched rioters setting fire to the vehicles.
86
botch
carry out (a task) badly or carelessly.
- It will face some difficulties, not least because it has been, and will probably continue to be, so badly botched by so many along the way.
- In 1956, a botched intervention in the Suez laid bare the decay in British power and marked the end of the United Kingdom’s *reign* as a global power. ( lay bare - deixar exposto, revelar)
> to spoil something by doing it badly
- We botched (up) our first attempt at wallpapering the bathroom.
> noun p isso
- The company made a series of botches before it went bankrupt.
87
```
> pressa
+
> apressado, precipitado
+
> apressadamente, precipitadamente
```
- Unfortunately the report was prepared in [] and contained several inaccuracies.
- In her [] to get up from the table, she knocked over a cup. (+ to infinitive)
- He warned against making [] decisions.
- Now let's not leap to any [] conclusions.
____leap to smth - ir/pular apressadamente
- he [] changed the subject
- maybe I acted too []
> haste (disapproving)
> hasty
> hastily
(Hurry é mais usado como o noun e como verbo)
- Unfortunately the report was prepared in haste and contained several inaccuracies.
- In her haste to get up from the table, she knocked over a cup. (+ to infinitive)
- He warned against making hasty decisions.
- Now let's not leap to any hasty conclusions.
____leap to smth - ir/pular apressadamente
- he hastily changed the subject
- maybe I acted too hastily
- Hurry or you'll be late
- [ + to infinitive ] She hurried to answer the phone.
- Are you in a hurry (= wanting) to leave?
88
decreto = decretar
decree
(decreed; decreed;
decreeing)
(como seeing)
- However, opposition groups outside the country claim that forced labor continues in the country despite the official decree.
- Within a few hours he had issued Directive No. 25, decreeing Yugoslavia's obliteration and assigning secondary roles in its conquest to Italy and Hungary.
89
issue (verb and noun)
```
>emitir
>~distribuir/distribuição~
> ~questão~
> take issue with sth - disagree strongly (formal)
> the action of flowing or coming out
> a result or outcome of something
* children of one's own
```
- A marriage certificate was also issued by the temple authorities.
- Almost at once, the smell of plant life issued from the room ducts as fresh air from the outside began to vent throughout ship.
- the issue of promissory notes by the bank (distribuição/emissão)
- As employers we need to be seen to be addressing (= dealing with) these issues sympathetically.
- The point *at* issue is what is best for the child. (o ponto em questão)
- I took issue with him over his interpretation of the instructions.
- ...had died without male issue in 1748.
- With an issue of blood she was cut off from the worship of God in the formal sense.
- The successful issue of the great battle increased business and made the general attitude still firmer.
90
emitir
to issue
- ...an official order issued by a legal authority
- Within a few hours he had issued Directive No. 25, decreeing Yugoslavia's obliteration and assigning secondary roles in its conquest to Italy and Hungary.
91
empregado (noun) (sing e plu) (ortografia)
emplyee; plu: employees
92
estabelecer (ortografia)
establish (com E!)
(como "especially")
- There is a strong need to establish effective communication links between staff, parents, pupils, and external bodies.
- The brewery was established in 1822.
- When the college was established in 1546, it inherited a hall from each of three antecedent institutions.
- An aid programme was established to oil the wheels of economic reform in the region.
93
bem estar (ortografia)
well-being
welfare (tbm)
94
emergência; (ortografia)
ascensão
x
urgência
Ascensão ->
eMergencE
(1 "M" SÓ, MESMO EM FRANCÊS!)
Urgência ->
emergency
("em..." NÃO dobram o M, diferentemente de "im" (immigrant etc.))
- China's emergence as an economic power
- the emergence of a new strain of the HIV virus
(strain = cepa)
- Is the emergency exit suitable for wheelchairs?
95
be enshrined in sth (in some law, declaration etc)
>Consagrado - If a political or social right is enshrined in something, it is protected by being included in it
> ~guardado como sagrado em algum lugar~
- The right of freedom of speech is enshrined in law/in the constitution.
- His love for her is enshrined forever in his poetry.
- The memory of our friendship will be enshrined in my heart.
- Those basic rights are enshrined in the Constitution of the United States.
96
the part of the day between the afternoon and the night:
evening
97
try very hard
strive (C2 e usado por aprovados!)
(strive for [noun]; strive to [verb])
- We must strive to narrow the gap between rich and poor.
- We strive to ensure that all children are treated equally.
- We strive for perfection but sometimes have to accept something less.
- We are constantly striving to improve our service.
- The former leader now has to watch his successor unpicking much of what he strived so hard to achieve.
(unpick ~ desfazer)
(former, aqui, "ex-": ñ precisa ser usado com apenas 2 opções, como "latter")
98
sistema (ortografia)
system
| - a very *elaborate* system
fr: (un) système
99
more and more (1 palavra em ing) (ortografia)
increasingly
100
~ supostamente ~ (3)
> supposedly
> purportedly
> allegedly
- When viewed this way, some of the purportedly tough cases are not tough at all.
- The study purportedly found that men married to smart women live longer.
- That's where he allegedly killed his wife.
- She was arrested for allegedly stealing a car.
- It’s a collection of recipes which allegedly can be prepared in 30 minutes.
- And what might be the underlying significance of these supposedly random acts of violence?
- There was a hidden meaning in her supposedly innocent remarks. (hide hid hidden)
101
inevitável (ortografia)
inevitable c1!
(unavoidable tbm existe, mas n parece mt usado)
- The accident was the inevitable consequence/result/outcome of carelessness.
102
pedra fundamental
the most important part of a plan, idea, etc. on which everything else depends
+ [preposição usada]
keystone
- A keystone of(!) its corporate strategy is to invest in people, technology, and training to create a brand.
- Selling overseas has been, and always will remain, one of the keystones of(!) our national prosperity.
- The assumption that "consent" is the source of a government's legitimacy represents a conceptual keystone in liberal theory.
103
formal word for "stop"
cease
(não vi exemplos c "verbo ing" o seguindo)
- Whether the protests will cease remains to be seen.
- The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year.
- [ + to infinitive ] It was hard to accept that one day he would simply cease to exist.
- Workplace nurseries will cease to be liable for tax.
(nursery - creche ou berçário)
104
culminar + [prep]
culminate (in)
- ..the scene culminates in an emotional breakdown where the priSOner...
- In June the National Marquetry Exhibition culminated in the award of prizes to the best marquetarians in the land.
- The discovery culminated many years of research. (*culminate smth*)
105
magnitude
magnitude
- They don't seem to grasp the magnitude of the problem.
- The magnitude of the task would have discouraged an ordinary man.
106
medida = medir (ortografia)
measure (com A!!, diferente do francês (mesure))
- There was a large measure of agreement between the candidates. (uso formal)
- His success was in some measure due to his being in the right place at the right time. (uso formal)
107
entrar em erupção (fig tbm)
erupt
- At the end of a hot summer, violence erupted in the *inner* cities.
- The crowd erupted in applause and cheering.
- The political context in which this coMMercial outcry erupted contributed greatly to its success. (outcry ~ clamor)
108
>manter, sustentar (C2)
| > to suffer or experience, especially damage or loss, undergo, (em fr: "subir") (formal)
sustain
- He seems to find it difficult to sustain relationships with women
- It proved particularly difficult to sustain the interest of the older children.
- Economic growth cannot be sustained without a rise in inflation
- She sustained multiple injuries in the accident.
- Most buildings sustained only minimal damage in the earthquake.
- The company has sustained heavy losses this year.
- Throughout the ordeal, he was sustained by the belief that he would get home. (ordeal=provação)
> (tbm) The judge sustained (= accepted) the lawyer's objection.
109
soberania (ortografia)
sovereignty
| - Talks are being held about who should have sovereignty over the island.
110
SUBSTITUTO PARA "DO"
> to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult; empreender, realizar
> prometer, encarregar-se
- Students are required to [] simple experiments.
- This is one of the largest aid projects ever [].
- I'm just beginning to realize the enormity of what I have []
- Some companies have [] a thorough transformation of their production methods.
- [ + to infinitive ] She [] not to publish the names of the people involved. (prometeu)
- [ + that ] The government [] that the buildings would not be redeveloped. (prometeu/comprometei-se)
- I [] to help him learn English. (prometi/comprometi-me)
undertake (formal)
(undertook - undertaken)
- Students are required to undertake simple experiments.
- This is one of the *largest* aid projects ever undertaken. (superlativos e comparativos não vão para o plural)
- I'm just beginning to realize the enormity of what I have undertaken.
- Some companies have undertaken a thorough transformation of their production methods.
- [ + to infinitive ] She undertook not to publish the names of the people involved. (prometeu)
- [ + that ] The government undertook that the buildings would not be redeveloped. (prometeu/comprometei-se)
- I undertook to help him learn English. (prometi/comprometi-me)
111
um ao/do/com outro (2)
- they were made for []
- They are highly suspicious of []
- They kept looking at [] and smiling.
- The two countries went to war with [] over oil prices.
- They're always wearing []'s clothes.
- Factions previously at war with [] are now united against the common enemy. (faction - faccção)
- Why are you always arguing with []?
>each other (separadao!)
> one another
- they were made for each other
- They are highly suspicious of one another.
- They kept looking at each other and smiling.
- The two countries went to war with one another over oil prices.
- They're always wearing each other's clothes.
- Factions previously at war with one another are now united against the common enemy. (faction - faccção)
- Why are you always arguing with each other?
112
instável + instabilidade (ortografia)
unstable COM U!!! + instability COM I!!!
- It is a poor and politically unstable society.
- political/economic instability
- The instability of the euro continues.
113
século (ortografia)
century (com c...)
114
to be to (3 circunstâncias)
> ~dever~ - exprime dever de forma impessoal
> ~dever~ - *planos para o futuro*
> c "if" exprime suposição
- No food of any kind is to be taken into the examination room.
- I don't mind her going to Ruth's party but she's not to be back late.
- You are not to leave this house without my permission. Is that clear?
- A meeting of finance ministers is to be held in Brussels.
- The Prime Minister is to make a further visit to Devon next week.
- Work is to begin this week on the new bridge across the Nile north of Aswan.
- Augustus was to become Roman Emperor six years later. (pode ou não ter acontecido)
- He was to have appeared in the West End show but broke his collar bone during rehearsals.
- If I were to increase my offer from five hundred to five hundred and fifty pounds, would you be interested in selling me your car then?
- If we are to solve the world's pollution problems, we must address environmental issues now.
115
> every + time
X
> every + thing
> every time (separado)
X
> everything (junto)
116
diferenciar (orografia)
differentiate (2 Fs e T!!)
- We do not differentiate between(!) our employees on the basis of their race, religion, or national origin.
- The slate roof differentiates this house from others in the area. (slate é uma pedra aí)
117
on behalf of sb = on sb's behalf = in behalf of sb = in sb's behalf (2 sentidos)
> representing
> because of or for the good of
> in the interest or aid of
- On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work.
- >Please don't leave on my behalf.< (~because of me~)
- The pupils were enthusiastic in their fund-raising efforts on the charity's behalf.
- Unfortunately, George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept this award on his behalf.
- She wasn't able to be present, so I signed the letter in her behalf.
- Conservatives in power, he argues, carried the ' pursuit of order ' to such an extreme as to provoke a violent reaction on behalf of liberty. (~em nome da~)
118
qualquer um (ortografia) (2) a...
anyone ou anybody (com Y!)
119
felizmente (ortografia)
Fortunately
120
inconsciente (ortografia)
unconscious
- collective unconscious
- She was hit on the head by a stone and knocked unconscious.
121
físico (adj)
physical ("ph", "y" e "al" no final)
122
triunfo = triunfar(ortografia)
triumph
(triumphed)
- The Democrats once again triumphed in recent elections.
- The eRadication of smallpox by vaccination was one of medicine's greatest triumphs. (varíola)
123
supérfluo (ortografia)
superfluous
- The report was marred by a mass of superfluous detail. (mar - (formal) - to spoil something, making it less good or less enjoyable)
124
bandeja
tray
- He laid the tray down on the table. (laid - passado de lay)
- obs: ashtray - cinzeiro
125
twice the size, amount, price, etc., or consisting of two similar things together
- I ordered a [] espresso (= two standard amounts in one cup).
- Go through the [] doors and turn left.
- The word "cool" has a [] "o" in(!) the middle.
double (NÃO tem letras duplas (como "trouble" tbm não tem))
- I ordered a double espresso (= two standard amounts in one cup).
- Go through the double doors and turn left.
- The word "cool" has a double "o" in the middle.
126
[com ou sem artigo] nationalism
[sem artigo] nationalism
| > Palavras terminadas em "ism" não são precedidas de artigo!
127
stem from sth
| phrasal verb
decorrer de; surgir de
>to start or develop as the result of something
- Her problems stem from her difficult childhood.
- Their disagreement stemmed from a misunderstanding.
128
marítimo (formal) + marinho
> maritime ("seafaring" tbm é usado)
> marine
- Amalfi and Venice were important maritime powers.
- Make sure you visit the maritime museum if you're interested in anything to do with ships or seafaring.
- The oil slick seriously threatens marine life around the islands. (oil slick - mancha de óleo)
- Marine biologists are concerned about the effects of untreated sewage that is flowing into coastal waters. (sewage - esgoto)
- a seafaring man (= a sailor)
- Both these areas had a strong boat-building and seafaring tradition.
129
alimentar; nourrir
nourish (fr: nourrir !)
- Children need plenty of good fresh food to nourish them.
- This cream is supposed to help nourish your skin.
- Lisa has long nourished the hope of becoming a famous writer. (para plano, sentimento, crença etc é "formal")
130
tradução de palavras pt começando com dif e def (p o francês tbm!)
```
dif -> diff (dobra o F)
def -> def (mantém 1 só)
- different (fr: différent)
- difficult (fr: difficile)
- defense=defence (fr: défense)
```
131
"sentar" e seus passados
sit; passados: sat
132
scared
X
scarred
scared - com medo
scarred - deixou uma cicatriz
(scar (1 R só) - cicatriz = deixar uma cicatriz
133
espontâneo
spontaneous
| - His jokes seemed spontaneous, but were in fact carefully prepared *beforehand.*
134
>polidez, educação (ortografia)
+
>adjetivo respectivo
> politeness
> polite
- They asked how he was out of politeness, not because they really wanted to know.
- She smiled at the boy's politeness.
- I'm afraid I wasn't very polite to her.
135
> no total, bruto
=
> unacceptable (smp antes de um noun!)(especially in law)(formal)
- Produto Interno bruto
Gross
- Gross domestic product
- Once wrapped, the gross weight of the package is 2.1 kg.
- gross misconduct/indecency (formal)
- a gross violation of justice (formal)
136
aborto
| abortar
abortion
abort
- The mission had to be aborted *at* the last minute.
- If something goes wrong during the launch sequence the system will automatically abort.
- He declared that women have a right to abort a nonviable(!) fetus.
(fr: avortement)
137
ilegal (trad p ing E p fr)
illegal (2 Ls)
| fr: illégal(e)
138
circunstâncias
circumstances (com M!)
(como "circumvent")
- I think she coped very well under the circumstances. (cope - lidar)
139
exceto (ortografia)
except
- The museum is open daily except Monday(s). (Monday c/ maiúscula)
- Everyone was there except for(!) Sally.
- There is nothing to indicate the building's past, except (for) the fireplace.
140
>gravidez
+
> grávida
>pregnancy
| >pregnant
141
oferecer (p ing + fr)
offer
(fr: offre)
- She was offered a job in Paris.
- My father offered to take us to the airport.
- It's an organization that offers free legal advice to people on low incomes.
- It says in the guide that this area offers some of the best walks in England.
142
garrafa
bottle
143
mecanismo (ortografia)
mechanism
- These automatic cameras have a special focusing mechanism. (grafia de focus!)
- The mechanism for collecting taxes needs revising.
- She's actually kind of insecure, and her rudeness is just a defence mechanism. (rudEness)
144
catástrofe
catastrophe (tem E no final)
| - They were warned of the ecological catastrophe to come.
145
thorough, além de meticuloso
completo
- All the other teachers are thoroughly disillusioned with their colleague(!).
- I thoroughly approve of(!) what the government is doing.
- The district attorney’s office conducted a thorough investigation. (attorney - procurador)
- The doctor gave him a thorough medical examination.
146
ilógico;ilusão; ilustrar; ilegal; ilícito; iluminar; desiludido (ortografias)
( 2Ls!) illogical; illusion; illustrate; illegal; illicit; illuminate; disillusioned (com i!)
147
This [último/mais recente] conflict further illustrates the weakness of the UN.
This latest conflict further illustrates the weakness of the UN. (ilustra ainda mais)
148
peça; pedaço; fragmento; bocado
| ortografia
piece
- a piece of cloth torn from her coat
(tear tore torn= arrancar (ou rasgar))
- His clothes were dirty and *falling to pieces*
(fall TO pieces e, não, qqr outra prep)
- a piece of furniture/clothing/equipment (a single object of a particular type)
- a piece of paper (= a whole sheet)
- a piece of china (= an object made of china (china= louça, porcelana)
- a piece of information/advice
149
maré
tide
| - high/low tide
150
ordain
>tornar padre ou autoridade religiosa
| >dar ordem; "order" (vindo de deus ou alguma grande autoridade) (não parece ser muit usado)
151
cena (ortografia)
scene
como scenery (cenário, paisagem) e scenario (p. futuro)
152
> of or in an earlier time; before the present time or in the past ("ex")
> contrário de latter: the first of two people, things, or groups previously mentioned
former
- his former wife
- We need a reference from your former employer.
- Of the two suggestions, I prefer the former.
153
simpatizar (ortografia)
sympathise = sympathize
- I know what it's like to have migraines, so I really sympathize (with you).
- I sympathize with the general aims of the organization, but on(!) this particular issue I disagree.
154
> discordar [preposição] someone [preposição] something
| I have to [discordar] [prep] you [prep] that issue
disagree with someone ON something
- I have to disagree with you on that issue.
- We disagree on(!) most things, but on(!) this question we are at one with each other.
(at one = em harmonia, unidade)
155
come (vir) - passados
come - came - come
- We came by car.
- I've come straight from the airport.
156
colega (Eng e Fr)
colleague (Fr: collègue)
- We're entertaining some colleagues of Carol's tonight.
- He always got along well with his colleagues in the university.
157
> to develop or make progress in something(C2)
> more or extra
> comparativo de "far"
further (farther tbm, APENAS qnd é p ~mais longe~)
- He has probably done more to further the cause of interracial harmony than any other person.
- Additional training is probably the best way to further your career these days.
- Have you anything further to add?
- If you have any further problems, let me know.
- It cost me £50 a day and a further £60 for insurance.
- I never got further than the first five pages of "Ulysses".
- We discussed the problem but we didn't get much further in actually solving it.
- Every day she sinks further and further into depression.
- It was much further *to* the town centre than I remembered.
158
argila = barro
x
cerâmica
argila = barro - clay
| cerâmica - pottery
159
porcelana
porcelain; china
160
fogo = atirar = fogueira
fire
(fired - firing)
- Someone started firing at us.
161
multidão (noun) + cheio de gente (adjetivo)
crowd + crowded
| - A crowd of about 15,000 attended the concert.
162
túnel
tunnel (2Ns!)
| =/= panel (1N) - painel
163
bolha
> bolha e sentidos figurados (e o verbo)
> bolha na pele (e em algumas superfícies) (e o verbo)
-> bubble (2Bs e só com u)
-> blister
( trouble só tem 1B)
- New shoes always give me blisters.
- The sun blistered the paintwork.
- I burned my shoulders over the weekend and they're starting to blister.
- As water begins to boil, bubbles rise to the surface.
- I love champagne - I think it's the bubbles that make it so good.
- Japan's economic bubble
- the housing bubble (imobiliária)
- He made millions before the dotcom bubble burst. (dotcom - pontocom; burst - estourar, rebentar)
- The candidate liked to talk to ordinary people to get a fix on what was happening outside his bubble. (get a fix on sth- to understand what a situation is like)
- On social media we all tend to live *in* our bubbles, where everyone feels the same way we do.
164
sintoma
symptom
| - he's started to *develop* the symptoms *of* AIDS.
165
tonto + tontura
dizzy + dizziness
| - I felt dizzy with excitement as I went up to collect the award.
166
atrair
attract (2 Ts)
167
>cômico
| >história em quadrinhos
comic
- a comic actor/performance
- The speech had several comic touches.
> comic ou comic book
> the comics - seção do jornal com quadrinhos
168
passageiro (de ônibus etc)
passenger (com E)
169
acusar
| acusação
```
accuse
accusation
- He's been accused of robbery/murder.
- Are you accusing me of lying?
(fr: accuser (2Cs tbm)
```
170
desaparecer (2)
> disappear (2Ps)
- The search was called off for the sailors who disappeared in the storm.
> vanish
- The child vanished while on her way home from school.
- We ran out *after* the thief, but he had vanished into thin air (= had completely disappeared).
171
gado
cattle
172
investidor
investor
- A New York investor offered to acquire the company's shares for $13 each.
- The company was set up to buy and sell shares on behalf of investors.
173
balcão
counter
| - There was nobody behind/on the counter when I went into the bank, and I had to wait to be served.
174
tchau
goodbye (junto)
175
dentro de uma área ou período ou não além dessa área ou período
within
- Two thirds of Californians live within 15 miles of the coast. (a menos de)
- In 1992 cross-border controls within the EU were dismantled.(!)
- The resort lies within easy reach of (= not far from) the ski slopes.
- The electricity company guarantees connection within 24 hours.
- The tickets should reach you within the week (= before the end of this week).
- We recommend that this wine should be consuMed within six months. (em até?)
- We came within five points of beating them (= we would have beaten them if we had had five more points).
176
autoridade + autorização (Eng e Fr)
> authority (Fr: autorité) (TH em Eng!)
> authorization = authorisation
- Medical records cannot be disclosed without authorization from the patient. (disclose - tornar público; publicizar(formal))
- The United Nations has used/exerted/exercised its authority to restore peace in the area.
(Fr: autorisation) (TH em Eng!)
177
> aparato, equipamentos
> direcionar, voltar
> engrenagem / marcha de carro
gear
- fishing/camping gear
- Police in riot gear (= protective clothing) arrived to control the protesters.
- He kept his woodworking gear in the garage.
- The workers said they received no protective gear or warnings about the dangers of asbestos. (amianto)
- Our program is geared *to* the needs of children.
- geared their output to consumer demands. (output- produção)
- Does your car have five or six gears?
- When no European state answered Italy’s urgent appeal for medical equipment and protective gear, China publicly coMMiTTed to sending 1,000 ventilators
178
```
incêndio (que não fire)
=
to burn brightly and strongly
=
(literário) to be brightly lit or full of colour
=
disparar continuamente
```
blaze
(blazd - blazing)
- put out the blaze (put out - apagar)
- The sun was blazing down that afternoon.
- (literário) Isaac's eyes suddenly blazed with anger.
- The ship's guns blazed at the British as they tried to run for shore.
179
satélite
satellite (=Fr) (2Ls!)
180
paciente (Eng e Fr)
patient (Eng=Fr)
(com os msms sentidos: adj e substantivo)
(maaaas patienCe)
- having patience: Be patient with her - she's very young.
- I'm a patient of Dr Stephens; please could I make an appointment to see her?
181
comunicar
communicate
182
algodão (Eng x Fr)
cotton (Eng)
coton (Fr)
!!!
183
> parte feita p pegar - puxadeira, alça, maçaneta
| > (verb) to deal with, have responsibility for, or be in charge of
handle
- I just opeNed the drawer as usual and the handle came away in my hand.
- a door handle
- the handle on a suitcase (suitcase- mala)
- I can't pick the kettle up - the handle's too hot. (kettle- chaleira)
- She turned the handle and slowly opened the door.
- I thought he handled the situation very well.
- If you can't handle the job I'll get someone else to do it.
- Some people are brilliant with computers, but have no idea how to handle (= behave with) other people.
184
as letras dobram? quais?
> ad[]res[]
> ac[]ros[]
> address
| > across (1C só!)
185
make up [something] (2)
(além de preparar, criar e inventar (e.o.))
(phrasal verb, preteri-lo)
> ~completar~
> do later
- We’re $5 short, but I’ll make up the difference.
- The rest will have to be made up with imports from China or rapidly increased domestic manufacturing.(completado)
- The coLLege will make up the difference between your loan and your tuition. (tuition. - taxa escolar)
- In such cases the coLLege will make it up
- She left work early and made up the time by staying late the next day.
186
> aconselhar
X
> conselho (dado, aconselhado)
> aconselhar - advise
> conselho - advice (INCONTÁVEL)
(contável: a *piece of* advice)
- Let me give you *some* advice: stay away from Margaret. (NÃO poderia ser "an" no lugar de "some")
- She gave him a lot of advicE, but I don’t think he listened. (a lot of advice (no sing!)
- I have two pieces of advice for you about the holiday.
- I strongly advise you to lose weight.
- They finally did what we advised.
- I think I’ll *take* your advice and go home.
187
avaliação
evaluation
- Evaluation of this new treatment cannot take place until all the data has been collected.
- Part of the rankings include evaluations by three administrators of other colleges in the same caTegory.
- You need a careful evaluation by an experienced doctor.
- The researchers turned up no credible evaluations at all. (turn up, aqui, apresentar)
188
uso do "whom"
sempre objeto
(formal)
(trocar a ordem e ver se fica "him", "them" etc)
- Before a job interview it is a good idea, if you can, to find out some background information about the people *for* whom you would be working (work for *them*)
- Over 200 people attended the ceremony, many *of* whom had known Harry as their teacher (many of *them*)
- She gave birth in 1970 to a boy whom she named Caleb James. (she named *him*)
- He didn’t ask for whom I had voted. (I voted for him)
- He told me where he went and with whom.
189
> cuidar p q cresça, estimular o crescimento (=criação)
X
> nutrir
- She wants to stay at home and [] her children.
- a carefully [] garden (aqui, cuidado)
- As a record company executive, his job is to [] young talent.
- Winifred [] ambitions for her daughter to be a surgeon.
- Which do you believe has the strongest influence on how children develop - nature or []? (criação)
- Children need plenty of good fresh food to [] them.
- She looks happy and well [].
- This cream is supposed to help [] your skin.
- Lisa has long [] the hope of becoming a famous writer.
- Candy isn’t very []. (nutritivo)
> nurture - cuidar etc
> nourish - nutrir
(ambos usados fig. como em pt)
- She wants to stay at home and nurture her children.
- a carefully nurtured garden (aqui, "cuidado")
- As a record company executive, his job is to nurture young talent.
- Winifred nurtured ambitions for her daughter to be a surgeon.
- Which do you believe has the strongest influence on how children develop - nature or nurture? (criação)
- Children need plenty of good fresh food to nourish them.
- She looks happy and well nourished.
- This cream is supposed to help nourish your skin.
- Lisa has long nourished the hope of becoming a famous writer.
- Candy isn’t very nourishing. (nutritivo)
190
inasmuch as
(acho que o Shawn falou para não usar)
> visto que; dado que; since
> to such a degree as
- Inasmuch as you are their commanding officer, you are responsible for the behaviour of these men.
- Inasmuch as funding is not available, building plans have been delayed.
- She'll help us, inasmuch as she is able.
191
> have sb [verb] sth
X
> have sb [verb ing] sth
-> do - ~solicitação, instrução~ de alguém de hierarquia mais elevada, em geral
-> doing - causa e efeito, em geral
- Our teacher had us write a paper on World War II (= requested that we)
- The manager had security kick him out of the store.
- I’ll have my driver pick you up at seven.
(= tell my driver to)
- They would have Icarus do all the work himself, if they could
- ...hatched a plot with the Israelis to have them attack the canal (hatch - ~planejar(algo secreto)~ ; plot, aqui, *conspiração*)
- Nasser had already arranged, by then, to have the Soviet Union fUnd the project (fund- financiar)
- The ending of the movie had us crying like babies (nos fez chorar)
- He's really funny. He'll have you *laughing* your head off at every joke
192
wind up
(wound up - wound up)
(phrasal verb e INFORMAL: preteri-lo)
~terminar por~ (de maneira negativa), acabar
- If he keeps doing stuff like that he's going to wind up in prison!
- You don't want to wind up homeless, do you?
- If you aren’t careful lifting weights, you could wind up hurting yourself.
- The very compulsiveness with which the Soviet Union and the United States sought to bring such states within their orbits wound up giving those states the meanS of escape.
193
entrelaçar
entwine
- The picture captures the two lovers with their arms entwined.
- The old-fashioned porch was entwined with many creeping plants.
(porch - varanda!! ; creeping plant - planta rastejante)
- In the old days, moviemaking was entwined with political and social life.
- Both economies, entwined in a deeply embedded codependency, will be hurt (embedded- enraizado, incorporado; codependencY (mas (in)dependencE, em geral)
194
> extremely careful and correct, and involving a lot of effort
> minucioso, meticuloso
painstaking (adj)
>painstakingly - meticulosamente
- It took many months of painstaking research, but he was now ready to write the book.
- He was described by his colleagues as a painstaking journalist.
- She painstakingly explained how the machine worked.
- There are those who advocate an 'auTHentic' approach, painstakingly trying to use exactly the technology and performance practice of the original time.
195
> amontoar desorganizadamente = pilha desorganizada (como de roupas)
> perífrase c essa palavra : "encher de"
- a [] of clothes/rubbish
- He [] more food *onto* his plate.
-...[períf] sanctions [períf] Iran in the hope of pushing it back to the negotiating table, or spurring another revolution. (spur- esporar, estimular)
- Put the vegetable peelings on the compost []. (peelings- cascas ; compost- de compostagem)
- Her belongings were scattered in various [] around the room. (scatter- espalhar)
- He deals well with all the criticism [perífrase] him.
- Under Trump’s “America First” administration, the US has turned inward, [períf] scorn [períf] its once-loyal allies, withdrawing support for key multilateral institutions, and embracing trade protectionism. (scorn- desprezo)
> heap
> heap sth on sb - "encher de"
- a heap of clothes/rubbish
- He heaped more food *onto* his plate.
-...heaping sanctions on Iran in the hope of pushing it back to the negotiating table, or spurring another revolution. (spur- esporar, estimular)
- Put the vegetable peelings on the compost heap. (peelings- cascas ; compost- de compostagem)
- Her belongings were scattered in various heaps around the room. (scatter- espalhar)
- He deals well with all the criticism heaped *on* him.
- Under Trump’s “America First” administration, the US has turned *inward*, heaping scorn on its once-loyal allies, withdrawing support for key multilateral institutions, and embracing trade protectionism. (scorn- desprezo)
196
encolher os ombros
shrug
- "Where's Dad?" "How should I know?" replied my brother, shrugging.
- He shrugged his shoulders as if to say that there was nothing he could do about it.
- Thousands of people are starving to death while the world shrugs its shoulders (= shows no interest or care).
- the US seems to be shrugging its collective shoulders.
197
hatch a plot
> hatch
> plot
> hatch - planejar (algo secreto, principalmente) (tramar, arquitetar)
> plot - complô, conluio (além de enredo)
- He hatched a plot to forge documents that would embaRRaSS the company.(forge- forjar)
- They hatched a plan for a surprise birthday party.
- The police have foiled a plot to assassinate the president. (foil- frustrar, prevenir)
- (Nasser)...nationalizing the Suez Canal.This in turn alarmed the British and the French, who, without consulting Washington, hatched a plot with the Israelis to *have them attack* the canal
198
inteligente
intelligent (=Fr masc) (2Ls!)
199
semelhante, similar, parecido
similar (1L só!)
| - My father and I have similar views on politics.
200
fome grave (hambruna em esp)
famine (=Fr)
- Another crop failure could result in widespread famine.
- There were reports of refugees dying of famine.
- Thousands of people emigrated during the Irish potato famine of 1845–46.
201
caixão
coffin
| casket tbm poderia
202
resistente
resistAnt (com A!)
- Why are you so resistant to change?
- a disease-resistant variety of tomato
203
(ortografia) imigração, imóvel (que não se mexe), imenso, imediatamente, iminente
iMMigration, iMMobile, iMMense, iMMediately, iMMinent
> o que NÃO acontece com "em":
- emigration, emergency, emergence, emotional, emulate
204
verdadeiramente (ortografia)
truly (sem E)
- I'm truly sorry I hurt your feelings.
- This is a truly remarkable achievement.
- At this time of year the river is a truly beautiful sight.
- A system of checks and balances exists to ensure that our government is truly democratic.
205
compartilhar
share
- this visit enables our countries to *advance* these shared interests.
- Let's share the sweets (out) among/between everyone.
206
advance
> suggest an idea or theory (formal)
> to go or move something forward, or to develop or improve something
- the theory advanced in this article (~sugerida~)
- this visit enables our countries to advance these shared interests.
- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
207
> suporte = dar suporte (1 palavra) (ortografia) = sustentar
support
- Is that enough money to support yourself?
- I support his nomination for president.
- His testimony will support her *plea* of innocence.
(champion pode ser um bom substituto, às vezes)
208
dependente Eng x Fr
> Eng: dependEnt
| > Fr: dépendAnt(e)
209
extinguir (p/ fogo) x extinto (p/ espécie etc.)
> extinguish - to cause to stop burning;
put out; to put an end to or bring to an end.
> extinct (só ADJ) ; extinction (noun)
- Many surface fires burn during the day, only to be extinguished when relative *humidity* increases in the evening.
- extinguished his hopes.
- *an* extinct *specieS* (species - sing = plu)
- an extinct custom.
210
esquivar(-se)
dodge
- He dodged to avoid the hurtling bicycle. (hurtle - estar descontroladamente rápido)
- The Senator dodged questions about his relationship with the actress.
- She threw a chair at me but I dodged out of the way. (throw, threw, thrown
- He managed to dodge most of the rocks thrown at him.
