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E n g l i s h > V&O III > Flashcards

V&O III Flashcards

1
Q

A peaceful form of protest in which people occupy an area and refuse to leave.

A

sit-in

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2
Q

quartel general

A

headquarters (smp com s no final)

  • The company’s headquarters is/are in Amsterdam.
  • A surgical strike was carried out on the enemy’s military headquarters.
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3
Q

-> To determine, estimate or judge the value of; to evaluate
-> To impose or charge, especially as punishment for an infraction
-> To calculate and demand (the tax money due) from a person or entity
- Exams are not the only means of [] a student’s ability.
- He [] the situation.
- It’s too early to [] the long-term consequences of the two countries’ union.
- We need to [] whether the project is worth doing.
- The referee [] a penalty for delaying the game
- A $10.00 late fee will be [] on(!) all overdue accounts.
- Once you’ve submitted a tax return, the Tax Department will [] the amount of tax you still owe.

A

assess

  • Exams are not the only means of assessing a student’s ability.
  • He assessed the situation.
  • It’s too early to assess the long-term consequences of the two countries’ union.
  • We need to assess whether the project is worth doing.
  • The referee assessed a penalty for delaying the game (referee - árbitro de jogo)
  • A $10.00 late fee will be assessed on(!) all overdue accounts. (overdue - atrasado, vencido) (fee - taxa) (“imposta”)
  • Once you’ve submitted a tax return, the Tax Department will assess the amount of tax you still owe.
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4
Q

“painel”

A

panel (1 N só)

- The competition will be judged by a panel of experts.

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5
Q

“By which”

A

whereby
-They’ve set up a plan whereby you can spread the cost over a two-year period.
(set set set)
-We need to devise some sort of system whereby people can liaise with each other. (liaise -~entrar em contato~)
- …When you do take the means whereby I live…
NÃO deve ser usado como substituto de “where”

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6
Q

> (atribuir) To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of explanation. (sb/sth to sth)
(direcionar, encaminhar) sb/sth to sb/sth - to direct to a different place or person for information, help, or action (~encaminhar~)
(consultar) to look at, or tell someone else to look at, a book or similar record in order to find information and help
(referir-se) to talk or write about someone or something, especially in only a few words

  • He [] the phenomena to electrical disturbances.
  • Most of the site’s links simply [] you to the company’s toll-free support line.
  • My doctor [] me to a hospital specialist.
  • She spoke for an hour without once [] to her notes.
  • He [] to a history book to find out the dates of the French Revolution.
  • In her autobiography she occasionally [] to her unhappy schooldays.
  • He always [] to the house as his “refuge”.
  • The new salary scale only [] to(!) company managers and directors.
A

refer

  • He referred the phenomena to electrical disturbances.
    (phenomena - plural de phenomenon; como criteria é de criterion)
  • Most of the site’s links simply refer you to the company’s toll-free support line.
  • My doctor referred me to a hospital specialist.
  • She spoke for an hour without once referring to her notes.
  • He referred to a history book to find out the dates of the French Revolution.
  • In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays.
  • He always refers to the house as his “refuge”.
  • The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors.
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7
Q

> To interpret or explain the meaning of something; explicar; entender como, interpretar como

  • The axiom on which this argument trades is in fact quite difficult to [].
  • A crucial question, though, is how exactly we should [] the normativity here (how we should)
A

construe

  • The axiom on which this argument trades is in fact quite difficult to construe.
  • A crucial question, though, is how exactly we should construe the normativity here (how we should) (interpretar, entender)
  • (sth as sth) Any changes to the plan would be construed as(!) indecision. (entendida, interpretada)
  • That comment could be construed in(!) either of two ways. (entendido, interpretado)
  • Because of its relationship to the debate construed as the central debate for linguistic anthropology, their work is also construed as crucially theoretical.
  • The world must construe according to its wits(~perspicácia~)
  • this court must construe according to the law.
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8
Q

third party

A

“terceiro” c sentido de outro etc

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9
Q

“acumular” (não é accumulate)

  • to [] a treasure or a fortune
  • to [] words or phrases
A

amass

  • to amass a treasure or a fortune
  • to amass words or phrases
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10
Q

To prevent; to cause to fail; ~frustrar~

  • The police [] the would-be assassin.
  • Our plans for a picnic were [] by the thunderstorm.
A

thwart

  • The police thwarted the would-be assassin.
  • Our plans for a picnic were thwarted by the thunderstorm.
  • …successfully thwarted those would-be hegemons.

(would-be - wanting or trying to be)

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11
Q

misgiving

A

doubt, apprehension, a feeling of dread

  • He could think of her being there, without a lurking misgiving that it would have been better if she had not come. (lurking feeling- that exists, although it may not be very strong, and will not go away)
  • In the night, or the gloomy chambers of the day, fears and misgivings wax strong, but out in the sunlight there is, for a time, cessation even of the terror of death. (gloomy = (lit) escuras; wax = ~~~crescer~~~ (formal))
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12
Q

To fear greatly. To anticipate with fear.

  • I’m [] getting the results of the test, as it could decide my whole life.
  • He’s [] the exam - he’s sure he’s going to fail.
  • I’m [] having to meet his parents.
A

dread

  • I’m dreading getting the results of the test, as it could decide my whole life.
  • He’s dreading the exam - he’s sure he’s going to fail.
  • I’m dreading having to meet his parents.
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13
Q

(to) spearhead

A

To drive or campaign ardently for, as an effort, project, etc. (spear= lança)

  • He spearheaded the entire project from day one.
  • a fantastic run which has been spearheaded by the goals of Senegal striker Cisse.
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14
Q

uprising

A

> A popular revolt that attempts to overthrow a government or its policies; an insurgency or insurrection.
- WikiLeaks did not cause these uprisings but it certainly informed them.

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15
Q

crippling

A

That cripples or incapacitates
(cripple - aleijar)

  • crippling dePression
  • A crippling attack of malaria kept him in bed for months.
  • The bomb attack dealt a crippling blow to tourism in the country. (“deal a blow to” - ter efeito negativo, levar a falhar)

(cripple (offensive) - that cannot use their arms or legs in a normal way)

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16
Q

Prejudicar
To weaken; to affect negatively; to have a diminishing effect on.
- A recurring(!) knee injury may have [] his chances of winning the tournament.
- Lack of sleep [] her ability to think clearly.

A

impair
- A recurring(!) knee injury may have impaired his chances of winning the tournament.
- Lack of sleep impaired her ability to think clearly.
(impair something)

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17
Q

“portanto; consequentemente”

A

hence

  • I shall go to Japan and hence will not be here in time for the party.
  • The purse is handmade and hence very expensive.
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18
Q

“visando a”

  • We read the contract [] finding a way out of it.
  • These measures have been taken [] increasING the company’s profits.
A

with a view to (doING)

  • We read the contract with a view to findING a way out of it.
  • These measures have been taken with a view to increasING the company’s profits.
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19
Q

to aNNoy persistently, to pester

annoy - annoyed - annoying

A

badger
- He kept badgering her about(!) her bad habits.
- Stop badgering me - I’ll do it when I’m ready.
- [ + into + -ing verb ] She’s been badgering me into(!) doing some exercise.
- [ + to infinitive ] Every time we go into a shop, the kids badger me to(!) buy them sweets.
(Britain, informal) : to fart

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20
Q

feature

A

características

- The town’s main features are its beautiful mosque and ancient marketplace. (mosque= mesquita)

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21
Q

novel x new

A

novel = innovative
new = new…
- a novel idea/suggestion
- Keeping a sheep in the garden is a novel way of keeping the grass short!

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22
Q

patently

A

patentemente = claramente, evidentemente

- these claims were patently false

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23
Q

tese (pt para ing)

A

thesis
(plu: theses)

  • a doctoral thesis (= for a PhD)
  • these two theses stand opposed to each other in a consistently contradictory manner.
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24
Q

estrutura ( q não structure)

A

framework (c2)

  • a legal framework for resolving disputes
  • Most biologists use the same basic framework for classification.
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25
Q

heading (noun)

A

The title or topic of a document, article, chapter, or of a section thereof.

cabeçalho

headline é manchete

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26
Q

thereof

A

(formal or specialized)
Of this, that or it
… the house and the wals thereof, and the doors thereof…

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27
Q

coesão

A

cohesion

  • The lack of cohesion within the party lost them votes in the election.
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28
Q

template

A

A generic model or pattern from which other objects are based or derived.
modelo, gabarito, padrão

  • We used the structure of his report as the template for ours.
  • The deal will act as a template for future negotiations.
  • Transport for London believes the new charging system will become a template for congested cities across Britain.
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29
Q

consciência
(2: estado consciente e qst moral)

  • I gradually passed from sleep to full[]
  • The [] of one type of idea naturally fosters an awareness of another idea
A

->awareness
-> conscience (para qsts morais)

  • I gradually passed from sleep to full awareness.
  • The awareness of one type of idea naturally fosters an awareness of another idea (foster - adotar; fig.: estimular, encorajar (ótimo; usá-lo!)
  • a guilty conscience
  • You didn’t do anything wrong - you should have a clear conscience (= not feel guilty).
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30
Q

abstruse

A

Difficult to comprehend or understand.

- these profound and abstruse topics

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31
Q

agarrar; entender; ~entendimento~; ~alcance~

  • Rosie suddenly [] my hand.
  • We must [] every opportunity to strengthen economic ties with other countries
  • I [] the gun with both hands and took aim.
  • I think I managed to [] the main points of the lecture.
  • He has a good [] of the issues.
  • Why is success always beyond my []
  • The presidency at last looked within her []
A

grasp

(seize tbm é agarrar

  • Rosie suddenly grasped my hand.
  • We must grasp every opportunity to strengthen economic ties with other countries
  • I grasped the gun with both hands and took aim.
  • I think I managed to grasp the main points of the lecture. (palestra)
  • He has a good grasp of the issues.
  • Why is success always beyond my grasp
  • The presidency at last looked within her grasp
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32
Q

> grab or capture.
To take advantage of (an opportunity or circumstance).
confiscate
To have a sudden and powerful effect upon.

A

seize
(seized seized seizing)
- seize power (no lugar de “take”)
- I seized his arm and made him turn to look at me.
- The rebels have seized ten soldiers to use as hostages. (hostage - refém)
- A Malaysian tycoon seized the chance to bid for the company, and won. (tycoon magnata!)
- By having a contract already prepared, you may be able to seize the initiative in negotiations.
- Customs officers at Heathrow have seized 60 kilos of heroin.
- to seize smuggled goods (contrabandeados)
- I was suddenly seized by/with a feeling of great insecurity and loneliness
- a panic seized the crowd
- a fever seized him.

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33
Q

qnd usar letras maiúsculas

A

> days of the week, months of the year, holidays:
- Monday, Tuesday; January, February; Christmas Armistice Day
-> countries, Languages and Nationalities, Religions:
- Japanese, English; Christianity, Buddhism
…..(em francês, apenas qnd se refere ao povo em geral; não, qnd é adjetivo)
-> people’s names and titles:
- Professor Jones, Dr Smith; Captain Kirk, King Henry VIII
-> places and monuments:
- the Latin Quarter; the Eiffel Tower, St Paul’s Cathedral; Buckingham Palace, the White House; Oxford Street, Fifth Avenue; Sirius; the Middle East, the North Pole
-> vehicles like ships, trains and spacecraft:
- the Titanic; the Orient Express, the Flying Scotsman; Challenger 2, the Enterprise;
-> titles:
War And Peace; If, Futility; Like a Virgin; The Taming of the Shrew; The Lion King, Gone With The Wind

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34
Q

varrer

A

sweep
(swept swept; sweeping)
DIFERENTE DE “swipe” (deslizar!!)

  • I use that broom to sweep the kitchen floor.
    (broom - vassoura)

> to move, especially quickly and powerfully

  • Everyone looked up as she swept into the room.
  • The fire swept (= spread quickly) through the house.
  • The National Party swept into power (= easily won the election) with a majority of almost 200.
  • A 1970s fashion revival is sweeping Europe.

~varredura~
- American minesweepers are sweeping the Arabian Sea.

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35
Q

fr: bouleversement
a great change, especially causing or involving much difficulty, activity, or trouble
- Since that [] Wales have won just once in seven games
- I’m not sure it’s worth the [] of moving to gain just a little more space.
- The long garbage strike in 1970 caused much political [].

A

upheaval
(às vezes: convulsão) (perturbação, agitação, confusão, inquietação?)
- Since that upheaval Wales have won just once in seven games
- I’m not sure it’s worth the upheaval of moving to gain just a little more space.
- The long garbage strike in 1970 caused much political upheaval. (strike - greve)

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36
Q

impasse (4)

A

> impasse (com “e”)

> deadlock

> stalemate - Any situation that has no obvious possible movement, but does not involve any personal loss.

> standoff

  • The battle of wills between teacher and student was a standoff.
  • She locked herself in the house, but after a brief standoff, police convinced her to come out.
  • The standoff between potential buyers and sellers has effects throughout the economy.
  • The major issue hanging over both the stock and bond markets is the budget standoff in Washington (stock and bonds - ações e títulos)
  • We have reached an impasse in the negotiations – neither side will budge. (budge - mover (msm q pouco))
  • Tomorrow’s meeting between the two leaders is expected to break a diplomatic stalemate that has lasted for ten years.
  • Despite long discussions, the workers and the management remain locked in stalemate.
  • Somebody will have to compromise if we are to break (= end) the deadlock between the two warring factions. (warring - que estão em guerra)
  • Deadlock over wage levels has prevented an agreement being reached. (sem “from”!)
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37
Q

tropeçar (2)
- He [] over(!) a rock.
- I always [] over(!) verbs in Spanish.
- Running along the beach, she [] on a log and fell on the sand. (log - ~tronco-lenha~)
>to make a mistake, such as repeating something or pausing for too long, while speaking or playing a piece of music:
- When the poet [] over a line in the middle of a poem, someone in the audience corrected him.

A

> stumble
trip
- He stumbled over(!) a rock.
- I always stumble over verbs in Spanish.
- Running along the beach, she stumbled on a log and fell on the sand. (log - ~tronco-lenha~)
(to make a mistake, such as repeating something or pausing for too long, while speaking or playing a piece of music:)
- When the poet stumbled over a line in the middle of a poem, someone in the audience corrected him.
- She broke her ankle when she had a nasty trip on the stairs.
- He tripped and fell down, grazing his knee. (graze - ~ralar~ (scrape the skin so as to break the surface but cause little or no bleeding.)
- That cable is dangerous. Someone might trip over(!) it.
- He was sent off for deliberately tripping Robson when he was about to score. (trip someone!)

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38
Q

garantir, assegurar

A

ensure = insure
(mas: insurAnce é c ‘i’ e ‘a’ smp)

(assure e guarantee (pass.: guaranteed) tbm poderiam c esse sentido)

  • ensure that press barons will only defy the mighty so far.
  • [ + two objects ] Their 2–0 victory today has ensured the Italian team a place in the Cup Final/ensured a place in the Cup Final for the Italian team.
  • The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft. (aircraft e coisas com craft -> sing=plu (sem “s”))
  • [ + (that) ] The role of the police is to ensure (that) the law is obeyed.
  • Our head office will liaise with the suppliers to ensure delivery. (liaise -~entrar em contato~)
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39
Q

duvidoso

A

doubtful (final “ful” -> 1L!)

  • The teacher is doubtful about having parents working as classroom assistAnts.
  • It is doubtful whether/if they ever reached the summit before they died. (summit, aqui, “cume”)
  • It was doubtful that the money would ever be found again.
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40
Q

estrangeiro (ortografia)

adj. x noun

A

foreign - adj
foreigner - noun

  • The whole concept of democracy, she claimed, was utterly foreign to the present government.
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41
Q

perder X solto; frouxo

A

lose / loose

  • There were some loose wires hanging out of the wall.
  • Her hair was hanging loose to her shoulders. (cabelos soltos)
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42
Q

constantemente, regularmente

A

steadily

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43
Q

accountable

A

e. o. responsável, “responsabilizável” (está no Houaiss)
- She is accountable only to(!) the managing director. (perante o diretor)
- The recent tax reforms have made government more accountable for(!) its spending.
- Politicians should be accountable to(!) the public who elected them. (perante o público)

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44
Q

To fail to notice or consider

A

overlook (C2)

  • I think there is one key fact that you have overlooked. (não considerou/levou em conta)
  • No one will be overlooked when we select players for the team. (~esquecido~, segundo o google… “deixado de lado”?)

> dar vista para
poder ser visto por outros
- Our hotel room overlooked the harbour.
- The house is surrounded by trees, so it’s not overlooked at all (= it cannot be seen from any other buildings).
- Our balcony overlooks the river. (balcony - varanda)

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45
Q

reavaliar

A

reassess

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46
Q

arame farpado

A

barbed wire

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47
Q

escapar, fugir
(sem ser “escape”)

A

flee (passados: fled)
- The prisoner tried to flee, but was caught by the guards.
(priSOner, sem “i” (como prison! (priSÃo))
- She fled (from) the room in tears.
- In order to escape capture(!), he fled to the mountains.
->desaparecer rapidamente
- Ethereal products flee once freely exposed to air.

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48
Q

> perigo, risco
- a health []
- The busy traffic entrance was a [] to pedestrians. (busy, aqui, movimentada)

> verbo: to risk doing something, especially making a guess, suggestion, etc.
- I wouldn’t like to [] a guess.

A

hazard (noun E VERBO)
> perigo, risco
- a health hazard
- The busy traffic entrance was a hazard to pedestrians. (busy, aqui, movimentada)
> verbo: to risk doing something, especially making a guess, suggestion, etc.
- I wouldn’t like to hazard a guess.

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49
Q

buscar/procurar (e buscou = buscado)
( substituindo “tentar” = C2)
- Hundreds of dissidents are [] refuge/asylum in the US embassy.
- Legal advice should be [] before you take any further action.
- They [] to(!) reassure the public. (procurar, tentar: C2)
- The country’s president is [] to(!) mend(reparar) relations with the United States. (C2)
- They are [] to(!) change the rules. (C2)

A

seek (sought) (+ to = C2)
(formal)
- Hundreds of dissidents are seeking refuge/asylum in the US embassy.
- Legal advice should be sought before you take any further action.
- They sought to(!) reassure the public. (procurar, tentar: C2)
- The country’s president is seeking to(!) mend(reparar) relations with the United States. (C2)
- They are seeking to(!) change the rules. (C2)

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50
Q

disputar ou contestar (+ passado)

A

> contest
contested !
- We will certainly contest any claims made against the safety of our products.
- The medal is being keenly contested by eight gymnasts.

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51
Q

startling

A

surpreendente

  • startling results
  • He made some startling admissions about his past.
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52
Q

maduro +
amadurecer

(para alimentos
x
para pessoas)

A

alimentos: ripe - ripen
pessoas: mature = mature

  • Those bananas aren’t ripe yet - they’re still green.
  • The summer sunshine ripened the melons.
  • These melons are ripening nicely.
    (fig. o de alimentos não parece ser tão usado:)
  • Eventually, soon after the beginning of the civil war, he judged the time ripe for reclaiming all the former power and wealth of his ancestors.
  • mature oak trees
  • Girls are said to mature faster than boys.
  • It took several years for her ideas to mature.
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53
Q

“save face”

A

retain respect; avoid humiliation

  • We said he left “to pursue other interests” to let him save face, but actually we fired him.
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54
Q

aide

A

assessor, ajudante, adjunto

cuidado: ajuda é “aid”, sem E
- a senior government aide
- an aide to the prime minister

.
NÃO é “adido”, que é “attaché” (em inglês msm)
- a naval/military/press/cultural attaché

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55
Q

dificultar (não é “hinder”)

to prevent someone doing something easily

  • Fierce storms have been [] rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors. (fierce - feroz)
  • High winds [] efforts to put out the fire.
  • They are, however, [] by the measurement errors that cloud the signals in observed variables.
    (verbo “cloud” embaçar, ofuscar)
A

hamper
- Fierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors. (fierce - feroz)
- High winds hampered efforts to put out the fire.
- They are, however, hampered by the measurement errors that cloud the signals in observed variables.
(verbo “cloud” embaçar, ofuscar)

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56
Q

to bring together a group of people for a meeting, or to meet for a meeting (formal)

A

convene

  • The prime minister convened (a meeting of) his cabinet* to discuss the matter.
  • The counCil will be convening on the morning of the 25th.
  • Peace talks will convene next month.
  • An emergency board meeting was convened by the directors later that afternoon.
  • Open Market Committee members will convene to discuss lowering interest rates.
  • cabinet - gabinete- a small group of the most important people in government, who advise the President or Prime Minister and make important decisions
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57
Q

enjoy (formal); pleasure

A

relish
- I always relish a challenge.
- [ + -ing verb ] I don’t relish telling her that her son has been arrested.
(Não me agrado de dizer…)
- She’s relishing the prospect of studying in Bologna for six months.(adorando) (prospect - perspectiva)
- She ate her cake slowly and with relish. (com gosto)
- I have no relish for(!) hunting and killing animals. (não tenho gosto em)

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58
Q

vociferous

A

vociferante (que berra ou grita; veemente)

  • A vociferous opponent of gay rights, he is well-known for his right-wing views.
  • a vociferous critic of foreign policy
  • vociferous objections
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59
Q

harangue

A

arengar
To give a forceful and lengthy lecture or criticism to someone.:
- The angry motorist leapt from his car to harangue the other driver.

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60
Q

censurar, repreender (2)

ñ: censure ou reprehend, q existem

A

> chide (formal)
rebuke (formal) (verb and noun)

  • Protests Widen as Brazilians Chide Leaders
  • She chided him for his bad maNNers.
  • Women are chided for believing in omens and consulting astrologers and palmists (omen- presságio)
  • I was rebuked by my manager for being late.
  • The Justice Department publicly rebuked him over a leaked memorandum.
    >”rebuke” tbm é noun
  • He received a stern rebuke from the manager.
  • Her statement drew a sharp rebuke from the Senator.
  • Rebuke is the aPPropriate punishment in this case.
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61
Q

palavra formal p “meio”

  • I’m sorry but I’m too busy - I’m in the [] of writing a report.
  • The country is in the [] of an economic crisis.
  • in the [] of a vast ocean of material prosperity.
  • She caught sight of Johnny in their [] (= among them), laughing and talking.
  • in the [] of an interesting discussion
  • At dawn, in the [] of a mist; (dawn - aurora, amanhecer ; névoa, neblina)
A

midst (formal)

  • I’m sorry but I’m too busy - I’m in the midst of writing a rePort.
  • The country is in the midst of an economic crisis.
  • in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.
  • She caught sight of Johnny in their midst (= among them), laughing and talking.
  • in the midst of an interesting discussion
  • At dawn, in the midst of a mist; (dawn - aurora, amanhecer ; névoa, neblina)
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62
Q

gesso

A

plaster

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63
Q

across from

A

em frente a

- The gym is across from the lounge

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64
Q

crackdown

A

~repressão~, lidar mais severamente c algo ruim

  • (NY Times) After a harsh police crackdown last week fueled anger and swelled protests, President Dilma Rousseff… (swell - inchar ; President antes do nome (título) -> maiúscula)
  • There has been a series of government crackdowns on(!) safety in factories. (~ações do governo~)
  • The police are having a crackdown on(!) cyclists without lights. (~reprimindo~)
  • The company is having a crackdown on(!) personal internet use. (~tomar medidas~?)
  • The school has started a crackdown on(!) pupils who turn up late. (~tomar medidas~?)
  • The government is calling for a crackdown on drivers who speed through red lights.
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65
Q

toll

A

> deaths, suffering or damage (em geral, número de mortos)
pedágio

  • They’re raising the bridge toll to $5.00.
  • Independent sources say that the death toll from the earthquake runs into thousands.
  • In addition to the physical destruction caused by the flooding, the emotional toll on its victims was iMMense.
  • if past pandemics are any guide, the toll on poorer and vulnerable segments of society will be several times worse. (a high degree of suffering or damage)
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66
Q

derrubar (um governo etc) = derrubada

A

overthrow
(overthrew - overthrown)

(topple (verb)- tbm é usado)

  • the overthrow of the monarchy (noun)
  • I hate the current government, but not enough to want to overthrow them. (verb) (government pode ser tratado como sing ou plu!)
  • He said that Allende’s government in Chile was overthrown by the army and the CIA in 1973.
  • He allegedly plotted to overthrow the government
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67
Q

guise

A

the appearance of someone or something, especially when intended to deceive (não é disfarce; mas, aparência e forma de agir)

  • The men who arrived in the guise of drug dealers were actually undercover police officers.
  • The company has been accused of trying to sell their products under the guise of market research. (pretexto)
  • They were said to be dressed in various guises, as beggars and pilgrims (peregrinos) (….)
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68
Q

~atrofiar~

To check or hinder the growth or development of

A

stunt (verbo)

  • Some have said smoking stunts your growth.
  • children with stunted growth
  • Drought has stunted this year’s corn crop.
    (Drought = seca; crop = colheita)
  • some weeds produce chemicals that stunt the plant’s growth

(mas uma mão atrofiada é uma “withered hand”)

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69
Q

agitação

  • It is feared that the civil [] we are now witnessing in this country could lead to full-scale civil war.
  • civil/social/labor []
  • The president is cutting short an international trip because of growing [] in his country.
A

unrest (C2)

  • It is feared that the civil unrest we are now witnessing in this country could lead to full-scale civil war.
  • civil/social/labor unrest
  • The president is cutting short an international trip because of growing unrest in his country.
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70
Q

wheeze

A

“estertor”, chiado, ofegar (of a person) breathe with a whistling or rattling sound in the chest, as a result of obstruction in the air passages.

  • the illness often leaves her wheezing
  • I could hear the old man behind me wheezing.
  • I know when I’ve been smoking too much because I start to wheeze when I run for a train.
  • The cough, wheeze, and shortness of breath are things that go with smoking, not with age.
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71
Q

abarrotar

A

cram (INFORMAL)

- to cram a room with people
- The boy crammed himself with cake
tbm: to study hard

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72
Q

ansioso, impaciente (para alguma coisa)
[for smthg -ou- to infinitive]
- the children’s [] faces
- [ + to infinitive ] She sounded very [] to meet you.
- They crowded around the spokesperson, [] for(!) any news.
- I’m [] to see her after all this time.
- Sam was [] to get home and play with his new toy.
- they are [] for(!) their products.

A

eager
[for smthg -ou- to infinitive]
- the children’s eager faces
- She sounded very eager to meet you.
- They crowded around the spokesperson, eager for any news.
- I’m eager to see her after all this time.
- Sam was eager to get home and play with his new toy.
- they are eager for(!) their products.

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73
Q

aplaudir + aplaudido

A

cheer + cheered
(applaud e applause (aplauso) tbm existem e são usados)

  • Everyone cheered as the winners received their medals.
  • He was cheering for the other side. (torcendo!)
  • His victory in the 400 metres earned him the biggest cheer of the afternoon.
    -Three cheers for the winning team!
    (cheerleader)
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74
Q

responsabilidade (ortografia e artigo)

A

responsibility (for ou to) (c “i”!!)

  • The ultimate responsibility for the start of the First World War…
  • responsibility to protect
  • It’s her responsibility to(!) ensure the project finishes on time.
  • you have responsibility for(!) collecting up the books after the class.
  • He has taken over responsibility for(!) this project.
  • Terrorists have claimed responsibility for(!) yesterday’s bomb attack.
  • The job carries a lot of responsibility
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75
Q

violação; brecha; - violar; romper

  • They felt that our discussions with other companies constituted a [] of/in our agreement.
  • He was sued for [] of contract.
  • There have been serious security [] (= breaks in our security system).
  • The theatre was in [] of the safety laws for having no fire doors. (be in [] of smthg)
  • A cannon ball had made a [] in their castle walls.
  • They [] the agreement they had made with their employer. (quebrar um acordo, lei etc -> [] é linguagem formal)
  • Their defences were easily [].
  • And nobody worried about [] the wall between church and state.
A

breach (noun and verb)

  • A cannon ball had made a breach in their castle walls.
  • They felt that our discussions with other companies constituted a breach of/in our agreement.
  • He was sued for breach of contract.
  • in breach of an arms embargo (em violação a um embargo de armas)
  • There have been serious security breaches (= breaks in our security system).
  • The theatre was in breach of the safety laws for having no fire doors. (be in breach of smthg)
  • They breached the agreement they had made with their employer. (quebrar um acordo, lei etc -> breach é linguagem formal)
  • Their defences were easily breached.
  • And nobody worried about breaching the wall between church and state.
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76
Q

brief (adj, noun, verb)

A

> a concise statement or summary
verb - instruct or inform (someone) thoroughly, especially in preparation for a task
of short duration
- their comments were cribbed right from industry briefs
(crib = copiar sem autorização)
- Lucky Tahlia got to sit through (~~aguentar~~) my cursing and weariness(cansaço) as she directed and briefed me.
- He’d asked to be allowed just one visit, one brief encounter with Angel.

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77
Q

denunciante (i apitador!) (ortografia)

A

“whistleblower”=”whistle-blower”=”whistle blower”

  • Watkins is the woman that brought the Enron scandal to light, but would-be whistle-blowers in the federal government can’t seem to get their complaints heard
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78
Q

to coax (into)

A

to persuade someone gently to do something or go somewhere, by being kind and patient, or by appearing to be

  • The actors were somehow coaxed into(!) performances that matched their gigantic surroundings.
  • Perhaps you could coax your father into taking you to the station.
  • A mother was coaxing her reluctant child into the water.
  • a coaxing voice
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79
Q

colher = colheita

+ outro p “colheita”

A

> harvest
só “colheita”
crop (tbm é plantar/cultivar ou dar frutos)
-We had a good harvest this year.
- Farmers are reporting a bumper (= very big) harvest this year.
- In the US, winter wheat is harvested in the early summer.
- Farmers sort the vegetables when they harvest.
- Farmers have reported a bumper crop this year.
- After three crop failures in a row, the people face starvation.
- The land is intensively cropped. (cultivada)
- The carrots have cropped (= grown) well this year

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80
Q

encorajar, dar coragem

A

to embOLden
(bOLd é corajoso)

  • It emboldens you to do things you wouldn’t do on your own
  • I felt so emboldened by my solitary lunch experience that I then went and sat in the foyer of the National theatre.

(“discourage” é o contrário)

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81
Q

overstretch

A

sobrecarregar (além de “esticar-se demais”)

- It is madness to cut the infantry at a time when they are already overstretched .

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82
Q

ashen (adj)

A

of the pale gray color of ash.

- His face was ashen , a yellowish grey color that spoke of death.

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83
Q

> retirar, remover, afastar

> retirada, o ato em si

A

> withdraw
withdrew - withdrawn - withdrawing
withdrawal
- All charges against them were withdrawn after the prosecution’s case collapsed.
- The bank became suspicious after several large withdrawals were made from his account in a single week.
- This credit card allows you to withdraw up to £200 a day from ATMs.
- The UN will dictate the terms of troop withdrawal from the region.
- Cassie slowly withdrew her foot watching Darla writhe (“contorcer-se”) in the seat.
- Under a Russian-brokered deal the Yugoslav army withdrew from Kosovo (brokered - intermediado)

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84
Q

cessar

A

cease
- With local body reorganisation a number of these positions have ceased to exist
- You can only cease dealing with it if you have dealt with it
- Now and again we would have watched a funny TV programme together and hostilities would cease
((every) now and then/again - às vezes, mas NEM SEMPRE)

(ceasefire = cessar-fogo)

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85
Q

manifestantes (3)

A

> demonstrators, protesters=protestors; rioters

  • But have you ever sympathised with road protesters, anti-nuclear demonstrators or those who tear up genetically modified crops? (~arrancam colheitas geneticamente modificadas~)
  • Police and rioters clashed violently.
  • She watched rioters setting fire to the vehicles.
86
Q

botch

A

carry out (a task) badly or carelessly.

  • It will face some difficulties, not least because it has been, and will probably continue to be, so badly botched by so many along the way.
  • In 1956, a botched intervention in the Suez laid bare the decay in British power and marked the end of the United Kingdom’s reign as a global power. ( lay bare - deixar exposto, revelar)
    > to spoil something by doing it badly
  • We botched (up) our first attempt at wallpapering the bathroom.
    > noun p isso
  • The company made a series of botches before it went bankrupt.
87
Q 
> pressa
\+
> apressado, precipitado
\+
> apressadamente, precipitadamente
  • Unfortunately the report was prepared in [] and contained several inaccuracies.
  • In her [] to get up from the table, she knocked over a cup. (+ to infinitive)
  • He warned against making [] decisions.
  • Now let’s not leap to any [] conclusions.
    ____leap to smth - ir/pular apressadamente
  • he [] changed the subject
  • maybe I acted too []
A

> haste (disapproving)
hasty
hastily

(Hurry é mais usado como o noun e como verbo)

  • Unfortunately the report was prepared in haste and contained several inaccuracies.
  • In her haste to get up from the table, she knocked over a cup. (+ to infinitive)
  • He warned against making hasty decisions.
  • Now let’s not leap to any hasty conclusions.
    ____leap to smth - ir/pular apressadamente
  • he hastily changed the subject
  • maybe I acted too hastily
  • Hurry or you’ll be late
  • [ + to infinitive ] She hurried to answer the phone.
  • Are you in a hurry (= wanting) to leave?
88
Q

decreto = decretar

A

decree

(decreed; decreed;
decreeing)
(como seeing)

  • However, opposition groups outside the country claim that forced labor continues in the country despite the official decree.
  • Within a few hours he had issued Directive No. 25, decreeing Yugoslavia’s obliteration and assigning secondary roles in its conquest to Italy and Hungary.
89
Q

issue (verb and noun)

A 
>emitir
>~distribuir/distribuição~
> ~questão~
>  take issue with sth - disagree strongly (formal)
> the action of flowing or coming out
> a result or outcome of something
* children of one's own
  • A marriage certificate was also issued by the temple authorities.
  • Almost at once, the smell of plant life issued from the room ducts as fresh air from the outside began to vent throughout ship.
  • the issue of promissory notes by the bank (distribuição/emissão)
  • As employers we need to be seen to be addressing (= dealing with) these issues sympathetically.
  • The point at issue is what is best for the child. (o ponto em questão)
  • I took issue with him over his interpretation of the instructions.
  • …had died without male issue in 1748.
  • With an issue of blood she was cut off from the worship of God in the formal sense.
  • The successful issue of the great battle increased business and made the general attitude still firmer.
90
Q

emitir

A

to issue

  • …an official order issued by a legal authority
  • Within a few hours he had issued Directive No. 25, decreeing Yugoslavia’s obliteration and assigning secondary roles in its conquest to Italy and Hungary.
91
Q

empregado (noun) (sing e plu) (ortografia)

A

emplyee; plu: employees

92
Q

estabelecer (ortografia)

A

establish (com E!)

(como “especially”)

  • There is a strong need to establish effective communication links between staff, parents, pupils, and external bodies.
  • The brewery was established in 1822.
  • When the college was established in 1546, it inherited a hall from each of three antecedent institutions.
  • An aid programme was established to oil the wheels of economic reform in the region.
93
Q

bem estar (ortografia)

A

well-being

welfare (tbm)

94
Q

emergência; (ortografia)

ascensão
x
urgência

A

Ascensão ->
eMergencE
(1 “M” SÓ, MESMO EM FRANCÊS!)

Urgência ->
emergency

(“em…” NÃO dobram o M, diferentemente de “im” (immigrant etc.))

  • China’s emergence as an economic power
  • the emergence of a new strain of the HIV virus
    (strain = cepa)
  • Is the emergency exit suitable for wheelchairs?
95
Q

be enshrined in sth (in some law, declaration etc)

A

> Consagrado - If a political or social right is enshrined in something, it is protected by being included in it
~guardado como sagrado em algum lugar~

  • The right of freedom of speech is enshrined in law/in the constitution.
  • His love for her is enshrined forever in his poetry.
  • The memory of our friendship will be enshrined in my heart.
  • Those basic rights are enshrined in the Constitution of the United States.
96
Q

the part of the day between the afternoon and the night:

A

evening

97
Q

try very hard

A

strive (C2 e usado por aprovados!)
(strive for [noun]; strive to [verb])

  • We must strive to narrow the gap between rich and poor.
  • We strive to ensure that all children are treated equally.
  • We strive for perfection but sometimes have to accept something less.
  • We are constantly striving to improve our service.
  • The former leader now has to watch his successor unpicking much of what he strived so hard to achieve.
    (unpick ~ desfazer)
    (former, aqui, “ex-“: ñ precisa ser usado com apenas 2 opções, como “latter”)
98
Q

sistema (ortografia)

A

system

- a very elaborate system
fr: (un) système

99
Q

more and more (1 palavra em ing) (ortografia)

A

increasingly

100
Q

~ supostamente ~ (3)

A

> supposedly
purportedly
allegedly

  • When viewed this way, some of the purportedly tough cases are not tough at all.
  • The study purportedly found that men married to smart women live longer.
  • That’s where he allegedly killed his wife.
  • She was arrested for allegedly stealing a car.
  • It’s a collection of recipes which allegedly can be prepared in 30 minutes.
  • And what might be the underlying significance of these supposedly random acts of violence?
  • There was a hidden meaning in her supposedly innocent remarks. (hide hid hidden)
101
Q

inevitável (ortografia)

A

inevitable c1!

(unavoidable tbm existe, mas n parece mt usado)

  • The accident was the inevitable consequence/result/outcome of carelessness.
102
Q

pedra fundamental
the most important part of a plan, idea, etc. on which everything else depends
+ [preposição usada]

A

keystone

  • A keystone of(!) its corporate strategy is to invest in people, technology, and training to create a brand.
  • Selling overseas has been, and always will remain, one of the keystones of(!) our national prosperity.
  • The assumption that “consent” is the source of a government’s legitimacy represents a conceptual keystone in liberal theory.
103
Q

formal word for “stop”

A

cease
(não vi exemplos c “verbo ing” o seguindo)
- Whether the protests will cease remains to be seen.
- The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year.
- [ + to infinitive ] It was hard to accept that one day he would simply cease to exist.
- Workplace nurseries will cease to be liable for tax.
(nursery - creche ou berçário)

104
Q

culminar + [prep]

A

culminate (in)

  • ..the scene culminates in an emotional breakdown where the priSOner…
  • In June the National Marquetry Exhibition culminated in the award of prizes to the best marquetarians in the land.
  • The discovery culminated many years of research. (culminate smth)
105
Q

magnitude

A

magnitude

  • They don’t seem to grasp the magnitude of the problem.
  • The magnitude of the task would have discouraged an ordinary man.
106
Q

medida = medir (ortografia)

A

measure (com A!!, diferente do francês (mesure))

  • There was a large measure of agreement between the candidates. (uso formal)
  • His success was in some measure due to his being in the right place at the right time. (uso formal)
107
Q

entrar em erupção (fig tbm)

A

erupt

  • At the end of a hot summer, violence erupted in the inner cities.
  • The crowd erupted in applause and cheering.
  • The political context in which this coMMercial outcry erupted contributed greatly to its success. (outcry ~ clamor)
108
Q

> manter, sustentar (C2)

> to suffer or experience, especially damage or loss, undergo, (em fr: “subir”) (formal)

A

sustain
- He seems to find it difficult to sustain relationships with women
- It proved particularly difficult to sustain the interest of the older children.
- Economic growth cannot be sustained without a rise in inflation
- She sustained multiple injuries in the accident.
- Most buildings sustained only minimal damage in the earthquake.
- The company has sustained heavy losses this year.
- Throughout the ordeal, he was sustained by the belief that he would get home. (ordeal=provação)
> (tbm) The judge sustained (= accepted) the lawyer’s objection.

109
Q

soberania (ortografia)

A

sovereignty

- Talks are being held about who should have sovereignty over the island.

110
Q

SUBSTITUTO PARA “DO”
> to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult; empreender, realizar
> prometer, encarregar-se
- Students are required to [] simple experiments.
- This is one of the largest aid projects ever [].
- I’m just beginning to realize the enormity of what I have []
- Some companies have [] a thorough transformation of their production methods.
- [ + to infinitive ] She [] not to publish the names of the people involved. (prometeu)
- [ + that ] The government [] that the buildings would not be redeveloped. (prometeu/comprometei-se)
- I [] to help him learn English. (prometi/comprometi-me)

A

undertake (formal)
(undertook - undertaken)
- Students are required to undertake simple experiments.
- This is one of the largest aid projects ever undertaken. (superlativos e comparativos não vão para o plural)
- I’m just beginning to realize the enormity of what I have undertaken.
- Some companies have undertaken a thorough transformation of their production methods.
- [ + to infinitive ] She undertook not to publish the names of the people involved. (prometeu)
- [ + that ] The government undertook that the buildings would not be redeveloped. (prometeu/comprometei-se)
- I undertook to help him learn English. (prometi/comprometi-me)

111
Q

um ao/do/com outro (2)

  • they were made for []
  • They are highly suspicious of []
  • They kept looking at [] and smiling.
  • The two countries went to war with [] over oil prices.
  • They’re always wearing []’s clothes.
  • Factions previously at war with [] are now united against the common enemy. (faction - faccção)
  • Why are you always arguing with []?
A

> each other (separadao!)
one another
- they were made for each other
- They are highly suspicious of one another.
- They kept looking at each other and smiling.
- The two countries went to war with one another over oil prices.
- They’re always wearing each other’s clothes.
- Factions previously at war with one another are now united against the common enemy. (faction - faccção)
- Why are you always arguing with each other?

112
Q

instável + instabilidade (ortografia)

A

unstable COM U!!! + instability COM I!!!

  • It is a poor and politically unstable society.
  • political/economic instability
  • The instability of the euro continues.
113
Q

século (ortografia)

A

century (com c…)

114
Q

to be to (3 circunstâncias)

A

> ~dever~ - exprime dever de forma impessoal
~dever~ - planos para o futuro
c “if” exprime suposição
- No food of any kind is to be taken into the examination room.
- I don’t mind her going to Ruth’s party but she’s not to be back late.
- You are not to leave this house without my permission. Is that clear?
- A meeting of finance ministers is to be held in Brussels.
- The Prime Minister is to make a further visit to Devon next week.
- Work is to begin this week on the new bridge across the Nile north of Aswan.
- Augustus was to become Roman Emperor six years later. (pode ou não ter acontecido)
- He was to have appeared in the West End show but broke his collar bone during rehearsals.
- If I were to increase my offer from five hundred to five hundred and fifty pounds, would you be interested in selling me your car then?
- If we are to solve the world’s pollution problems, we must address environmental issues now.

115
Q

> every + time
X
every + thing

A

> every time (separado)
X
everything (junto)

116
Q

diferenciar (orografia)

A

differentiate (2 Fs e T!!)

  • We do not differentiate between(!) our employees on the basis of their race, religion, or national origin.
  • The slate roof differentiates this house from others in the area. (slate é uma pedra aí)
117
Q

on behalf of sb = on sb’s behalf = in behalf of sb = in sb’s behalf (2 sentidos)

A

> representing
because of or for the good of
in the interest or aid of
- On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work.
- >Please don’t leave on my behalf.< (~because of me~)
- The pupils were enthusiastic in their fund-raising efforts on the charity’s behalf.
- Unfortunately, George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept this award on his behalf.
- She wasn’t able to be present, so I signed the letter in her behalf.
- Conservatives in power, he argues, carried the ‘ pursuit of order ‘ to such an extreme as to provoke a violent reaction on behalf of liberty. (~em nome da~)

118
Q

qualquer um (ortografia) (2) a…

A

anyone ou anybody (com Y!)

119
Q

felizmente (ortografia)

A

Fortunately

120
Q

inconsciente (ortografia)

A

unconscious

  • collective unconscious
  • She was hit on the head by a stone and knocked unconscious.
121
Q

físico (adj)

A

physical (“ph”, “y” e “al” no final)

122
Q

triunfo = triunfar(ortografia)

A

triumph
(triumphed)

  • The Democrats once again triumphed in recent elections.
  • The eRadication of smallpox by vaccination was one of medicine’s greatest triumphs. (varíola)
123
Q

supérfluo (ortografia)

A

superfluous

  • The report was marred by a mass of superfluous detail. (mar - (formal) - to spoil something, making it less good or less enjoyable)
124
Q

bandeja

A

tray

  • He laid the tray down on the table. (laid - passado de lay)
  • obs: ashtray - cinzeiro
125
Q

twice the size, amount, price, etc., or consisting of two similar things together

  • I ordered a [] espresso (= two standard amounts in one cup).
  • Go through the [] doors and turn left.
  • The word “cool” has a [] “o” in(!) the middle.
A

double (NÃO tem letras duplas (como “trouble” tbm não tem))

  • I ordered a double espresso (= two standard amounts in one cup).
  • Go through the double doors and turn left.
  • The word “cool” has a double “o” in the middle.
126
Q

[com ou sem artigo] nationalism

A

[sem artigo] nationalism

> Palavras terminadas em “ism” não são precedidas de artigo!

127
Q

stem from sth

phrasal verb

A

decorrer de; surgir de
>to start or develop as the result of something
- Her problems stem from her difficult childhood.
- Their disagreement stemmed from a misunderstanding.

128
Q

marítimo (formal) + marinho

A

> maritime (“seafaring” tbm é usado)
marine
- Amalfi and Venice were important maritime powers.
- Make sure you visit the maritime museum if you’re interested in anything to do with ships or seafaring.
- The oil slick seriously threatens marine life around the islands. (oil slick - mancha de óleo)
- Marine biologists are concerned about the effects of untreated sewage that is flowing into coastal waters. (sewage - esgoto)
- a seafaring man (= a sailor)
- Both these areas had a strong boat-building and seafaring tradition.

129
Q

alimentar; nourrir

A

nourish (fr: nourrir !)

  • Children need plenty of good fresh food to nourish them.
  • This cream is supposed to help nourish your skin.
  • Lisa has long nourished the hope of becoming a famous writer. (para plano, sentimento, crença etc é “formal”)
130
Q

tradução de palavras pt começando com dif e def (p o francês tbm!)

A 
dif -> diff (dobra o F)
def -> def (mantém 1 só)
- different (fr: différent)
- difficult (fr: difficile)
- defense=defence (fr: défense)
131
Q

“sentar” e seus passados

A

sit; passados: sat

132
Q

scared
X
scarred

A

scared - com medo
scarred - deixou uma cicatriz
(scar (1 R só) - cicatriz = deixar uma cicatriz

133
Q

espontâneo

A

spontaneous

- His jokes seemed spontaneous, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.

134
Q

> polidez, educação (ortografia)
+
adjetivo respectivo

A

> politeness
polite
- They asked how he was out of politeness, not because they really wanted to know.
- She smiled at the boy’s politeness.
- I’m afraid I wasn’t very polite to her.

135
Q

> # no total, brutounacceptable (smp antes de um noun!)(especially in law)(formal)
- Produto Interno bruto

A

Gross

  • Gross domestic product
  • Once wrapped, the gross weight of the package is 2.1 kg.
  • gross misconduct/indecency (formal)
  • a gross violation of justice (formal)
136
Q

aborto

abortar

A

abortion
abort
- The mission had to be aborted at the last minute.
- If something goes wrong during the launch sequence the system will automatically abort.
- He declared that women have a right to abort a nonviable(!) fetus.
(fr: avortement)

137
Q

ilegal (trad p ing E p fr)

A

illegal (2 Ls)

fr: illégal(e)

138
Q

circunstâncias

A

circumstances (com M!)
(como “circumvent”)
- I think she coped very well under the circumstances. (cope - lidar)

139
Q

exceto (ortografia)

A

except

  • The museum is open daily except Monday(s). (Monday c/ maiúscula)
  • Everyone was there except for(!) Sally.
  • There is nothing to indicate the building’s past, except (for) the fireplace.
140
Q

> gravidez
+
grávida

A

> pregnancy

>pregnant

141
Q

oferecer (p ing + fr)

A

offer
(fr: offre)

  • She was offered a job in Paris.
  • My father offered to take us to the airport.
  • It’s an organization that offers free legal advice to people on low incomes.
  • It says in the guide that this area offers some of the best walks in England.
142
Q

garrafa

A

bottle

143
Q

mecanismo (ortografia)

A

mechanism

  • These automatic cameras have a special focusing mechanism. (grafia de focus!)
  • The mechanism for collecting taxes needs revising.
  • She’s actually kind of insecure, and her rudeness is just a defence mechanism. (rudEness)
144
Q

catástrofe

A

catastrophe (tem E no final)

- They were warned of the ecological catastrophe to come.

145
Q

thorough, além de meticuloso

A

completo

  • All the other teachers are thoroughly disillusioned with their colleague(!).
  • I thoroughly approve of(!) what the government is doing.
  • The district attorney’s office conducted a thorough investigation. (attorney - procurador)
  • The doctor gave him a thorough medical examination.
146
Q

ilógico;ilusão; ilustrar; ilegal; ilícito; iluminar; desiludido (ortografias)

A

( 2Ls!) illogical; illusion; illustrate; illegal; illicit; illuminate; disillusioned (com i!)

147
Q

This [último/mais recente] conflict further illustrates the weakness of the UN.

A

This latest conflict further illustrates the weakness of the UN. (ilustra ainda mais)

148
Q

peça; pedaço; fragmento; bocado

ortografia

A

piece
- a piece of cloth torn from her coat
(tear tore torn= arrancar (ou rasgar))
- His clothes were dirty and falling to pieces
(fall TO pieces e, não, qqr outra prep)
- a piece of furniture/clothing/equipment (a single object of a particular type)
- a piece of paper (= a whole sheet)
- a piece of china (= an object made of china (china= louça, porcelana)
- a piece of information/advice

149
Q

maré

A

tide

- high/low tide

150
Q

ordain

A

> tornar padre ou autoridade religiosa

>dar ordem; “order” (vindo de deus ou alguma grande autoridade) (não parece ser muit usado)

151
Q

cena (ortografia)

A

scene

como scenery (cenário, paisagem) e scenario (p. futuro)

152
Q

> of or in an earlier time; before the present time or in the past (“ex”)
contrário de latter: the first of two people, things, or groups previously mentioned

A

former

  • his former wife
  • We need a reference from your former employer.
  • Of the two suggestions, I prefer the former.
153
Q

simpatizar (ortografia)

A

sympathise = sympathize

  • I know what it’s like to have migraines, so I really sympathize (with you).
  • I sympathize with the general aims of the organization, but on(!) this particular issue I disagree.
154
Q

> discordar [preposição] someone [preposição] something

I have to [discordar] [prep] you [prep] that issue

A

disagree with someone ON something
- I have to disagree with you on that issue.
- We disagree on(!) most things, but on(!) this question we are at one with each other.
(at one = em harmonia, unidade)

155
Q

come (vir) - passados

A

come - came - come

  • We came by car.
  • I’ve come straight from the airport.
156
Q

colega (Eng e Fr)

A

colleague (Fr: collègue)

  • We’re entertaining some colleagues of Carol’s tonight.
  • He always got along well with his colleagues in the university.
157
Q

> to develop or make progress in something(C2)
more or extra
comparativo de “far”

A

further (farther tbm, APENAS qnd é p ~mais longe~)

  • He has probably done more to further the cause of interracial harmony than any other person.
  • Additional training is probably the best way to further your career these days.
  • Have you anything further to add?
  • If you have any further problems, let me know.
  • It cost me £50 a day and a further £60 for insurance.
  • I never got further than the first five pages of “Ulysses”.
  • We discussed the problem but we didn’t get much further in actually solving it.
  • Every day she sinks further and further into depression.
  • It was much further to the town centre than I remembered.
158
Q

argila = barro
x
cerâmica

A

argila = barro - clay

cerâmica - pottery

159
Q

porcelana

A

porcelain; china

160
Q

fogo = atirar = fogueira

A

fire
(fired - firing)

  • Someone started firing at us.
161
Q

multidão (noun) + cheio de gente (adjetivo)

A

crowd + crowded

- A crowd of about 15,000 attended the concert.

162
Q

túnel

A

tunnel (2Ns!)

=/= panel (1N) - painel

163
Q

bolha
> bolha e sentidos figurados (e o verbo)
> bolha na pele (e em algumas superfícies) (e o verbo)

A

-> bubble (2Bs e só com u)
-> blister
( trouble só tem 1B)
- New shoes always give me blisters.
- The sun blistered the paintwork.
- I burned my shoulders over the weekend and they’re starting to blister.
- As water begins to boil, bubbles rise to the surface.
- I love champagne - I think it’s the bubbles that make it so good.
- Japan’s economic bubble
- the housing bubble (imobiliária)
- He made millions before the dotcom bubble burst. (dotcom - pontocom; burst - estourar, rebentar)
- The candidate liked to talk to ordinary people to get a fix on what was happening outside his bubble. (get a fix on sth- to understand what a situation is like)
- On social media we all tend to live in our bubbles, where everyone feels the same way we do.

164
Q

sintoma

A

symptom

- he’s started to develop the symptoms of AIDS.

165
Q

tonto + tontura

A

dizzy + dizziness

- I felt dizzy with excitement as I went up to collect the award.

166
Q

atrair

A

attract (2 Ts)

167
Q

> cômico

>história em quadrinhos

A

comic

  • a comic actor/performance
  • The speech had several comic touches.

> comic ou comic book
the comics - seção do jornal com quadrinhos

168
Q

passageiro (de ônibus etc)

A

passenger (com E)

169
Q

acusar

acusação

A 
accuse
accusation
- He's been accused of robbery/murder.
- Are you accusing me of lying?
(fr: accuser (2Cs tbm)
170
Q

desaparecer (2)

A

> disappear (2Ps)
- The search was called off for the sailors who disappeared in the storm.
vanish
- The child vanished while on her way home from school.
- We ran out after the thief, but he had vanished into thin air (= had completely disappeared).

171
Q

gado

A

cattle

172
Q

investidor

A

investor

  • A New York investor offered to acquire the company’s shares for $13 each.
  • The company was set up to buy and sell shares on behalf of investors.
173
Q

balcão

A

counter

- There was nobody behind/on the counter when I went into the bank, and I had to wait to be served.

174
Q

tchau

A

goodbye (junto)

175
Q

dentro de uma área ou período ou não além dessa área ou período

A

within

  • Two thirds of Californians live within 15 miles of the coast. (a menos de)
  • In 1992 cross-border controls within the EU were dismantled.(!)
  • The resort lies within easy reach of (= not far from) the ski slopes.
  • The electricity company guarantees connection within 24 hours.
  • The tickets should reach you within the week (= before the end of this week).
  • We recommend that this wine should be consuMed within six months. (em até?)
  • We came within five points of beating them (= we would have beaten them if we had had five more points).
176
Q

autoridade + autorização (Eng e Fr)

A

> authority (Fr: autorité) (TH em Eng!)
authorization = authorisation

  • Medical records cannot be disclosed without authorization from the patient. (disclose - tornar público; publicizar(formal))
  • The United Nations has used/exerted/exercised its authority to restore peace in the area.
    (Fr: autorisation) (TH em Eng!)
177
Q

> aparato, equipamentos
direcionar, voltar
engrenagem / marcha de carro

A

gear

  • fishing/camping gear
  • Police in riot gear (= protective clothing) arrived to control the protesters.
  • He kept his woodworking gear in the garage.
  • The workers said they received no protective gear or warnings about the dangers of asbestos. (amianto)
  • Our program is geared to the needs of children.
  • geared their output to consumer demands. (output- produção)
  • Does your car have five or six gears?
  • When no European state answered Italy’s urgent appeal for medical equipment and protective gear, China publicly coMMiTTed to sending 1,000 ventilators
178
Q 
incêndio (que não fire)
= 
to burn brightly and strongly 
= 
(literário) to be brightly lit or full of colour
=
disparar continuamente
A

blaze
(blazd - blazing)

  • put out the blaze (put out - apagar)
  • The sun was blazing down that afternoon.
  • (literário) Isaac’s eyes suddenly blazed with anger.
  • The ship’s guns blazed at the British as they tried to run for shore.
179
Q

satélite

A

satellite (=Fr) (2Ls!)

180
Q

paciente (Eng e Fr)

A

patient (Eng=Fr)
(com os msms sentidos: adj e substantivo)

(maaaas patienCe)

  • having patience: Be patient with her - she’s very young.
  • I’m a patient of Dr Stephens; please could I make an appointment to see her?
181
Q

comunicar

A

communicate

182
Q

algodão (Eng x Fr)

A

cotton (Eng)

coton (Fr)

!!!

183
Q

> parte feita p pegar - puxadeira, alça, maçaneta

> (verb) to deal with, have responsibility for, or be in charge of

A

handle

  • I just opeNed the drawer as usual and the handle came away in my hand.
  • a door handle
  • the handle on a suitcase (suitcase- mala)
  • I can’t pick the kettle up - the handle’s too hot. (kettle- chaleira)
  • She turned the handle and slowly opened the door.
  • I thought he handled the situation very well.
  • If you can’t handle the job I’ll get someone else to do it.
  • Some people are brilliant with computers, but have no idea how to handle (= behave with) other people.
184
Q

as letras dobram? quais?
> ad[]res[]
> ac[]ros[]

A

> address

> across (1C só!)

185
Q

make up [something] (2)
(além de preparar, criar e inventar (e.o.))
(phrasal verb, preteri-lo)

A

> ~completar~
do later
- We’re $5 short, but I’ll make up the difference.
- The rest will have to be made up with imports from China or rapidly increased domestic manufacturing.(completado)
- The coLLege will make up the difference between your loan and your tuition. (tuition. - taxa escolar)
- In such cases the coLLege will make it up
- She left work early and made up the time by staying late the next day.

186
Q

> aconselhar
X
conselho (dado, aconselhado)

A

> aconselhar - advise
conselho - advice (INCONTÁVEL)
(contável: a piece of advice)
- Let me give you some advice: stay away from Margaret. (NÃO poderia ser “an” no lugar de “some”)
- She gave him a lot of advicE, but I don’t think he listened. (a lot of advice (no sing!)
- I have two pieces of advice for you about the holiday.
- I strongly advise you to lose weight.
- They finally did what we advised.
- I think I’ll take your advice and go home.

187
Q

avaliação

A

evaluation

  • Evaluation of this new treatment cannot take place until all the data has been collected.
  • Part of the rankings include evaluations by three administrators of other colleges in the same caTegory.
  • You need a careful evaluation by an experienced doctor.
  • The researchers turned up no credible evaluations at all. (turn up, aqui, apresentar)
188
Q

uso do “whom”

A

sempre objeto
(formal)
(trocar a ordem e ver se fica “him”, “them” etc)
- Before a job interview it is a good idea, if you can, to find out some background information about the people for whom you would be working (work for them)
- Over 200 people attended the ceremony, many of whom had known Harry as their teacher (many of them)
- She gave birth in 1970 to a boy whom she named Caleb James. (she named him)
- He didn’t ask for whom I had voted. (I voted for him)
- He told me where he went and with whom.

189
Q

> cuidar p q cresça, estimular o crescimento (=criação)
X
nutrir
- She wants to stay at home and [] her children.
- a carefully [] garden (aqui, cuidado)
- As a record company executive, his job is to [] young talent.
- Winifred [] ambitions for her daughter to be a surgeon.
- Which do you believe has the strongest influence on how children develop - nature or []? (criação)
- Children need plenty of good fresh food to [] them.
- She looks happy and well [].
- This cream is supposed to help [] your skin.
- Lisa has long [] the hope of becoming a famous writer.
- Candy isn’t very []. (nutritivo)

A

> nurture - cuidar etc
nourish - nutrir
(ambos usados fig. como em pt)
- She wants to stay at home and nurture her children.
- a carefully nurtured garden (aqui, “cuidado”)
- As a record company executive, his job is to nurture young talent.
- Winifred nurtured ambitions for her daughter to be a surgeon.
- Which do you believe has the strongest influence on how children develop - nature or nurture? (criação)
- Children need plenty of good fresh food to nourish them.
- She looks happy and well nourished.
- This cream is supposed to help nourish your skin.
- Lisa has long nourished the hope of becoming a famous writer.
- Candy isn’t very nourishing. (nutritivo)

190
Q

inasmuch as

A

(acho que o Shawn falou para não usar)
> visto que; dado que; since
> to such a degree as
- Inasmuch as you are their commanding officer, you are responsible for the behaviour of these men.
- Inasmuch as funding is not available, building plans have been delayed.
- She’ll help us, inasmuch as she is able.

191
Q

> have sb [verb] sth
X
have sb [verb ing] sth

A

-> do - ~solicitação, instrução~ de alguém de hierarquia mais elevada, em geral
-> doing - causa e efeito, em geral
- Our teacher had us write a paper on World War II (= requested that we)
- The manager had security kick him out of the store.
- I’ll have my driver pick you up at seven.
(= tell my driver to)
- They would have Icarus do all the work himself, if they could
- …hatched a plot with the Israelis to have them attack the canal (hatch - ~planejar(algo secreto)~ ; plot, aqui, conspiração)
- Nasser had already arranged, by then, to have the Soviet Union fUnd the project (fund- financiar)
- The ending of the movie had us crying like babies (nos fez chorar)
- He’s really funny. He’ll have you laughing your head off at every joke

192
Q

wind up
(wound up - wound up)
(phrasal verb e INFORMAL: preteri-lo)

A

~terminar por~ (de maneira negativa), acabar

  • If he keeps doing stuff like that he’s going to wind up in prison!
  • You don’t want to wind up homeless, do you?
  • If you aren’t careful lifting weights, you could wind up hurting yourself.
  • The very compulsiveness with which the Soviet Union and the United States sought to bring such states within their orbits wound up giving those states the meanS of escape.
193
Q

entrelaçar

A

entwine
- The picture captures the two lovers with their arms entwined.
- The old-fashioned porch was entwined with many creeping plants.
(porch - varanda!! ; creeping plant - planta rastejante)
- In the old days, moviemaking was entwined with political and social life.
- Both economies, entwined in a deeply embedded codependency, will be hurt (embedded- enraizado, incorporado; codependencY (mas (in)dependencE, em geral)

194
Q

> extremely careful and correct, and involving a lot of effort
minucioso, meticuloso

A

painstaking (adj)
>painstakingly - meticulosamente
- It took many months of painstaking research, but he was now ready to write the book.
- He was described by his colleagues as a painstaking journalist.
- She painstakingly explained how the machine worked.
- There are those who advocate an ‘auTHentic’ approach, painstakingly trying to use exactly the technology and performance practice of the original time.

195
Q

> amontoar desorganizadamente = pilha desorganizada (como de roupas)
perífrase c essa palavra : “encher de”
- a [] of clothes/rubbish
- He [] more food onto his plate.
-…[períf] sanctions [períf] Iran in the hope of pushing it back to the negotiating table, or spurring another revolution. (spur- esporar, estimular)
- Put the vegetable peelings on the compost []. (peelings- cascas ; compost- de compostagem)
- Her belongings were scattered in various [] around the room. (scatter- espalhar)
- He deals well with all the criticism [perífrase] him.
- Under Trump’s “America First” administration, the US has turned inward, [períf] scorn [períf] its once-loyal allies, withdrawing support for key multilateral institutions, and embracing trade protectionism. (scorn- desprezo)

A

> heap
heap sth on sb - “encher de”
- a heap of clothes/rubbish
- He heaped more food onto his plate.
-…heaping sanctions on Iran in the hope of pushing it back to the negotiating table, or spurring another revolution. (spur- esporar, estimular)
- Put the vegetable peelings on the compost heap. (peelings- cascas ; compost- de compostagem)
- Her belongings were scattered in various heaps around the room. (scatter- espalhar)
- He deals well with all the criticism heaped on him.
- Under Trump’s “America First” administration, the US has turned inward, heaping scorn on its once-loyal allies, withdrawing support for key multilateral institutions, and embracing trade protectionism. (scorn- desprezo)

196
Q

encolher os ombros

A

shrug

  • “Where’s Dad?” “How should I know?” replied my brother, shrugging.
  • He shrugged his shoulders as if to say that there was nothing he could do about it.
  • Thousands of people are starving to death while the world shrugs its shoulders (= shows no interest or care).
  • the US seems to be shrugging its collective shoulders.
197
Q

hatch a plot
> hatch
> plot

A

> hatch - planejar (algo secreto, principalmente) (tramar, arquitetar)
plot - complô, conluio (além de enredo)
- He hatched a plot to forge documents that would embaRRaSS the company.(forge- forjar)
- They hatched a plan for a surprise birthday party.
- The police have foiled a plot to assassinate the president. (foil- frustrar, prevenir)
- (Nasser)…nationalizing the Suez Canal.This in turn alarmed the British and the French, who, without consulting Washington, hatched a plot with the Israelis to have them attack the canal

198
Q

inteligente

A

intelligent (=Fr masc) (2Ls!)

199
Q

semelhante, similar, parecido

A

similar (1L só!)

- My father and I have similar views on politics.

200
Q

fome grave (hambruna em esp)

A

famine (=Fr)

  • Another crop failure could result in widespread famine.
  • There were reports of refugees dying of famine.
  • Thousands of people emigrated during the Irish potato famine of 1845–46.
201
Q

caixão

A

coffin

casket tbm poderia

202
Q

resistente

A

resistAnt (com A!)

  • Why are you so resistant to change?
  • a disease-resistant variety of tomato
203
Q

(ortografia) imigração, imóvel (que não se mexe), imenso, imediatamente, iminente

A

iMMigration, iMMobile, iMMense, iMMediately, iMMinent
> o que NÃO acontece com “em”:
- emigration, emergency, emergence, emotional, emulate

204
Q

verdadeiramente (ortografia)

A

truly (sem E)

  • I’m truly sorry I hurt your feelings.
  • This is a truly remarkable achievement.
  • At this time of year the river is a truly beautiful sight.
  • A system of checks and balances exists to ensure that our government is truly democratic.
205
Q

compartilhar

A

share

  • this visit enables our countries to advance these shared interests.
  • Let’s share the sweets (out) among/between everyone.
206
Q

advance

A

> suggest an idea or theory (formal)
to go or move something forward, or to develop or improve something

  • the theory advanced in this article (~sugerida~)
  • this visit enables our countries to advance these shared interests.
  • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
207
Q

> suporte = dar suporte (1 palavra) (ortografia) = sustentar

A

support

  • Is that enough money to support yourself?
  • I support his nomination for president.
  • His testimony will support her plea of innocence.

(champion pode ser um bom substituto, às vezes)

208
Q

dependente Eng x Fr

A

> Eng: dependEnt

> Fr: dépendAnt(e)

209
Q

extinguir (p/ fogo) x extinto (p/ espécie etc.)

A

> extinguish - to cause to stop burning;
put out; to put an end to or bring to an end.

> extinct (só ADJ) ; extinction (noun)

  • Many surface fires burn during the day, only to be extinguished when relative humidity increases in the evening.
  • extinguished his hopes.
  • an extinct specieS (species - sing = plu)
  • an extinct custom.
210
Q

esquivar(-se)

A

dodge

  • He dodged to avoid the hurtling bicycle. (hurtle - estar descontroladamente rápido)
  • The Senator dodged questions about his relationship with the actress.
  • She threw a chair at me but I dodged out of the way. (throw, threw, thrown
  • He managed to dodge most of the rocks thrown at him.

E n g l i s h (6 decks)

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