V L6: Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
whats a chromosome?
dense packets of DNA by which hereditary information is passed from one generation to the next
whats a autosome?
any chromosome other than a sex chromosome
whats a allele?
alternative forms of a gene/marker at a specific genetic location
whats a locus?
a specific genetic location of a gene or a genetic marker
When did Mendel publish his findings?
1865
what did Mendel do?
Mendel conducted a series of simple cross breeding experiments on the common garden pea
How many trait did Mendel study?
7
A dominant phenotype can have two different genotypes, which are?
homozygous dominant and heterozygous
A recessive phenotype has only one possible genotype , which is?
homozygous recessive.
what is mendels first law?
The law of segregation of alleles. Each parent 1 copy of gene to offspring, parent has two alleles each will be passed on in equal proportions.
what is mendels second law?
The principle of independent segregation of alleles.
Independent assortment of two genes predicts a ________ phenotype ratio
9:3:3:1
Where di-hybrid crosses do not give the expected genotype and phenotype ratios, there is evidence of?
genetic linkage
Genes that are very close together on a chromosome tend to be inherited as a single unit or ?
haplotype
1 round of DNA replication is followed by 2 successive divisions called?
meiosis I and II
the second division of meiosis is what to mitosis?
identical
why is the first division of meiosis not identical to mitosis?
so that there is genetic diversity
what happens in meiosis I ?
- genetic material is duplicated
2 separated randomly and independently - to 223 possible combinations of paternal/maternal homologs
- egg and sperm combine there are over 70 trillion possible combinations of genetic material
How many genes does blue eyes involve?
could be more than one
is a straight hair line dominant?
No widows peak is dominant
Whats dominant attached ear lobe or free ear lobes?
free earlobes dominant
is red hair dominant?
no its recessive
what 2 genes does chromosome 19 have?
FUT1 and FUT2
what is the gene FUT1 responsible for?
FUT1 is responsible for the O/H antigen in erythrocytes (rbcs) – aka H blood group (Hh).
what is the gene FUT2 responsible for?
FUT2 gene codes for O/H antigen secretors/non-secretors.
X linked traits can be what?
dominant or recessive
Males have 1 X and 1 Y chromosome which pair at meiosis via small region of ______ with X chromosome
homology
All X-linked and Y-linked traits are ______ in males
dominant
will sons and fathers have near identical Y chromosomes ?
yes
do all traits follow medelian inheritance patterns?
No
Name two types of real non-mendelian inheritance?
maternal inheritance – mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
phenocopies
