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1st Year sem 2: Forensic Identification > V L1: Cells and the biological molecules they contain > Flashcards

V L1: Cells and the biological molecules they contain Flashcards

1
Q

what is a cell?

A

A cell can be defined as a membrane enclosed unit that contains an aqueous fluid of chemicals, that can grow and divide

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2
Q

what are prokaryotic cells?

A

A single cytoplasmic compartment enclosed in a plasma membrane.

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3
Q

what shape are prokaryotic cells?

A

They are typically spherical or rod shaped

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4
Q

do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

no

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5
Q

name two prokaryotic cells?

A

Bacteria and archaea

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6
Q

what are eukaryotic cells?

A

has nucleus and other organelles

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7
Q

Name eukaryotic cells?

A

Animals, plants and fungi

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8
Q

what are the two nucleic acids?

A

RNA and DNA

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9
Q

whats the role of polysaccharides?

A

roles including cell fuel, cell adhesion

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10
Q

what are monomers?

A

the smaller units from which larger molecules are made.

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11
Q

what are polymers?

A

molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together.

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12
Q

Name osme monomers

A

Monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides

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13
Q

what’s a condensation reaction?

A

reaction joins two molecules together forming of a covalent bond and involves the elimination of a molecule of water.

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14
Q

what’s a hydrolysis reaction?

A

breaks a covalent bond between two molecules and involves the use of a water molecule.

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15
Q

what are protein monomers?

A

amino acids

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16
Q

what forms a peptide bond?

A

polypeptide condensation

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17
Q

amino acids are built from?

A

…..

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18
Q

what’s the difference between RNA and DNA?

A

RNA sugar is ribose

DNA sugar is deoxyribose

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19
Q

understands what RNA and DNA

A

look like

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20
Q

what is mRNA?

A

single stranded edited copy of a gene sequence in a linear form.

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21
Q

what are some forms of RNA?

A

messenger RNA
transfer RNA
ribosomal RNA

22
Q

what is transfer RNA?

A

the adapter molecules – at one end they bind to the mRNA codon and at the other they carry an amino acid.

23
Q

what is Ribosomal RNA?

A

key components of ribosomes, catalysing assembly of polypeptides

24
Q

what doe sMRNA profiling involve?

A

mRNA tissue markers.

25
Q

what does microRNA profile

A

profiles degraded or compromised samples.

26
Q

what happens to DNA?

A

gets transcribed and translated

27
Q

are lipids a macromolecuele?

A

no

28
Q

Name some lipids?

A

fatty acids
non glycerides
complex lipids
glycerides

29
Q

what type of fatty acids are there?

A

saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

30
Q

what’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

A

unsaturated has a doble bond

saturated doesn’t

31
Q

what forms triglyceride?

A

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

32
Q

what do triglycerides do?

A

store energy in the body

33
Q

what is the head?

A

hydrophilic - do like water

34
Q

what is the tail?

A

hydrophobic - don’t like water

35
Q

is the head more polar?

A

yes

36
Q

are lipid useful when identifying people?

A

no but give other useful forensic information

37
Q

lipids can provide ______

A

timescales

38
Q

how can lipids help in forensics?

A

hoe long a fingerprint has been there ?

how long a body has been decomposing ?

39
Q

what stem structure of a monosachardie?

A

(CH2O)n

40
Q

what type of reaction joins monosaccharides?

A

condensation

41
Q

what’s the test for saliva?

A

phadebas

42
Q

what’s the starch in saliva?

A

amylose/amylopectin

43
Q

is there a confirmatory test for saliva?

A

no

44
Q

what’s a fertilised egg known as?

A

zygote

45
Q

are somatic cells genetically identical?

A

yes

46
Q

somatic cells are ______ and divide by _____

A
  1. diploid

2. mitosis

47
Q

which somatic cells are not genetically identical ?

A

Activated B and T lymphocytes will have unique immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes

48
Q

when else can cells not be genetically identical?

A

Transplant recipients
Will have the donor’s DNA in the transplant tissue
Bone marrow especially

49
Q

Cells from different individuals are genetically ______

A

unique

50
Q

Cells from different parts of a person’s body are genetically __________

A

identical

51
Q

sometimes two embryos will fuse to produce ________

A

tetragametic embryo

52
Q

A person’s DNA remains __________ during their lifetime

A

unchanged

1st Year sem 2: Forensic Identification (15 decks)

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