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Anatomy > V. Integument > Flashcards

V. Integument Flashcards

1
Q

What is Integument?

A

(in-teg ū́ -ment; integumentum = a covering) is the skin that covers your body. Skin is also known as the cutaneous( kū-tā ń ē-ŭs) membrane, orcutaneouslayer.

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2
Q

What does the Integumentary system consist of?

A

The skin and its derivatives—nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

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3
Q

What are the 3 main glands?

A
  1. Sebaceous (oil)
  2. Mammary
  3. ? Sweat
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4
Q

What are the main functions?

A

Barrier - between external and internal environments

  1. Protection
  2. Regulation of Body Fluids
  3. Regulation of Body Temperature
  4. Absorptive/ Excretory Functions
  5. Sensory Reception
  6. Communication
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5
Q

Protection…(5)

A

a. Micro-organisms (Film of oil develops from sebaceous glands on the skin which keeps the them under control)
b. water - barrier for both inside and outside
c. chemicals
d. radiation - ultraviolet radiation
e. mechanical trauma (thinker skin (hypo-dermis) thickest layer

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6
Q

Skin makes up ___% of our weight

A

70%

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7
Q

How many sq ft of skin do humans have on average?

A

21 sq ft

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8
Q

Regulation of body fluids

A

Prevents excess water loss

This is the reason why severe burns can be a problem

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9
Q

Regulation of body Temperature (cooling)

A

Sweating - evaporation from skin causes cooling sensations

circulation - cooling of blood

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10
Q

Regulation of body temperature (warming)

A

Goose bumps - hair stands up (Arector pili muscle causes it to stand)
In the winter the cooling circulation shuts down - reason why we turn red when we walk inside
Fat - Insulator

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11
Q

Absorptive/ Excretory Functions

A
  1. oxygen & carbon dioxide - amphibians use skin for respiration
  2. fat soluble vitamins (vit D), drugs (Skin patches), toxins (poison Ivy)
  3. excretion of NaCl, nitrogenous wastes
  4. ultraviolet light (makes vitamin D3 - needed for calcium and phosphate absorption by intestine)
    - D3 deficiency = rickets (kids) or Osteomalacia (adults)
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12
Q

Sensory Reception

A

Skin is one big sensory organ - there are sensory receptors everywhere

  • abundance of receptors varies according to location on body
  • nerve endings for temperature, touch, pressure, vibration, pain
  • Deep pressure in feet, butt, ect
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13
Q

Communication

A 
Facial expressions
Moving Skin
Talking
Cues - red face/ flush, nervous - sweating
mood - animals can detect odor
Continuation of humans
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14
Q

Texture

A

Rough and soft

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15
Q

Thickness

A

Varies
Soles of feet – thickest part
eyelids/ ear drums very thin
Average skin thickness: 1-2 milliliters

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16
Q

Surface Patterns

A
  1. ridges (knuckles, palms of hands, finger prints)
  2. creases and lines (related to how you move your face, frowning/ smiling)
  3. tension lines (cuts during surgery are made along these)
  4. stretch marks (tearing scars)
17
Q

what are the 3 types of coloration?

A
  1. Melanin
  2. carotene
  3. hemoglobin
18
Q

Melanin

A

melanocytes
natural coloration in skin pigments
same amount in everyone (regardless of skin color)

19
Q

Carotene

A

yellow/ orange pigment

20
Q

Hemoglobin

A

gives the underline redness color from the blood through circulation under skin.
Bruises - are just broken blood vessels (turn green - yellow when hemoglobin is being broken down)

21
Q

Gives clues to body conditions… (list 4)

A
  1. Disease (blue pigments —> yellow jaundice; red area = infection; rashes spots ect. (measles, chicken pox), allergies
  2. shock (pale skin)
  3. cyanosis (blue lips and nails) - anoxia (inadequate oxygen)
  4. abnormal texture (glandular, nutritional disfunction)
22
Q

3 main layers…

A
  1. Epidermis (from ectoderm)
  2. Dermis (from mesoderm – dermatome)
  3. hypodermis (from mesoderm – dermatome) - deepest layer
23
Q

Epidermis cell types

A
  1. Keratinocytes - keratin (define layers of skin)

2. Melanocytes

24
Q

Epidermis layers (5)

A
  1. stratum corneum
  2. stratum lucidum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum spinosum
  5. stratum basale
25
Q

Stratum corneum

A

skin layer 1

looks like cornflakes

26
Q

strutum lucidum

A

skin layer 2

27
Q

strutum granulosum

A

skin layer 3

28
Q

strutum spinosum

A

skin layer 4
main layer
joined by junctions
looks like spines under microscope) - actually desmosomes

29
Q

strutum basale

A

skin layer 5

germinativum?

30
Q

Basal laminate

A

extra cellular

31
Q

Skin Cancer

A
  1. Basal cell carcinoma
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma
  3. melanoma
32
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Skin Cancer

Doesn’t metastasize

33
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Metastasize

Spinosum

34
Q

Melanoma

A

Can occur anywhere
Probably already metastasized by the time it is found
occurs by melanoma —?

Anatomy (8 decks)

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