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USMLE Step 1 practice exam flashcards > UWorld Mock blocks week 1/28-1/3 > Flashcards

UWorld Mock blocks week 1/28-1/3 Flashcards

1
Q

Fabry inheritance

A

X-linked recessive

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2
Q

alpha-galactosidase A deficiency –> accumulation of globotriaosylceramide

Sx present in adolescence.

Neuropathic pain, hypohydrosis (decreased sweating), angikeratomas, telangiectasis, glomerular disease, cerebrovascular disease, cardiac disease

A

Fabry

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3
Q

Shizotypal

A

odd-type of behavior, odd beliefs, social anxiety, and perceptual distortions - eccentric

and odd-type LIKE schizophrenia

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4
Q

Schizoid

A

Socially detached - loners

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5
Q

dofetilide

A

Class III anti-arrhythmic (amiodoraone and sotalol)

K+ blocker

Inhibit outward potassium current during repolarization - phase 3 –> prolong repolarization and prolong action potential duration

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6
Q

Ureteric bud derivatives

A

collecting system: collecting tubules and ducts, major/minor calyces, renal pelvis, ureters

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7
Q

Metanephric mesoderm derivatives

A

glomeruli, bowman’s space, PCT, loop of hence, DCT

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8
Q

Leukamoid reaction

A

benign leukocytosis in response to an underlying condition such as were infection/hemorhage, malignancy, or acute hemolysis.

Alkaline pos levels are normal or increased (would be low in CML)

increased bands, myelocytes, and granules (dohle bodies) in neutrophils

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9
Q

Isotype switching

A

Germinal centers of lymph nodes

CD40-CD40L

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10
Q

MHC I

A

Heavy chain and a beta-2 micro globulin

On all cells

Presents antigen to cytotoxic CD8+ cells

Results in apoptosis by CD8

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11
Q

MHC II

A

Alpha and beta chains

Found on APCs

Presents antigen to CD4+

Results in TH cell activation to stimulate cell mediated and humoral immune response

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12
Q

aminolevulinate synthase

A

rate-limiting step of heme synthesis

Requires pyridoxine as co-factor

Isoniazid or B6 deficiency –> impaired function –> impaired heme synthesis –> sideroblastic anemia (microcytic)

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13
Q

C. diff treatment

A

Fidaxomicin, metronidazole, or vancomycin

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14
Q

Latanoprost

A

Topical prostaglandins to treat open angle glaucoma

Increase OUTFLOW of aqueous humor

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15
Q

Ulnar nerve compression

A

Medial epicondyle OR Guyon’s canal (hook of hamate)

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16
Q

Isoniazid

A

Inhibits mycotic acid synthesis

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17
Q

Rabies treatment

A

prophylactic inactivated rabies vaccination

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18
Q

S3

A

Normal in <40and pregnancy

Systolic heart failure, mitral regurg, high output states

Best heard in left lateral decubitus at end-expiration

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19
Q

S4

A

Found in older adults

Stiff ventricle - always pathologic

Abnormal in children, indicates diastolic dysfunction - LVH

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20
Q

Dandy walker malformation

A

Absence of cerebellar vermis, cystic dilate of fourth ventricle, posterior fossa enlargement

Developmental delay and progressive skull enlargement

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21
Q

Rickets

A

Excess of unmineralized osteoid matrix and epiphyseal cartilage d/t Fit D deficiency

Frontal bossing, craniotabes, costochondral junction deformity, bowed legs

22
Q

Thiazides

A

Indirectly cause hypercalcemia –> suppressed PTH

23
Q

Between keratinocytes

A

Desmosomes - destruction = pemphigus vulgaris

Acantholysis - intraepithelial cleavage BETWEEN keratinocytes

24
Q

Lithium

A

Nephorgenic DI

25
Q

Lynch syndrome

A

Mismatch repair gene defect

Colorectal cancer
Ovarian cancer
Endometrial cancer

26
Q

Tacriolomus and cyclosporine - immunosuppressants used to prevent transplant rejection and inflammatory disorders

A

Calcineurin inhibitors

Nephrotoxic

27
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Contraindicated in parkinson’s - antagonist on dopamine receptors

28
Q

Tissue ischemia

A

Dysfunction on Na/K ATPase –> K+ leakage from affected cells

Increase Na+ in cells –> swelling and explosion

29
Q

Homocysteinuria

A

Marfanoid with intellectual disability, hypercoagulability, and downward lens dislocation

30
Q

Water soluble vs. lipid soluble in placenta

A

Water soluble DON’T cross placenta - Heparin

Lipid soluble DO cross placenta - Warfarin

31
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Peaked T waves on ECG

32
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

QT prolongation

33
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

QT shortening, T-wave flattening or inversion in severe cases

34
Q

Hypokalemia

A

QT prolongation, U-waves, and ST depression

Severe hypokalemia causes torsades

35
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

up regulation of dopamine receptors

36
Q

Dopamine beta hydroxylase

A

Converts dopamine to norepinephrine - necessary for sympathetic adrenergic activity

37
Q

Fructose-2,6-biphosphate

A

Increases when insulin is released –> activates phosphofructokinase-1 –> glycolysis can proceed

Decreases when glucagon is released –> decreased inhibition of Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase –> gluconeogenesis can occur

38
Q

CMV RETINITIS

A

CD4<50

Treat w/ ganciclovir

39
Q

CKD

A

decreased phosphate excretion and vitamin D conversion –> hypocalcemia –> secondary hyperparathyroidism

40
Q

CD18

A

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

41
Q

Anti-jo-1

A

Dermatomyositis

Polymyositis + skin findings

42
Q

Dubin-johnson syndrome

A

conjugates chronic hyperbilirubinemia - no hemolysis

43
Q

Zidovudine

A

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor to treat HIV infection

Competitively binds reverse transcriptase and is incorporates as thymidine analog w/o a 3’-OH group - prevents formation of 3’-5’ phosphodiester bond

44
Q

Sheehan syndrome

A

ischemic necrosis of pituitary - pituitary grows w/o increased blood supply.

45
Q

Zollinger-ellison

A

Ulcers, diarrhea, abdominal pain, acid reflux

MEN 1

46
Q

Milrinone

A

Used in refractory heart failure

PDE-3 inhibitory –> increase cAMP degradation –> Ca2+ influx –> positive isotropy

PDE-3 inhibitor in vascular smooth muscle –> arterial and venous dilation

47
Q

Class IA antiarrhythmics

A

Quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide

Intermediate phase 0 depolarization

Prolonger AP

48
Q

Class IB antiarrhythmics

A

Lidocaine, mexelitine

Weak phase 0 depoloraztion

Shortened AP duration

49
Q

Class IC antiarrhythmics

A

Flecainide, propafenone

Strong phase 0 depoloraztaion

No change in AP duration

50
Q

Elastase

A

Released by neutrophils or alveolar macrophages –> emphysema

51
Q

Xeroderma pigementosa

A

AR

defective nucleotide excision repar - UV-specific endonuclease

USMLE Step 1 practice exam flashcards (16 decks)

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