UWorld Medicine Flashcards
initial fibromyalgia tx
- pt education
- regular aerobic exercise
- good sleep hygeine
- next step = Pharmacotx
- – 1st: TCAs (ex amitriptyline)
- – Alternate: SNRIs, pregabalin
blastomycosis geography
south/south-central states, mississippi & ohio river valleys, upper midwest states, great lakes states & canadian provinces
presentation of blastomycosis
- lung: PNA
- cutaneous: well-circumscribed verrucous nodules and blaques that progress to microabscesses
- Bone: osteomyelitis
- GU: Prostatitis, epididymo-orchitis
- CNS
electrolyte/volume status in SIADH pt
hypotonic hyponatremia in a euvolemic patient
presentation of esophageal perforation
severe restrosternal pain, dyspnea, subcutaneous emphysema, odynophagia, and signs of sepsis
– surgical emergency
PFTs for asthma
TLC, FEV1/FVC, DLCO
TLC normal/Increased
FEV1/FVC decreased (with positive bronchodilator response)
DLCO normal/increased
PFTs for copd
TLC, FEV1/FVC, DLCO
TLC increased
FEV1/FVC decreased
DLCO decreased (normal in early COPD)
PFTs for interstitial lung dz
TLC, FEV1/FVC, DLCO
TLC decreased
FEV1/FVC normal
DLCO decreased
PFTs for pulmonary arterial HTN
TLC, FEV1/FVC, DLCO
TLC normal
FEV1/FVC normal
DLCO decreased
PFTs for restrictive chest wall dz
TLC, FEV1/FVC, DLCO
TLC decreased
FEV1/FVC normal
DLCO normal
presentation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
slowly progressive dyspnea, dry cough, and fine crackles
- commonly in pts 50-70yo
what is a hydrogen breath test look for?
rise in measured breath hydrogen level after ingestion of lactose, indicating bacterial carbohydrate metabolism
positive for lactose intolerance
most common source of symptomatic PE clot
proximal deep leg veins (ex femoral v, popliteal v, deep femoral v)
importance of size of solitary pulmonary nodules
<0.6cm are unlikely to be malignant
>0.8cm require additional management or surveillance
brain location for alzheimers dementia
temporal and parietal lobes
— most prominent in the medial temporal lobes and hippocampi
how to tell frontotemporal dementia vs alzheimers dementia
- memory: Alz presents initially with memory impairment vs in FT this is usually mild in the initial stages of dz
- age: FT has earlier age of onset (usually 50-60yo)
- brain location: Alz is temp and parietal. FT is temp and frontal.
- sx: FT primarily has personality changes and loss of social inhibition. Alz mainly memory impairment, word-finding difficulty, loss of executive function
pt predisposed to AERD
- AERD = Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease`
- most often seen in pts with hx of asthma or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis
risk factors for carpal tunnel
include (but not limited to):
female
obese
hypothyroidism
