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Year 3 > COMBANK FM COMAT > Flashcards

COMBANK FM COMAT Flashcards

1
Q

Kid XR showing coin facing you on AP film

A

coin in esophagus

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2
Q

Kid XR showing coin facing you on lateral film

A

coin in trachea

  • would also show signs of airway compromise
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3
Q

s/sx of tuberculosis

A

hemoptysis, night sweats, fever, weight loss

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4
Q

alarm sx of GERD

A

dysphagia, weight loss, bleeding, iron deficiency anemia

  • mean it’s complicated GERD
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5
Q

GERD Tx: uncomplicated vs complicated

A 
uncomplicated = PPI
complicated = need imaging (upper endoscopy)
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6
Q

HTN meds in black ppl

A

HCTZ first line (JNC 8 - Outdated)

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7
Q

Empiric outpatient treatment of young patients with CAP (community acquired pneumonia)

A

Doxycycline or macrolides are good first-line choices

– cover typical and atypical CAP

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8
Q

treatment of CAP (community acquired pneumonia) In patients over 60 years of age or those with significant comorbidities

A

usually is typical CAP
tx is second or third generation cephalosporins, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones with pneumococcal coverage

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9
Q

who gets flu anti-viral drug tx

A

pts who fall in the high risk groups or time frame of less than 48 hours

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10
Q

flu vaccine for pts with egg allergy (severe)

A

inactivated influenza vaccination (IIV3)

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11
Q

pharm tx to lower TG levels

A 
<500mg/dL = statin
>500mg/dL = fibrate followed by statin later
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12
Q

Severe hypertriglyceridemia is associated with an increased incidence of

A

acute pancreatitis.

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13
Q

s/sx peripheral arterial occlusion

A

Claudication symptoms, pale cool extremity, and decreased distal pulses

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14
Q

s/sx Thrombophlebitis

A

tenderness to palpation, erythema, and often warmth and swelling in the area of inflammation

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15
Q

s/sx Chronic venous insufficiency

A

lower leg aching pain and cramping
bilateral lower extremity swelling, varicose veins, and hemosiderin staining (brawny brown deposits) of the anterior shins

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16
Q

live attenuated vaccines

A

MMR
Varicella
Influenza (nasal spray)
Rotavirus

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17
Q

individuals who are able to make personal health care decisions for those who are incompetent

A

spouse, followed by a parent, followed by the next of kin, followed by a default surrogate.

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18
Q

new guidelines recommend initiating of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) in patients with an LDL-C _____

A

> 190 mg/dL

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19
Q

New strains of multi-drug resistant organisms should be reported to

A

cdc

and County health department too

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20
Q

fhx that is risk factor for heart disease

A

Family history in
father or brother with a heart attack BEFORE age 55,
or in
mother or sister BEFORE age 65

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21
Q

AOM (Acute OM) vs OME (OM with effusion)

A

OME is middle ear effusion w/o acute symptoms

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22
Q

Inflammation with bulging of the TM on otoscopy is highly predictive of

A

AOM (Acute OM)

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23
Q

Migraine headaches s/sx

A

throbbing, usually unilateral headaches that last between 2 and 24 hours

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24
Q

gender diff in migraine vs cluster

A

Migraine is more common among women, while cluster headaches are seen overwhelmingly in men.

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25
Cluster headaches s/sx
intense pain near the eye with many headaches in a short period of time followed by headache-free periods.
26
common migraine vs classic migraine
Common migraine by definition does not include an aura.
27
relation between L5 and sacrum
L5 and the sacrum always rotate in opposite directions. --- Sidebending of L5 engages the ipsilateral sacral oblique axis. Forward sacral torsions are associated with type I (neutral) mechanics at L5 whereas backward sacral torsions are associated with type II (non-neutral) mechanics at L5
28
EBV (Mono) dx confirmed by:
latex agglutination assay that detects heterophile antibodies
29
best diagnostic test for H. pylori
serology
30
best test for eradication of H. pylori
urea breath test
31
Overflow incontinence
unpredictable dribbling of urine or weak urine stream due to underactive bladder and/or outlet obstruction
32
Mixed incontinence
combination of both stress and urge incontinence
33
First line antibiotic therapy for human bites
amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
34
What type of drug is Memantine ?
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that is thought to be neuroprotective
35
initial treatment for mild to moderate dementia symptoms
cholinesterase inhibitor (galantamine or donepezil)
36
treatment for moderate to severe dementia symptoms
Keep on cholinesterase inhibitor (galantamine or donepezil). | Add NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine) in moderate to severe Alz
37
Supplement that can prevent Alzheimer's disease
omega-3 FAs
38
treatment of depression and mood disorders in dementia patients
SSRI (Ex/ citalopram)
39
FEV1 and FVC changes in restrictive lung dz
FEV1 and FVC are both decreased, but proportionately so. Therefore, FEV1 is decreased but FEV1/FVC is normal. Reversible with bronchodilator test.
40
FEV1 and FVC changes in obstructive lung dz
FEV1 decreases to less than 80% predicted, FEV1/FVC ratio is less than 0.7, and there is incomplete reversal with inhaled bronchodilators.
41
COPD Tx that improves mortality & QoL
Supplemental oxygen is the only modality that can improve pulmonary artery pressure, dyspnea, survival, and quality of life
42
restless leg syndrome characteristic sx
bilateral pain or discomfort in legs present at rest but relieved with movement.
43
lumbar disc herniation characteristic sx
back pain with radiation to bilateral lower extremity. Pain is usually worsened with sitting and backward flexion.
44
difference between sciatica and piriformis syndrome
piriformis syndrome usually causes pain in the buttocks and hamstrings whereas sciatica typically causes pain in the distal extremity as well -- different hx too
45
Dx steps in thyroid nodule
1. measurement of serum TSH to evaluate for hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism 2. If TSH is normal, the next step in evaluation is ultrasound to evaluate for size and anatomic spread
46
types of tumors that contain psammoma bodies
PSAMMoma (Papillary thyroid carcinoma, Serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary, Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, Meningioma, Mesothelioma)
47
adenovirus eye sx
- most common cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis - palpebral conjunctiva is erythematous and copious watery discharge with some scant exudates - usually an associated pharyngitis, fever, malaise, and preauricular lymphadenopathy
48
tx of allergic conjunctivitis
- symptomatic with cold compresses, topical vasoconstrictors, antihistamines, and mast cell stabilizers - -- topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as ketorolac are better alternatives to topical glucocorticoids
49
imaging study of choice in evaluating a second febrile urinary tract infection
Voiding cystourethrogram
50
Lloyd's sign
positive costovertebral tenderness significant for pyelonephritis
51
Osteitis fibrosa cystica dx
- rare manifestation in severe cases of hyperparathyroidism - characterized by the appearance of brown tumors on x-ray (lesions are cysts filled with blood, fibrous tissue, and osteoclasts)
52
Epley maneuver
- method of otolith repositioning - patient is moved through a series of positions that attempt to move the otolith out of the semicircular canal. - first line of treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).
53
Dix-Hallpike maneuver
- used to diagnose BPPV | - cannot be used for treatment of BPPV
54
how to dx primary ovarian failure.
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) elevation in the menopausal range on 2 occasions separated by at least 1 month
55
typical organism for UTIs with indwelling catheter
pseudomonas aeruginosa
56
Claudication in the young, healthy patient may be due to
adventitial cystic disease or popliteal entrapment.
57
tx of painful diabetic neuropathy
TCAs (amitriptyline, desipramine) or anticonvulsants (pregabalin, gabapentin)
58
goal INR in a patient with atrial fibrillation who is taking warfarin for anticoagulation for prevention of thrombotic events
2.0 to 3.0
59
eye finding specific to diabetic retinopathy
neovascularization
60
eye findings found in both diabetes and HTN retinopathy
cotton wool spots (more HTN) retinal hemorrhage microaneurysm (more DM)
61
eye finding (more) specific to HTN retinopathy
AV nicking
62
MOA of post-HIV exposure prophylaxis
typically involve NRTIs and/or integrase inhibitors
63
Activities of daily living (ADLs)
transferring, toileting, continence, feeding, dressing and bathing -- note, NOT meal prep
64
dosing of Ca and Vit D in osteoporosis
women: combined calcium intake (dietary and supplemental) of 1200 mg of calcium and 800 international units of vitamin D men: 1000 mg of calcium and 600 international units of vitamin D
65
most appropriate initial screening test at 11 weeks' gestation
urine culture to rule out asymptomatic bacteriuria | --- recc: screened for between 12-16 weeks gestation or at the first prenatal visit if it is later than 16 weeks
66
contraindication to PDE-5 inhibitors
(ex/ sildenafil) contraindicated in patients taking nitrates, as the combination of medication will precipitate dangerously low drop in blood pressure
67
somatic symptom disorder dx
- must present with multiple physical complains beginning before age of 30 years old. - physical complaints must consist of at least four different sites of pain - ROS must be positive for at least 2 gastrointestinal sx, 1 sexual sx, and 1 neurological sx
68
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia s/sx
- fever, malaise and fatigue in young children | - red flags: weight loss, pallor, petechiae, bone pain, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly
69
1st line tx for Graves
methimazole | over PTU b/c of PTU's potential hepatotoxicity
70
AAA management: lesions <5.5cm
monitoring if asymptomatic - -- Small aneurysms (3.0 – 4.0 cm) should be monitored by ultrasound every two years. - -- Aneurysms 4.0 – 5.4 cm should be monitored by ultrasound or CT every six to twelve months + smoking cessation!

Year 3 (15 decks)

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