UWORLD LESSONS

Question 1

What are the main features of Fanconi’s anemia?

Answer 1

growth restriction, microcephaly
pancytopenia (aplastic anemia)
weird thumbs
macrocytic anemia
hypo or hyperpigmented spots
strabismus
low set ears
chronic ear infections or deafness
aut recessive or X-linked-chromosomal breaks

Question 2

what are some acquired causes of aplastic anemia?

Answer 2

NSAIDs, sulfonamides
benzene, toxic chemicals
viral infections (HIV, EBV)
immune disorders
thymoma

Question 3

What would a thymic tumor do to a CBC?

Answer 3

you would see red cell aplasia

but no decrease in other cell lines

Question 4

What is the most common cause of Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease? when does it usu resolve?

Answer 4

coxsackie virus

resolves in 2-3 days.

Question 5

What are the features of scarlet fever?

Answer 5

fever
strawberry tongue
rash: sandpaper SPARING palms and soles
cervical LAD
exudative pharyngitis

Question 6

What are the features of staph scalded skin syndrome?

Answer 6

fever, irritability, rash
flaccid blisters 1-2d in flexural areas
pos. Nikolsky’s sign

Question 7

What are the features of Kawasaki’s disease?

Answer 7

vasculitis
fever>5d
nonexudative conjunctivitis
extremities: erythema, edema, desquamation
cervical LAD
oral mucosal changes
polymorphous rash.

Question 8

What is the most common type of brain tumor in kids?

Answer 8

astrocytomas

Question 9

Where is a medulloblastoma located in kids?

Answer 9

vermis

always found in the posterior fossa

Question 10

What are the symptoms of a pinealoma?

Answer 10

endocrine symptoms
intracranial HTN
parinaud’s: paralysis of vertical gaze
Collier’s: retraction of eyelid

Question 11

What is the histo look of a craniopharyngioma?

Answer 11

cystic structure with calcifications

Question 12

What is this?
unilateral subacute hip pain
progressive antalgic gait
thigh muscle atrophy
decreased hip ROM

Answer 12

see collapse of ipsi femoral head
Legg Calve Perthes disease
idiopathic avascular necrosis

Question 13

What is this?
pruritis
scaly erythematous lesions
face, chest, extensor surfaces

Answer 13

atopic dermatitis

Question 14

What is this?

well-demarcated erythematous plaques with silvery scales on scalp, neck, extensor surfaces

Answer 14

psoriasis

not common in children

Question 15

What is erythroderma?

Answer 15

exfoliative dermatitis
scaling >90% of the body
bright red patches coalesce and peel

Question 16

What’s the deal with Kallmann’s syndrome?

Answer 16

X-linked recessive
no migration of GnRH or olfactory neurons
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism & anosmia
low FSH/LH
karyotype supports phenotype, tho.

Question 17

Which organism predominates in children with CF? Adults with CF? Antibiotics to address these?

Answer 17

children with CF: staph aureus (MRSA)-need IV vancomycin

adults: pseudomonas-need amikacin, ceftazidime, cipro

Question 18

How do you describe clubfoot? What is its fancy name?

Answer 18

talipes equinovarus
equinus and varus of calcaneum and talus
varus midfoot
adduction forefoot

treat with stretching and manipulation of foot with serial plaster casts, malleable splints, or taping
treat immediately

Question 19

What are the important features of Friedrich’s Ataxia?

Answer 19

autosomal recessive
trinucleotide repeats
tocopherol transfer protein
cardiomyopathy--like lots of heart stuff
wide based gait, decreased reflexes
progressive, wheelchair by 25, death by 35

Question 20

What happens to hydroceles seen in newborns?

Answer 20

disappear by 12 mo

if they don’t worry about an inguinal hernia

Question 21

What are the possible medications used for Lyme dx?

Answer 21

doxycycline
cefuroxime
amoxicillin

Question 22

Which Lyme dx medication should be used for children

Answer 22

amoxicillin or cefuroxime

Question 23

What can doxycycline do to pediatric patients or pregnant women?

Answer 23

enamel hypoplasia-permanent stains

it can slow bone growth

Question 24

What is the advantage of doxycycline to treat Lyme dx?

Answer 24

it can also cover anaplasma phagocytophilum

also carried by the ixodes tick

Question 25

When is IV ceftriaxone called for in Lyme dx?

Answer 25

heart block
lyme meningitis
early serious manifestations

Question 26

Benztropine used for what in psych?

Answer 26

anticholinergic

used to prevent EPS with antipsychotics

Question 27

Clozapine is used to treat what? Side effects?

Answer 27

schizophrenia

risk of agranulocytosis

Question 28

ADHD med?

Answer 28

methylphenidate

Question 29

What are the medications used for Tourette’s?

Answer 29

2nd gen antipsychotics-risperidone

FDA approved: haloperidol, pimozide

Question 30

What are the 2 common bugs that cause viral myocarditis?

Answer 30

coxsackie B virus

adenovirus