UWORLD LESSONS Flashcards
What are the main features of Fanconi’s anemia?
growth restriction, microcephaly pancytopenia (aplastic anemia) weird thumbs macrocytic anemia hypo or hyperpigmented spots strabismus low set ears chronic ear infections or deafness aut recessive or X-linked-chromosomal breaks
what are some acquired causes of aplastic anemia?
NSAIDs, sulfonamides benzene, toxic chemicals viral infections (HIV, EBV) immune disorders thymoma
What would a thymic tumor do to a CBC?
you would see red cell aplasia
but no decrease in other cell lines
What is the most common cause of Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease? when does it usu resolve?
coxsackie virus
resolves in 2-3 days.
What are the features of scarlet fever?
fever strawberry tongue rash: sandpaper SPARING palms and soles cervical LAD exudative pharyngitis
What are the features of staph scalded skin syndrome?
fever, irritability, rash
flaccid blisters 1-2d in flexural areas
pos. Nikolsky’s sign
What are the features of Kawasaki’s disease?
vasculitis fever>5d nonexudative conjunctivitis extremities: erythema, edema, desquamation cervical LAD oral mucosal changes polymorphous rash.
What is the most common type of brain tumor in kids?
astrocytomas
Where is a medulloblastoma located in kids?
vermis
always found in the posterior fossa
What are the symptoms of a pinealoma?
endocrine symptoms
intracranial HTN
parinaud’s: paralysis of vertical gaze
Collier’s: retraction of eyelid
What is the histo look of a craniopharyngioma?
cystic structure with calcifications
What is this? unilateral subacute hip pain progressive antalgic gait thigh muscle atrophy decreased hip ROM
see collapse of ipsi femoral head
Legg Calve Perthes disease
idiopathic avascular necrosis
What is this?
pruritis
scaly erythematous lesions
face, chest, extensor surfaces
atopic dermatitis
What is this?
well-demarcated erythematous plaques with silvery scales on scalp, neck, extensor surfaces
psoriasis
not common in children
What is erythroderma?
exfoliative dermatitis
scaling >90% of the body
bright red patches coalesce and peel
What’s the deal with Kallmann’s syndrome?
X-linked recessive
no migration of GnRH or olfactory neurons
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism & anosmia
low FSH/LH
karyotype supports phenotype, tho.
Which organism predominates in children with CF? Adults with CF? Antibiotics to address these?
children with CF: staph aureus (MRSA)-need IV vancomycin
adults: pseudomonas-need amikacin, ceftazidime, cipro
How do you describe clubfoot? What is its fancy name?
talipes equinovarus
equinus and varus of calcaneum and talus
varus midfoot
adduction forefoot
treat with stretching and manipulation of foot with serial plaster casts, malleable splints, or taping
treat immediately
What are the important features of Friedrich’s Ataxia?
autosomal recessive trinucleotide repeats tocopherol transfer protein cardiomyopathy--like lots of heart stuff wide based gait, decreased reflexes progressive, wheelchair by 25, death by 35
What happens to hydroceles seen in newborns?
disappear by 12 mo
if they don’t worry about an inguinal hernia
What are the possible medications used for Lyme dx?
doxycycline
cefuroxime
amoxicillin
Which Lyme dx medication should be used for children
amoxicillin or cefuroxime
What can doxycycline do to pediatric patients or pregnant women?
enamel hypoplasia-permanent stains
it can slow bone growth
What is the advantage of doxycycline to treat Lyme dx?
it can also cover anaplasma phagocytophilum
also carried by the ixodes tick
When is IV ceftriaxone called for in Lyme dx?
heart block
lyme meningitis
early serious manifestations
Benztropine used for what in psych?
anticholinergic
used to prevent EPS with antipsychotics
Clozapine is used to treat what? Side effects?
schizophrenia
risk of agranulocytosis
ADHD med?
methylphenidate
What are the medications used for Tourette’s?
2nd gen antipsychotics-risperidone
FDA approved: haloperidol, pimozide
What are the 2 common bugs that cause viral myocarditis?
coxsackie B virus
adenovirus
