Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PEDS > Infectious Disease-Notes > Flashcards

Infectious Disease-Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What are some clinical features of irritable bowel syndrome?

A

pain relieved by BM
onset of pain related to change in frequency of stool and/or character of stool
noticeable abdominal bloating
sensation of incomplete evacuation or diarrhea with mucus in it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a workup for suspected infectious diarrhea, bloody diarrhea?

A

ELISA tests for Rotavirus, C diff, Salmonella
Look for ova/parasites in the stool. helpful for giardia, entamoeba histolytica, ancylostoma duodenale. must do 3 samples.
sometimes…a colonoscopy. Ex: Cdiff would show pseudomembranous colitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the usual treatment for infectious diarrhea?

A

regular diet

oral rehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Infant pt is febrile. You find that stool is positive for salmonella. Do you do LP, blood cultures?

A

Yes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some causes of infectious diarrhea to look out for in HIV patients?

A

cryptosporidium parvum
CMV
MAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some important features of cryptosporidium parvum diarrhea in HIV patients?

A

protozoa
chronic watery diarrhea
acid fast cysts
happens when CD4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some important features of CMV colitis in HIV patients?

A

chronic bloody diarrhea

giant cells with owl’s eye inclusion bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some important features of MAC colitis in HIV patients?

A

chronic watery diarrhea

CD4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
Which antibiotics do you use to treat the following:
C diff
salmonella
EPEC
Entamoeba histolytica
A

C diff: metro/vanco
salmonella: cipro
EPEC: cipro
entamoeba histolytica: metro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
Which antibiotics do you use to treat the following:
shigella
EIEC
Vibrio Cholera
Giardiasis
Cryptosporidium
A 
shigella: cipro
EIEC: cipro
cholera: tetracycline, azithromycin
giardiasis: metro
cryptosporidium: nitazoxanide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fever and bloody diarrhea could be caused by what?

A 
shigella
Salmonella
campylobacter
EHEC
E. histolytica
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some important features of fever & bloody diarrhea caused by E. histolytica?

A

can mimic IBD, but will worsen with steroids
can cause a liver abscess
peripheral eosinophilia
charcot-leyden crystals in stool (from eosinophils)
treat with metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some causes of diarrhea that consist of no fever, no blood?

A 
norovirus
rotavirus
ETEC (will ONLY see diarrhea as a symptom)
EPEC (in infants)
Cholera
vibrio parahemolyticus (oysters)
giardia
cryptosporidium parvum
clostridium perfringens
bacillus cereus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some important things to know about giardia diarrhea?

A

fatty, smelly diarrhea
onset is 1-2 weeks later
use proper sewage
treat with metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If you have diarrhea + N/V…what do you have?

A

viral gastroenteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s the deal with tropic sprue?

A

chronic fatty diarrhea
blunting of villi with infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils
malabsorption, VB12/folate deficiency
can present years after a person was in the tropics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s the deal with trichinella?

A

present in undercooked pork
get watery diarrhea
treat with albendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides can present how? What is the treatment?

A

post-prandial abdominal pain or vomiting
can even cause pancreatic duct or bile duct obstruction if there is a heavy enough burden
tx: albendazole, pyrantel pamoate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ancylostoma Duodenale?

A

cough, anemia, malabsorption, weight loss, eosinophilia

tx: mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Treatment for enterobius vermicularis?

A

mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some non-inflammatory food poisonings?

A

S. aureus (intense vomiting 24 hours)
B. cereus (vomiting and diarrhea), from bad rice
C. perfringens, profuse diarrhea, rewarmed meat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Inflammatory food poisoning?

A

C. jejuni. undercooked chicken. superficial ulcers in colon
EHEC: undercooked hamburgers. look at mackonkey agar. worry about HUS.
Y. enterocolitica. RLQ pain, mimics appendicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What causes ascending paralysis? Descending paralysis?

A

Ascending paralysis: Guillan Barre

Descending paralysis: Botulism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Features of HUS?

A 
diarrhea illness
GI bleeding
purpura and HTN
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
schistocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are some important things to know about salmonella typhi?

A

gallbladder is the reservoir, can cause necrotizing cholecystitis
red spots on belly
high fevers.
treat with cipro, ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are some things to know about shigella dysenteriae?

A

severe bloody diarrhea, seen in children in developing countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What’s the deal with necrotizing enterocolitis?

A 
premature infants w/ reduced intestinal perfusion
translocation of bacteria and gas into the bowel wall
feeding intolerance (bilious emesis)
abdominal distention
decreased BS
sepsis (low platelet count)
hematochezia
metabolic acidosis

w/u:
serial abdominal radiographs. see pneumatosis intestinalis
NG tube to suction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the treatment for necrotizing enterocolitis? Possible complications?

A

Tx: bowel rest
vanco, gent, metro
IVF
NG tube suction

surgery if: abdominal wall erythmea, air in portal vein, intestinal pneumatosis, pneumoperitoneum

complications: septic shock, strictures, short bowel syndrome, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is pneumatosis coli?

A

NEC isolated to the colon
can happen after midgut volvulus, or malrotation
possible intestinal perforation

30
Q

What is the organism seen in cat bites? treatment?

A

pasteurella multiocida

amoxicillin-clavulonate X5d (also covers anaerobes)

31
Q

Causes sepsis in preterm infants?

A

enterococcus

32
Q

Sepsis in infants under 2 mo?

A

Group B strep
E Coli
Listeria

tx: amp and gent
OR amp and cefotaxime
amp needed for listeria

33
Q

Sepsis in infants over 2 mo?

A

strep pneumo
N. meningitidis
ceftriaxone and vancomycin

34
Q

CSF findings?
Tuberculosis meningitis
Viral meningitis
Guillain Barre

A

Tuberculosis: glucose 250
Viral: High WBCs,

35
Q

What is brudzinski and kernig?

A

brudzinski: flex the neck–>flex the legs
kernig: flex the thigh–>can’t extend the leg

36
Q 
Organisms that cause bacterial meningitis in these age groups?
Neonates
Infants
Adults
Elderly?
A

Neonates: GEL
Infants and adults: S. pneumo, neisseria meningitidis, h. influenza
elderly: s. pneumo, n. meningitidis, listeria

37
Q

When do you need a CT in a bacterial meningitis workup in kiddos?

A

usu don’t need b/c open anterior fontanel can accomodate increased ICP
unstable neuro signs antibiotics, CT, LP
focal neuro: CT
stable neuro: LP then antibiotics

38
Q

Once you have diagnosed meningococcemia…what do you treat it with?

A

Penicillin G

39
Q

How do you treat N. meningitis?

A

ceftriaxone or rifampin

close contact: ceftriaxone, cipro, rifampin

40
Q

Aseptic meningitis?

A

enteroviruses: coxsackie, echo
HSV-1
mumps

41
Q

What is the presentation of encephalitis?

A 
AMS
seizures
paralysis
HA
photophobia
nuchal rigidity
increased ICP

HSV–focal neuro deficits, odd behavior (hypersexuality, hypomania, amnesia)

abnormal EEG

42
Q

What are the causes for encephalitis?

A

HSV2 (neonates)
HSV1 (children)
arboviruses St. louis, eastern equine, western equine, west nile
enteroviruses (coxsackie, echo)
toxoplasmosis and a bunch of other things.

43
Q

What is the workup and treatment for encephalitis?

A

CSF, PCR HSV, CMV, EBV, VZV
EEG
tx: acyclovir for encephalitis
anticonvulsants if seizures are present

44
Q

What are the important features of gonococcal conjunctivitis?

A

occurs at 3-5 days of life
bilateral purulent conjunctivitis
can cause corneal ulceration
Tx: topic erythromycin

45
Q

What are the important features of chlamydia conjunctivitis?

A

1-2 weeks of life
red conjunctiva, mucoid discharge, lid swelling
tx: oral erythromycin

can get chlamydial pneumonia from this.

46
Q

What is important to know about otitis media?

A 
S. pneumo
H. influenza
M. Catarrhalis
other: s. pyogenes, p. aeruginosa, mycobacterium
treat with amoxicillin
47
Q

Chronic suppurative otitis media?

A

S. aureus, pseudomonas, E coli

48
Q

What is keratinized squamous epithelium on the TM from chronic middle ear disease?

A

choleastoma

49
Q

otitis externa?

A

pseudomonas
E. Coli
S. aureus

Tx: Burrow’s solution, 2% Acetic Acid, cipro ear drops

50
Q

Mastoiditis?

A

s. pneumo or HIB
post auricular pain and AOM
pinna pushed lateral and down

51
Q

Sinusitis?

A

most common: ethmoid sinus
>18 mo: could be maxillary
>6yo: could be frontal or sphenoidal

see 10-14d nasal discharge

S. pneumo, non-typeable HI, moraxella.
CT, transillumination
high dose amoxicillin

52
Q

What is a juvenile angiofibroma?

A

nasal obstruction (1 side of nose always congested)
epistaxis
erosion thru the septum
Tx: surgery

53
Q

What’s the deal with herpangina?

A

fever, sore throat, pain with swallowing, fever, HA
1-2mm vesicles and ulcers with red ring in back pharynx, gray lesions

caused by coxsackievirus, echovirus.
seasonal presentation.

54
Q

If pt is resistant to nystatin mouthwash for candida…what is a good alternative?

A

clomitrazole

55
Q

Cervical adenitis?

A

causes: viral URI, bilateral enlarged nodes
bacterial: unilateral, staph & strep, bartonella (with maculopapular rash), atypical myco

tx:
bartonella, cat scratch, use TMP-SMX
clindamycin
periodontal dx: amoxicillin
excision/biopsy for w/u if >3cm fluctuant node.
56
Q

Reye syndrome?

A

ASA in kiddos with influenza or varicella infections
microvesicular fatty infiltration & hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction
acute liver failure, encephalopathy
high Transaminases, PR, INR, PTT, Ammonia

57
Q

Common cold v. flu?

A

Common cold: itchy, watery eyes, productive cough, gradual onset of symptoms.
Flu: dry cough, fever, fatigue, HA, myalgias, sudden onset

58
Q

Fancy name for measles?

Rubella affects what?

A

measles=rubeola

rubella targets retroauricular, posterior cervical and occipital lymph nodes

59
Q

Roseola?

A

Fever first, then rash

like Rose is super optimistic, when God takes away a fever, he gives you a rash.

60
Q

Fifth disease?

A

parvovirus B19, creates erythema infectiosum

slapped cheek

61
Q

What type of vaccine protects you from mumps? Possible complications?

A

parotitis is seen
LAV protects you.
can get meningitis within 10 days of onset
can get orchitis in rare cases with males.

62
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

maculopapular rash that begins in the flexor surfaces, usu involves the palms and soles
hyponatremia and thrombocytopenia may be seen
give doxycycline

63
Q

ITP?

A

thrombocytopenia, triggered by virus, otherwise healthy

64
Q

T/F Cryptosporidium is only seen in HIV + patients? Treatment?

A

False. oddly enough also seen in daycare centers.

Give nitazoxanide

65
Q

What are some clues that you have a viral cause of pharyngitis? Bacterial?

A

Viral: hoarseness, abdominal pain, diarrhea
bacterial: localized, high grade fever

66
Q

What are some bacterial causes of pharyngitis?

A
  1. strep pyogenes
  2. C. diphtheria
  3. candida, mycoplasma, n. gonorrhea
67
Q

Presentation of strep throat?

A

pharyngeal erythema, swelling, tonsillar exudates, edematous uvula, palatine petechiae, anterior cervical LAD, strawberry tongue

68
Q

Complications of strep throat?

A
  1. Acute Rheumatic Fever:
    after strep pharyngitis
    Jones criteria + ASO
    need penicillin for at least 5 years after that.
  2. Post-strep glomerulonephritis:
    Type 3 hypersensitivity, immune complex deposition
    decreased C3/C4
    hypercellular glomeruli, granular deposits, humps
69
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae pharyngitis?

A

gram positive, club shaped
grey film (made by ADP-ribosylation of mucosal cells), bleeding if you try to pull it off
bull neck: massive LAD
Treatment: Antiserum to toxin, vaccine, erythromycin, clindamycin

70
Q

Bordatella Pertussis?

A

macrolides to pt and family.

respiratory isolation within the first 5 days.

71
Q

Retropharyngeal abscess?

A

muffled voice, stridor, refusing to turn head to one side

I&D, ceftriaxone, ampicillin.

72
Q

Peritonsilar abscess?

A

post strep, uvula deviation

I&D, ampicillin

PEDS (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions