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PEDS > Nephrology-Notes > Flashcards

Nephrology-Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of nephrotic syndromes?

A 
membranous nephropathy
minimal change disease
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
diabetic nephropathy
amyloidosis
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2
Q

What are some examples of nephritic syndromes?

A 
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
post strep glomerulonephritis
RPGN
IgA nephropathy
Alport syndrome
thin BM disease
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3
Q

What are the features of membranous nephropathy?

A

nephrotic
granular immune complex deposition
diffuse capillary thickening
spike and dome (subepithelial immune complex deposits)

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4
Q

What are important features of minimal change disease?

A

nephrotic
good steroid response
cytokine damages podocytes

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5
Q

What are the features of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?

A

segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis

nephrotic

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6
Q

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis?

A 
immune complex deposition
subendothelial humps
increased GBM and mesangial matrix
tram tracks
decreased complements
due to HBV, HCV, cryoglobulinemia
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7
Q

Diabetic nephropathy?

A

nephrotic
massive mesangial proliferation
gbm thickening
kimmelstein-wilson nodules

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8
Q

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis?

A

nephritic
anti-dsDNA deposits in mesangium and subepithelium
wire loop appearance, dense BM
lupus

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9
Q

Post strep glomerulonephritis?

A 
nephritic
subepithelial humps
coarsy granular deposits of C3
hypercellular glomeruli
granular pattern of immune complex deposition
\+ASO
decreased C3
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10
Q

RPGN?

A

nephritic
crescent formation in glomerulus
fibrin in the crescents

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11
Q

Goodpasture’s?

A

RPGN Type I

linear immune complexes

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12
Q

HSP?

A

purpura on back of arms and legs
abdominal pain
RPGNII

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13
Q

Wegener’s?

A

necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis
involves the nasopharynx, lungs, kidney
c-ANCA (PR3ANCA)

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14
Q

Microscopic polyangitiis?

A

no nasopharynx involving
just lung and kidney
p-ANCA

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15
Q

IgA Nephropathy?

A

aka Berger’s
dark dense deposits IgA in mesangium
associated with URIs

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16
Q

Alport syndrome?

A

type 4 collagen defect
BM splits
nephritis, deafness, cataracts
can’t see, pee, hear high C

17
Q

Thin BM disease?

A

benign familial hematuria

18
Q

Painless hematuria? that is gross, visible

A

cancer of the kidney or bladder

19
Q

When do you see low complement levels?

A

postinfectious GN
lupus nephritis
MPGN
mixed cryoglobulinemia (associated with Hep C)

20
Q

Symptoms associated with nephrotic syndrome?

A

massive proteinuria>3.5g/d

hypoalbuminemia (

21
Q

Symptoms associated with nephritic syndromes?

A

not a lot of proteinuria

22
Q

What is the usual cause of nephrotic syndromes in children and adults?

A

children-primary kidney lesion

adults-systemic disease, diabetes, lupus etc.

23
Q

What is the workup for nephrotic syndrome?

A

UA with micro
24 hour protein
HbA1c, ANA/ds-DNA, C3/C4, Hep panel
renal biopsy

24
Q

Wilm’s tumor, nephroblastoma?

A

neoplastic embryonal renal cells

25
Q

What are some associated factors with wilm’s tumor?

A 
WAGR: 
wilm's
aniridia
GU abnormalities
Retardation

Beckwith-Wiedemann
macrosomia, macroglossia
omphalocele, umbilical hernia
neonatal hypoglycemia
hemihyperplasia (R side larger than left)
Wilm’s tumor, hepatoblastoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma

26
Q

What is the surveillance for beckwith wiedemann syndrome?

A

serum AFP
abdominal u/s
renal u/s

27
Q

What is the workup for Wilm’s tumor?

A

abdominal u/s
CT scan
CXR (for mets)
treat with surgery, chemo, radiation

28
Q

Features of neuroblastoma?

A

2nd most common solid tumor

infant tumor

29
Q

What are the symptoms of a neuroblastoma in the neck?

A

horner’s syndrome

30
Q

What are the symptoms of a neuroblastoma in the thorax?

A

respiratory distress

abnormal CXR

31
Q

What are the symptoms of a neuroblastoma in the abdomen?

A

mass
abdominal pain
HTN due to compression of the kidneys
infant with RUQ mass and pallor without jaundice

32
Q

Symptoms of VIPoma?

A

watery diarrhea

33
Q

What is the workup for a neuroblastoma?

A 
abdominal us
cbc
urine/serum VMA/HVA
CXR
CT
histo: malignancy of neural crest cells
small round blue cells, uniform with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm (small cell rosettes)

treat with surgery, chemo, radiation

PEDS (14 decks)

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