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Step Rx incorrect answers > uworld 7 > Flashcards

uworld 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the protein kinesin used in?

A

it is a microtubule associated protein that is used in the anterograde transport of intracellular vesicles towards the plus ends. It uses ATP hydrolysis to move along the microtubule. Moves things toward the axon

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2
Q

what are microvilli made of?

A

actin thin filaments.

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3
Q

high AFP and acetylcholinesterase

A

neural tube defect

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4
Q

How is physostigmine different from neostigmine and edrophonium?

A

It is a tertiary amine, so it can cross the blood brain barrier. So it can be used to reverse atropine toxicity.

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5
Q

What does atropine do?

A

muscrinic blocker. the “hot as a hare thing…”
dry flushed skin, hyperthermia (atropine fever), mydriasis and cycloplegia, bronchodilation, tachycardia, constipation, and urinary retention.

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6
Q

What does physostigmine do?

A

inhibits acetylcholinesterase both peripherally and centrally.

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7
Q

gram + bacteria that is catalase negative. grows in 6.5% NaCl

A

enterococci

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8
Q

what does enterococci cause? (and caused by..?)

A

infection after GU procedures, UTI, wound infection. may cause endocarditis, UTI, biliary tree infection

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9
Q

sodium cyanide nitroprusside test + and staghorn calculi

A

you have cystinuria?

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10
Q

sumatriptan

A

5-HT 1b/1d agonist! inhibits trigeminal activation. prevents vasoactive peptide release. –> vasoconstriction. (so don’t use it in coronary artery disease, esp. prinzmetal angina)

used for acute migraine, and cluster headache

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11
Q

migraine prophylaxis.

A

beta blockers. antidepressants (amitriptyline, venlafaxine) and anticonvulsants (valproate and topiramate)

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12
Q

where are the cells that make renin?

A

JG cells. in the afferent arteriole

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13
Q

what can happen if you give too much nitroprusside?

A

cyanide toxicity!

tx: 1. direct binding of cyanide- hydroxocobalamin
2. induction of methmoglobinemia (sodium nitrite)
3. use detxifying sulfar donors (sodium thiosulfate)

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14
Q

argatroban

A

direct thrombin inhibitor. alternative to heparin in HIT

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15
Q

bivalirudin

A

direct thrombin inhibitor. alternative to heparin in HIT

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16
Q

dabigatran

A

direct thrombi inhibitor. alternative to heparin in HIT

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17
Q

apixaban

A

direct factor 10a inhibitor. prophylaxis in pts with atrial fib. incr PT, and PTT, no change in TT.

no monitoring, but no reversal

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18
Q

rivaroxaban

A

direct factor 10a inhibitor. tx and prophylaxis in pts with DVT and PE.

no monitoring but no reversal

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19
Q

streptokinase

A

thrombolytic (like tPA)

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20
Q

tenecteplase

A

thrombolytic (like tPA)

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21
Q

OD tPA?

A

give aminocaproic acid.

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22
Q

clopidogrel

A

ADP receptor inhibitor. irreversible. blocks expression of GP2b/3a

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23
Q

pasugrel

A

ADP receptor inhibitor. irreversible. blocks expression of GP2b/3a

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24
Q

ticagrelor

A

ADP receptor inhibitor. THIS ONE IS REVERSIBLE. blocks expression of GP2b/3a

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25
Q

ticlopidine

A

ADP receptor inhibitor. irreversible. blocks expression of GP2b/3a

may see neutropenia in this one!

26
Q

cilostazol

A

phosphodiesterase III inhibitor. ==> incr cAMP ==> inhibition of platelet aggregation and vasodilator.

given in vlaudication, TIA prevention, anina prophylaxis

27
Q

dipyridamole

A

phosphodiesterase III inhibitor. ==> incr cAMP ==> inhibition of platelet aggregation and vasodilator.

given in vlaudication, TIA prevention, anina prophylaxis

28
Q

abciximab

A

bind to GP2b/3a and prevents aggregation.

29
Q

eptifibatide

A

bind to GP2b/3a and prevents aggregation.

30
Q

tirofiban

A

bind to GP2b/3a and prevents aggregation.

31
Q

chlorpropamide

A

first gen sulfonylurea. closes K+channel in B cell membrane. and depolarizes it. Ca++ comes in and insulin is released.

disulfiram like effects
risk of hypoglycemia is higher in renal failure

32
Q

Tolbutamide

A

first gen sulfonylurea. closes K+channel in B cell membrane. and depolarizes it. Ca++ comes in and insulin is released.

disulfiram like effects
risk of hypoglycemia is higher in renal failure

33
Q

Glimepiride

A

second gen sulfonylurea. closes K+channel in B cell membrane. and depolarizes it. Ca++ comes in and insulin is released.

risk of hypoglycemia is higher in renal failure

34
Q

Glipizide

A

second gen sulfonylurea. closes K+channel in B cell membrane. and depolarizes it. Ca++ comes in and insulin is released.

risk of hypoglycemia is higher in renal failure

35
Q

Glyburide

A

second gen sulfonylurea. closes K+channel in B cell membrane. and depolarizes it. Ca++ comes in and insulin is released.

risk of hypoglycemia is higher in renal failure

36
Q

Pioglitazone

A

glitazone. increases insulin sensitivity i peripheral tissues. binds to PPAR-gamma. increases adiponectin.
wt. gain, edema, hepatotox, HF, incr risk for fractures

37
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

glitazone. increases insulin sensitivity i peripheral tissues. binds to PPAR-gamma. increases adiponectin.
wt. gain, edema, hepatotox, HF, incr risk for fractures

38
Q

Exenatide

A

GLP-1 analog. induce G protein–> adenyl cyclase…eventually stim insulin release, and decr glucagon release. subq injection

nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis!!!!

39
Q

Liraglutide

A

GLP-1 analog. induce G protein–> adenyl cyclase…eventually stim insulin release, and decr glucagon release. subq injection

nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis!!!!

40
Q

Linagliptin

A

DDP-4 inhibitor. for type 2 Dm. incr insulin, decr glucagon. cause mild urinary and respiratory infectiosn

41
Q

saxagliptin

A

DDP-4 inhibitor. for type 2 Dm. incr insulin, decr glucagon. cause mild urinary and respiratory infectiosn

42
Q

Sitagliptin

A

DDP-4 inhibitor. for type 2 Dm. incr insulin, decr glucagon. cause mild urinary and respiratory infectiosn

43
Q

Pramlintide

A

amylin analog. decr. gastric emptying and decr. glucagon for type 1 and 2 DM. may cause diarrhea, nausea, hypoglycemia

44
Q

Canagliflozin

A

SGLT-2 inhibitor. blocks the reabsorption of glucose in the PCT. type 2 DM.

cause glucosuria, UTIs, vaginal yeast infections

45
Q

Acarbose

A

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. inhibit intestinal brush border a-glucosidase. delayed carb. hydrolysis and glucose absorption. (specifically to decrease post prandial hyperglycemia)

tox: GI problems. don’t give to IBD, malabsorption problems, intestinal obstruction, colonic ulcerations

46
Q

Miglitol

A

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. inhibit intestinal brush border a-glucosidase. delayed carb. hydrolysis and glucose absorption. (specifically to decrease post prandial hyperglycemia)

tox: GI problems. don’t give to IBD, malabsorption problems, intestinal obstruction, colonic ulcerations

47
Q

MEN 1 what gene, what chromosome?

A

Menin gene. chrom 11

48
Q

apixaban

A

Direct factor 10a inhibitor

49
Q

rivaroxaban

A

direct factor 10a inhibitor

50
Q

alteplase

A

aka tPA thrombolytic

51
Q

reteplase

A

rPA…like tPA. a thrombolytic

52
Q

streptokinase

A

thrombolytic. like tPA

53
Q

tenectelase

A

thrombolytic like tPA. aka TNK-tPA

54
Q

clopidogrel

A

ADP receptor inhibitor

55
Q

prasugrel

A

ADP receptor inhibitor

56
Q

ticagrelor

A

reversible ADP receptor inhibitor

57
Q

ticlopidine

A

ADP receptor inhibitor

58
Q

cilostazol

A

PDE 3 inhibitor

59
Q

dipyridamole

A

PDE 3 inhibitor

60
Q

Abciximab

A

GP 2b/3a inhibitor

61
Q

eptifibatde

A

GP 2b/3a inhibitor

62
Q

tirofiban

A

GP 2b/3a inhibitor

Step Rx incorrect answers (10 decks)

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