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uworld 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the protein kinesin used in?

A

it is a microtubule associated protein that is used in the anterograde transport of intracellular vesicles towards the plus ends. It uses ATP hydrolysis to move along the microtubule. Moves things toward the axon

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2
Q

what are microvilli made of?

A

actin thin filaments.

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3
Q

high AFP and acetylcholinesterase

A

neural tube defect

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4
Q

How is physostigmine different from neostigmine and edrophonium?

A

It is a tertiary amine, so it can cross the blood brain barrier. So it can be used to reverse atropine toxicity.

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5
Q

What does atropine do?

A

muscrinic blocker. the “hot as a hare thing…”
dry flushed skin, hyperthermia (atropine fever), mydriasis and cycloplegia, bronchodilation, tachycardia, constipation, and urinary retention.

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6
Q

What does physostigmine do?

A

inhibits acetylcholinesterase both peripherally and centrally.

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7
Q

gram + bacteria that is catalase negative. grows in 6.5% NaCl

A

enterococci

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8
Q

what does enterococci cause? (and caused by..?)

A

infection after GU procedures, UTI, wound infection. may cause endocarditis, UTI, biliary tree infection

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9
Q

sodium cyanide nitroprusside test + and staghorn calculi

A

you have cystinuria?

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10
Q

sumatriptan

A

5-HT 1b/1d agonist! inhibits trigeminal activation. prevents vasoactive peptide release. –> vasoconstriction. (so don’t use it in coronary artery disease, esp. prinzmetal angina)

used for acute migraine, and cluster headache

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11
Q

migraine prophylaxis.

A

beta blockers. antidepressants (amitriptyline, venlafaxine) and anticonvulsants (valproate and topiramate)

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12
Q

where are the cells that make renin?

A

JG cells. in the afferent arteriole

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13
Q

what can happen if you give too much nitroprusside?

A

cyanide toxicity!

tx: 1. direct binding of cyanide- hydroxocobalamin
2. induction of methmoglobinemia (sodium nitrite)
3. use detxifying sulfar donors (sodium thiosulfate)

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14
Q

argatroban

A

direct thrombin inhibitor. alternative to heparin in HIT

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15
Q

bivalirudin

A

direct thrombin inhibitor. alternative to heparin in HIT

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16
Q

dabigatran

A

direct thrombi inhibitor. alternative to heparin in HIT

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17
Q

apixaban

A

direct factor 10a inhibitor. prophylaxis in pts with atrial fib. incr PT, and PTT, no change in TT.

no monitoring, but no reversal

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18
Q

rivaroxaban

A

direct factor 10a inhibitor. tx and prophylaxis in pts with DVT and PE.

no monitoring but no reversal

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19
Q

streptokinase

A

thrombolytic (like tPA)

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20
Q

tenecteplase

A

thrombolytic (like tPA)

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21
Q

OD tPA?

A

give aminocaproic acid.

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22
Q

clopidogrel

A

ADP receptor inhibitor. irreversible. blocks expression of GP2b/3a

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23
Q

pasugrel

A

ADP receptor inhibitor. irreversible. blocks expression of GP2b/3a

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24
Q

ticagrelor

A

ADP receptor inhibitor. THIS ONE IS REVERSIBLE. blocks expression of GP2b/3a

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25
ticlopidine
ADP receptor inhibitor. irreversible. blocks expression of GP2b/3a may see neutropenia in this one!
26
cilostazol
phosphodiesterase III inhibitor. ==> incr cAMP ==> inhibition of platelet aggregation and vasodilator. given in vlaudication, TIA prevention, anina prophylaxis
27
dipyridamole
phosphodiesterase III inhibitor. ==> incr cAMP ==> inhibition of platelet aggregation and vasodilator. given in vlaudication, TIA prevention, anina prophylaxis
28
abciximab
bind to GP2b/3a and prevents aggregation.
29
eptifibatide
bind to GP2b/3a and prevents aggregation.
30
tirofiban
bind to GP2b/3a and prevents aggregation.
31
chlorpropamide
first gen sulfonylurea. closes K+channel in B cell membrane. and depolarizes it. Ca++ comes in and insulin is released. disulfiram like effects risk of hypoglycemia is higher in renal failure
32
Tolbutamide
first gen sulfonylurea. closes K+channel in B cell membrane. and depolarizes it. Ca++ comes in and insulin is released. disulfiram like effects risk of hypoglycemia is higher in renal failure
33
Glimepiride
second gen sulfonylurea. closes K+channel in B cell membrane. and depolarizes it. Ca++ comes in and insulin is released. risk of hypoglycemia is higher in renal failure
34
Glipizide
second gen sulfonylurea. closes K+channel in B cell membrane. and depolarizes it. Ca++ comes in and insulin is released. risk of hypoglycemia is higher in renal failure
35
Glyburide
second gen sulfonylurea. closes K+channel in B cell membrane. and depolarizes it. Ca++ comes in and insulin is released. risk of hypoglycemia is higher in renal failure
36
Pioglitazone
glitazone. increases insulin sensitivity i peripheral tissues. binds to PPAR-gamma. increases adiponectin. wt. gain, edema, hepatotox, HF, incr risk for fractures
37
Rosiglitazone
glitazone. increases insulin sensitivity i peripheral tissues. binds to PPAR-gamma. increases adiponectin. wt. gain, edema, hepatotox, HF, incr risk for fractures
38
Exenatide
GLP-1 analog. induce G protein--> adenyl cyclase...eventually stim insulin release, and decr glucagon release. subq injection nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis!!!!
39
Liraglutide
GLP-1 analog. induce G protein--> adenyl cyclase...eventually stim insulin release, and decr glucagon release. subq injection nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis!!!!
40
Linagliptin
DDP-4 inhibitor. for type 2 Dm. incr insulin, decr glucagon. cause mild urinary and respiratory infectiosn
41
saxagliptin
DDP-4 inhibitor. for type 2 Dm. incr insulin, decr glucagon. cause mild urinary and respiratory infectiosn
42
Sitagliptin
DDP-4 inhibitor. for type 2 Dm. incr insulin, decr glucagon. cause mild urinary and respiratory infectiosn
43
Pramlintide
amylin analog. decr. gastric emptying and decr. glucagon for type 1 and 2 DM. may cause diarrhea, nausea, hypoglycemia
44
Canagliflozin
SGLT-2 inhibitor. blocks the reabsorption of glucose in the PCT. type 2 DM. cause glucosuria, UTIs, vaginal yeast infections
45
Acarbose
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. inhibit intestinal brush border a-glucosidase. delayed carb. hydrolysis and glucose absorption. (specifically to decrease post prandial hyperglycemia) tox: GI problems. don't give to IBD, malabsorption problems, intestinal obstruction, colonic ulcerations
46
Miglitol
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. inhibit intestinal brush border a-glucosidase. delayed carb. hydrolysis and glucose absorption. (specifically to decrease post prandial hyperglycemia) tox: GI problems. don't give to IBD, malabsorption problems, intestinal obstruction, colonic ulcerations
47
MEN 1 what gene, what chromosome?
Menin gene. chrom 11
48
apixaban
Direct factor 10a inhibitor
49
rivaroxaban
direct factor 10a inhibitor
50
alteplase
aka tPA thrombolytic
51
reteplase
rPA...like tPA. a thrombolytic
52
streptokinase
thrombolytic. like tPA
53
tenectelase
thrombolytic like tPA. aka TNK-tPA
54
clopidogrel
ADP receptor inhibitor
55
prasugrel
ADP receptor inhibitor
56
ticagrelor
reversible ADP receptor inhibitor
57
ticlopidine
ADP receptor inhibitor
58
cilostazol
PDE 3 inhibitor
59
dipyridamole
PDE 3 inhibitor
60
Abciximab
GP 2b/3a inhibitor
61
eptifibatde
GP 2b/3a inhibitor
62
tirofiban
GP 2b/3a inhibitor

Step Rx incorrect answers (10 decks)

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