Endo 1 Flashcards
Person has poorly controlled DM with glyburide and an antihypertensive drug. He does not feel hypoglycemic symptoms…what antihypertensive drug is he taking?
non-selective beta blockers like propranolol can mask hypoglycemia. (the symp response). this is a mainly beta 2 mediated effect as noncardiac B2 receptors are the trigger for catecholamine induced glycogenolysis
Person has poorly controlled DM with glyburide and an antihypertensive drug. He does not feel hypoglycemic symptoms…what antihypertensive drug is he taking?
non-selective beta blockers like propranolol can mask hypoglycemia. (the symp response). this is a mainly beta 2 mediated effect as noncardiac B2 receptors are the trigger for catecholamine induced glycogenolysis
what drug class: -pril?
ace inhibitors!
ACE inhibitor side effects
cough, hypotension, edema, dizziness and syncope
pheo is made of what cells?
chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
MEN IIa
pheo, medullary CA of the thyroid, and hyperparathyroidism (from hyperplasia or a tumor)
MEN IIb
pheo, medullary CA of the thyroid, mucocutaneous neuromas or ganglioneuromas
what is the gene involved with MEN IIa and b
ret oncogene
gene for MEN 1
menin (tumor surpressor)
MEN 1 cancers
parathyroid, pit tumors (prolactim or GH), pancreatic endocrine tumors! (the diamond!!)
MEN 1 cancers
parathyroid, pit tumors (prolactim or GH), pancreatic endocrine tumors! (the diamond!!)
what does thyroid hormone do in kids…
bone growth and CNS maturation
where is ADH actually made?
supraoptic nucleus
how does exercise reduce DMt2?
long term exercise increases the translocationo f GLUT4 from intracellular stores to the cell surface.so increases glucose uptake, and increases insulin sensitivity
how does exercise reduce DMt2?
long term exercise increases the translocationo f GLUT4 from intracellular stores to the cell surface.so increases glucose uptake, and increases insulin sensitivity
psammoma body is in what kind of thyroid ca?
Papillary! =]
what can psmammoma bodies be found in?
papillary adenoCA of the thyroid. serous papillary cystadenoCA of the ovary, meningiomas, malignant mesotheliomas
what dz is HLA A3?
hemochromatosis
what dz is B27?
psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spodylitis, arthritis of IBD, reactive arthritis
what dz is DQ2/DQ8?
celiac
what dz is DR2?
multiple sclerosis, hayfever, SLE, goodpastures
What dz is DR3?
DM type 1, SLE, graves, hashimoto’s
what dz is DR4?
rheumatoid arthritis, DM type 1
what dz is DR5?
pericious anemia, hashimoto thyroiditis
what dz is DR5?
pernicious anemia, hashimoto thyroiditis
what dz is DR5?
pernicious anemia, hashimoto thyroiditis
how do you treat BPH?
a1 antagonist (terazosin or tamsulosin) / 5a reductase inhibitor (finasteride) ==> can’t make DHT (side effect is stimulates hair growth)
what does flutamide do?
antiandrogen. nonsteroidal competative inhibitor at androgen receptors.
for prostate CA
how does ketoconazole work?
inhibits steroid syntheis. used as antiandrogen
Used in PCOS. side effect: gynecomastia and amenorrhea
how does spironolactone work?
inhibits steroid binding 17a-hydorxylase, and 17, 20- desmolase. same side effects as ketoonazole
what 4 hormones share a beta subunit and so have some crossreactivity?
b-hCG, TSH, LH, and FSH
molar pregnancy triad
hyperemesis, vaginal bleeding, hyperthyroidism
what causes carcinoid syndrome?
oversecretion of serotonin.
diagnosis made by high 5-hydrosyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in urine
how does carcinoid tumor present?
recurrent diarrhea, cutaneous flushing, asthmatic wheezing, right sided valvular dz
where is the carcinoid tumor from?
neuroendocrine cells of the GI tract, usually the ileum.
but no symptoms because the liver metabolizes serotonin…until the liver gets mets =[
what heart problems can carcinoid syndrome cause?
right sided….tricuspid regurg, and pulmonic stenosis
40 year or younger woman presents with secondary amenorrhea. has vasomotor dysfunction, elevated FSH, low estrogen, negative pregnancy test, normal TSH and normal prolactin
premature ovarian failure!! =]
40 year or younger woman presents with secondary amenorrhea. has vasomotor dysfunction, elevated FSH, low estrogen, negative pregnancy test, normal TSH and normal prolactin
premature ovarian failure!! =]
where is estradiol made?
granulosa cells. from testosterone made in theca cells
where is estrone made?
adipocytes. from androstnedione made in adrenal cortex
where is estriol made?
placenta. from teh 16a-OH- DHEAS made in the fetal adrenal cortex
what inheritance pattern are all of the MEN syndromes/
auto dom
