Endo 1

Question 1

Person has poorly controlled DM with glyburide and an antihypertensive drug. He does not feel hypoglycemic symptoms…what antihypertensive drug is he taking?

Answer 1

non-selective beta blockers like propranolol can mask hypoglycemia. (the symp response). this is a mainly beta 2 mediated effect as noncardiac B2 receptors are the trigger for catecholamine induced glycogenolysis

Question 2

Person has poorly controlled DM with glyburide and an antihypertensive drug. He does not feel hypoglycemic symptoms…what antihypertensive drug is he taking?

Answer 2

non-selective beta blockers like propranolol can mask hypoglycemia. (the symp response). this is a mainly beta 2 mediated effect as noncardiac B2 receptors are the trigger for catecholamine induced glycogenolysis

Question 3

what drug class: -pril?

Answer 3

ace inhibitors!

Question 4

ACE inhibitor side effects

Answer 4

cough, hypotension, edema, dizziness and syncope

Question 5

pheo is made of what cells?

Answer 5

chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla

Question 6

MEN IIa

Answer 6

pheo, medullary CA of the thyroid, and hyperparathyroidism (from hyperplasia or a tumor)

Question 7

MEN IIb

Answer 7

pheo, medullary CA of the thyroid, mucocutaneous neuromas or ganglioneuromas

Question 8

what is the gene involved with MEN IIa and b

Answer 8

ret oncogene

Question 9

gene for MEN 1

Answer 9

menin (tumor surpressor)

Question 10

MEN 1 cancers

Answer 10

parathyroid, pit tumors (prolactim or GH), pancreatic endocrine tumors! (the diamond!!)

Question 11

MEN 1 cancers

Answer 11

parathyroid, pit tumors (prolactim or GH), pancreatic endocrine tumors! (the diamond!!)

Question 12

what does thyroid hormone do in kids…

Answer 12

bone growth and CNS maturation

Question 13

where is ADH actually made?

Answer 13

supraoptic nucleus

Question 14

how does exercise reduce DMt2?

Answer 14

long term exercise increases the translocationo f GLUT4 from intracellular stores to the cell surface.so increases glucose uptake, and increases insulin sensitivity

Question 15

how does exercise reduce DMt2?

Answer 15

long term exercise increases the translocationo f GLUT4 from intracellular stores to the cell surface.so increases glucose uptake, and increases insulin sensitivity

Question 16

psammoma body is in what kind of thyroid ca?

Answer 16

Papillary! =]

Question 17

what can psmammoma bodies be found in?

Answer 17

papillary adenoCA of the thyroid. serous papillary cystadenoCA of the ovary, meningiomas, malignant mesotheliomas

Question 18

what dz is HLA A3?

Answer 18

hemochromatosis

Question 19

what dz is B27?

Answer 19

psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spodylitis, arthritis of IBD, reactive arthritis

Question 20

what dz is DQ2/DQ8?

Answer 20

celiac

Question 21

what dz is DR2?

Answer 21

multiple sclerosis, hayfever, SLE, goodpastures

Question 22

What dz is DR3?

Answer 22

DM type 1, SLE, graves, hashimoto’s

Question 23

what dz is DR4?

Answer 23

rheumatoid arthritis, DM type 1

Question 24

what dz is DR5?

Answer 24

pericious anemia, hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 25

what dz is DR5?

Answer 25

pernicious anemia, hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 26

what dz is DR5?

Answer 26

pernicious anemia, hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 27

how do you treat BPH?

Answer 27

a1 antagonist (terazosin or tamsulosin) / 5a reductase inhibitor (finasteride) ==> can’t make DHT (side effect is stimulates hair growth)

Question 28

what does flutamide do?

Answer 28

antiandrogen. nonsteroidal competative inhibitor at androgen receptors.

for prostate CA

Question 29

how does ketoconazole work?

Answer 29

inhibits steroid syntheis. used as antiandrogen

Used in PCOS. side effect: gynecomastia and amenorrhea

Question 30

how does spironolactone work?

Answer 30

inhibits steroid binding 17a-hydorxylase, and 17, 20- desmolase. same side effects as ketoonazole

Question 31

what 4 hormones share a beta subunit and so have some crossreactivity?

Answer 31

b-hCG, TSH, LH, and FSH

Question 32

molar pregnancy triad

Answer 32

hyperemesis, vaginal bleeding, hyperthyroidism

Question 33

what causes carcinoid syndrome?

Answer 33

oversecretion of serotonin.

diagnosis made by high 5-hydrosyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in urine

Question 34

how does carcinoid tumor present?

Answer 34

recurrent diarrhea, cutaneous flushing, asthmatic wheezing, right sided valvular dz

Question 35

where is the carcinoid tumor from?

Answer 35

neuroendocrine cells of the GI tract, usually the ileum.

but no symptoms because the liver metabolizes serotonin…until the liver gets mets =[

Question 36

what heart problems can carcinoid syndrome cause?

Answer 36

right sided….tricuspid regurg, and pulmonic stenosis

Question 37

40 year or younger woman presents with secondary amenorrhea. has vasomotor dysfunction, elevated FSH, low estrogen, negative pregnancy test, normal TSH and normal prolactin

Answer 37

premature ovarian failure!! =]

Question 38

40 year or younger woman presents with secondary amenorrhea. has vasomotor dysfunction, elevated FSH, low estrogen, negative pregnancy test, normal TSH and normal prolactin

Answer 38

premature ovarian failure!! =]

Question 39

where is estradiol made?

Answer 39

granulosa cells. from testosterone made in theca cells

Question 40

where is estrone made?

Answer 40

adipocytes. from androstnedione made in adrenal cortex

Question 41

where is estriol made?

Answer 41

placenta. from teh 16a-OH- DHEAS made in the fetal adrenal cortex

Question 42

what inheritance pattern are all of the MEN syndromes/

Answer 42

auto dom