Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step Rx incorrect answers > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

cholinomimetics (4)

A

Bethanechol, carbachol, methacholine, Pilocarpine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bethanechol? used for?

A

Cholinomimetic. for post op ileus, neurogenic ileus, and urinary retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do you not use cholinomimetics for? (contra?)

A

NOT good for COPD, asthma, gastric ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Carbachol

A

cholinomimetic. contrics pupil and relieves intraocular pressure in glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Methacholine

A

cholinomimetic. used for challenge test for diagnosis of asthma. induces constriction which may cause a vasospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pilocarpine

A

cholinomimetic.
stimulator of sweat tears and saliva. open and closed angle glaucoma. CF sweat test.
contracts ciliary muscle of eye (open angle)
contracts pupillary sphincter (closed angle)
resistant to AChE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Indirect ACh agonists (anticholinesterases)

A 
Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine,
Edrophonium
neostigmine
physostigmine
pyridostigmine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which anticholinesterases cross the BBB? and why?

A

the tertiary amines: donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and physostigmine. Because they don’t have a charge like the quatranary amines do.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine–.> used for what?

A

Alz. dz! increase Ach at the synapse. AChE inhibitors!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Edrophonium

A

AChE inhibitor. SUPER short acting. used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. (but MG is now diagnosed by anti-AChR Ab test). MG patients will get better for like 2 seconds…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neostigmine

A

AChE inhibitor. used for post op and neurogenic ileus, urinary retention (like bethanechol!)
mysthenia gravis, and reversal of NMJ blockade (post op)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

does neostigmine cross the bbb?

A

NO!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Physostigmine

A

AChEinhibitor. used for antocholinergic toxicity. crosses BBB (ATROPINE OVERDOSE!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pyrodostigmine

A

AChE inhibitor! long acting agianst mysthenia gravis. doesn’t penetrate BBB.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do you see with AChe inhibitor poisoning? (and what is it usually due to?)

A

due to organophosphates –> irreversibly bind to AChE
causes: diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, Lacrimation, sweating, salivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the antidote to organophosphate (eg. parathion) poisoning?

A

atropine (competitive inhibitor) pralidoxime (regenerates AChE if given early)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the muscarinic antagonists?

A 
atropine, homatropine, tropicamide
benztropine,
glycopyrrolate,
hyoscyamine, dicyclomine,
ipratropium, tiotropium,
osymutynin. solifenacin, tolterodine,
scopolamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

atropine, homatropine, tropicamide. where is it used and what does it do?

A

eye! mydriasis and cycloplegia (no accomodation)

19
Q

Benztropine. where is it used and what does it do?

A

CNS! parkinsons. acute dystonia

20
Q

Clycopyrrolate. where is it used and what does it do?

A

GI, respiratory.

parenteral: preop. to reduce airway secretions
oral: for drooling, peptic ulcer

21
Q

Hyoscyamine, dicyclomine. where is it used and what does it do?

A

GI. antispasmodics for irritable bowel

22
Q

Ipratropium and tiotropium. where it is used and what does it do?

A

respiratory. COPD and asthma

23
Q

oxybutynin, solifenacin, tolterodine. where is it used and what does it do?

A

GU. reduce bladder spasms and overactive bladder

24
Q

scoplomine. where is it used and what does it do?

A

CNS. motion sickness

25
Q

What is atropine??

A

muscarinic antagonist! (blocker). used for bradycardia and ophtho.

26
Q

atropine tox =???

A

hot as a hare thing. incr temp(bc decr sweating)
dry moth, flushed skin, no accomodation, constipation, disorientation.
May cause closed angle glaucoma in eldery (because of the mydriasis)
urinary retention in prostatic hyperplasia
hyperthermia in infants

27
Q

TCAs and bendryll also have what effects on para?

A

weakly antichol.

28
Q

all the sympathomimeics!

A 
albuterol, salmeterol
dobutamine
dopamine
epinehrine
isoproterenol
norepi
phenylephrine
29
Q

albuterol, salmeterol. what receptors?

A

B2 >B1

30
Q

Dobutamine. what receptors

A

B1

>B, a

31
Q

dopamine. what receptors?

A

D1 =D2

>B>a

32
Q

high dose dopamine?

A

a effects predominate

33
Q

Epi. what receptors

A

B

>a

34
Q

isoproterenol. what receptors?

A

B1=B2

35
Q

norepi. what receptors?

A

a1

>a2>B1. much weaker B2 effect than epi.

36
Q

phenylephrine. what receptors?

A

a1

>a2

37
Q

what is dobutamine used for?

A

HF (inotropic >chronotropic) cardiac stress test. keeps renal vasculature open

38
Q

what i dopamine used for?

A

unstable brady. HF, shock.

at high doses, mostly chronotropic a effects

39
Q

what is epi used for?

A

anaphylaxis, asthma, open angle glaucoma.
a effects at high doses
stronger effect on B2 than norepi

40
Q

Isoproternol. used for?

A

eval of tachyarrythmias. can worsen ischemia!

41
Q

what is norpei used for?

A

hypotension. but decreased renal perfusion…

42
Q

phenylephrine

A

used for hypotension (vasoconstrictor) ocular procedures (mydriasis), rhinitis (decongestant).

43
Q

what does amphetamine do?

A

general agonist.
reuptake inhibitor and releases stored catecholamines.
used for narcolepsy, obesity, and ADHD

44
Q

what does cocaine do?

A

reuptake inhibitor. causes vasoconstriction and local anesthesia.
NEVER give b–blockers if cocaine intox is suspected. (can lead to unapposed A1 activity–> extreme hypertension)

Step Rx incorrect answers (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions