uWorld 46 Flashcards
what is the inheritance pattern of classical galactosemia
autosomal recessive
what is the inheritance pattern of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
x-linked recessive
so is hemophilia B
what is tetanospasmin
protein toxin produced by C. tetani that can ravel by retrograde axonal transport into the CNS
binds GABA and GLYCINE receptors
TETANUS TOXOID (formaldehyde-inactivated tetanus toxin) vaccine- illicit HUMORAL IMMUNITY SPECIFIC for the TETANUS TOXIN
toxoid vaccines produce what kind of response
production of ANTITOXIN antibodies (active immunity)
immune defense against bacteria that the bacteria itself circulates causing infection produces what kind of response
antibodies that fix complement
regurgitant flow from the aorta into the left ventricle in chronic aortic regurgitation leads to an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) and wall stress, with resultant eccentric hypertrophy. Increases in left ventricular chamber size increases what that maintains the cardiac output
increases in STROKE VOLUME
nasal ulcerations, sinusitis, hemoptysis in setting of rapid progressive glomerulonephritis
Wegners
c-ANCA (targets neutrophil proteinase 3)
what are the first line medications or bipolar
lithium
valproate
quetiapine
squatting during Tet spells does what
increases SVR and decreases right-to-left shunting, thereby increasing pulmonary blood flow and improving oxygenation status
in the setting of low ADH where is the highest and lowest urine concentrations
highest: bottom of loop
lowest: distal convoluted tubules and connecting duct
beta thalassemia is due to what
mutations that result in defective transcription, processing, and translation of beta-globin mRNA
what buds are resistant to cephalosporins
LISTERIA (resistant PBPs)
MERSA (resistant PBPs)
ENTEROCOCCI (resistant PBPs)
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia (no cell wall)
what is the most common cause of meningitis in children over 28 days old
STREP PNEUMO
penicillin resistant so 3rd gen cephalosporin is first line
what drug is used to stop vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage
calcium channel blocker No-mo-toppings NIMODIPINE
what is exaggerated sensitivity adverse drug reaction
predictable reaction occurring at lower than expected exposure
Tinnitus after single aspirin dose
what is idiosyncratic adverse reaction drug reactions
unpredictable reaction in certain patients
non immune hemolytic anemia with primaquine in G6PD deficiency
what is pierced in a suprapubic cystostomy
APONEUROSIS of the abdominal wall muscles, along with layers of the superficial fascias, transversals fascia, and exztraperitoneal fat
abduction of the thigh is done by what
gluteus medius and minimus (superior gluteal nerve)
tensor fascia lata
what does extension of the leg
quadriceps femrois muscle group
what does extension of the thigh
gluteus maximus (inferior gluteal nerve) exits through greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis
flexion of thigh is done by what
psoas, iliacus, and sartorial muscles
psoas innervated by lumbar plexus
iliacus is innervated by femoral nerve
the major determinant of whether or not a coronary artery plaque will cause ischemic myocardial injury is what
the RATE at which it occludes the involved artery
this allows for the collaterals that could prevent myocardial necrosis
the extent of tumor expansion is characterized by what
STAGE
not grade (degree of differentiation- well differentiated, mitotic figures)
in meningococcal meningitis blood levels of what correlate closely with morbidity and mortality
lipooligosaccharide (LOS)
