uWorld 39 Flashcards
abnormally slow RELAXATION of MUSCLES is what
MYOTONIA
what are the classic symptoms of myotonic dystrophy
difficulty LOOSENING one’s GRIP after a HANDSHAKE or inability to RELEASE it from a DOORKNOB
CATARACTS
frontal balding
GONADAL ATROPHY
ATROPHY of MUSCLE FIBERS especially TYPE I
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT
CTG expansion coding for myotonia-protein kinase
increased severity with generation (anticipation)
what is seen in ion channel myopathies
MYOTONIA and episodes of HYPOTONIC PARALYSIS (often associated with EXERCISE)
Pas-Positive intracytoplasmic vacuoles found in these conditions
impaired renal tubular bicarbonate reabsorption is seen in what
type 2 (proximal) renal tubular acidosis
poor bicarb resorption can occur in a variety of inherited or acquired conditions, like multiple myeloma and drug toxicity (acetazolamide)
pt with history of dementia and stroke and lung problems (air-fluid opacities), what they got
ASPRIATION PNUMONIA
dysphagia due to neurologic deficits (stroke, neurodegenerative disease)
what are predisposing conditions to aspiration pneumonia
altered state of consciousness imparting cough reflex/glottic closure (dementia, drug into)
dysphagia due to neurologic deficits (storke, neurodegenerative disease)
upper GI tract disorders (GERD)
mechanical compromise of aspirations defenses (nasogastric and endotracheal tubes)
protracted vomiting
large-volume tube needing in recumbent position
what i beta thalassemia TRAIT
beta thalassemia MINOR (they are the same shit)
only TWO BETA THAL genes on chromosome 11 thus loss of one gene is the trait but also called minor
see increased HbA2 (alpha2delta2)
what is cathepsin D protease
PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME used by tumor cells with others like metalloproteases to invade the basement membrane
whats the difference b/w basophilic stippling and ring sideroblast
basophilic stippling is the PERIPHERAL BLOOD smear and is due to rRNA building up
ringed sideroblast is seen in BONE MARROW and is due to IRON build up in the MITOCHONDRIA (due to defect in heme synthesis)
what is atypical depression and what treats it
characterized by:
MOOD REACTIVITY (feeling better in response to positive events)
LEADEN PARALYSIS (pts arms and legs feel extremely heavy)
REJECTION SENSITIVITY
reversed vegetative signs of INCREASED SLEEP and APPETITE
TX: MOAI can be used (especially if previously treatment resistant pt)
what cells in the bone have PTH receptors
osteoBLASTS- causes them to increase production of RANK-L and M-CSF (both of which stimulate osteoclastic precursors to differentiate into bone-resorbing mature osteoclasts)
also decreases osteoprotegrin production
what does the pulmonary function test look like in alveolar hyaline membranes, atelectasis due to extrinsic pulmonary compression, diffuse intraalveolar hemorrhage
RESTRICTIVE for all of them
diffuse intraalveolar hemorrhage would tend to decrease surfactant, leading to alveolar surface tension and promoting alveolar atelectasis
what is danazol
synthetic androgen that acts as a partial agonist at androgen receptors
use: endometriosis, hereditary angioedema
what in the body is unable to use ketones for energy
ERYTHROCYTES- no mitochondria
LIVER- no succinyl-CoA-acetoacetate CoA transferase (thiophorase) which is required to convert acetoacetate to acetoacyl CoA
when a patient has difficulty conceiving or RECURRENT PREGNANCY LOSS how can one screen for structural uterine anomalies
HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAM (HSG) which involves contrast injection through the cerviz into the uterus with a concurrent pelvic x-ray
if HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAM (HSG) shows 2 UNFuSED UTERINE HORNS with a central filling defect, which can reprint a BICORNUATE UTERUS or a LONGITUDINAL UTERINE SEPTUM, how can one tell them apart
MRI will distinguish the two as a SEPTATE UTERUS has a NORMAL OUTER UTERINE CONTOUR
