UW 1 Flashcards
central cord syndrome - etiology, definition
hyper-extension injuries in elderly with pre-existing degenerative changes in cervical spine
- damage in corticospinal tracts and decussating fibers of the lateral spinothalamic –> weakness in upper extremeties, maybe loss of pain and Q
hypertensive encephalopathy - acute hemorrhage on CT
no
MCC of intracerebral hemorrhage in children
cerebral AV malforamation
sub hemorrhage - complications
- rebleeding (1st 24h)
- vasospam (after 3 days)
- hydrocephalus/ increased ICP
- seizures
- hyponatremia (SIADH)
sub hemorrhage - treatment
angiographic procedure to stabilize anerysm by coilling +/or stenting (endovascular therapy)
2. nimodipine
clinical features of corenal abrasion - etiology
- trauma (eg. fingernails, paws, or foregin bod, wood, glass, paper) lodging under the lid
- contact lens
- spontaneous (no obvious foregin body or injury)
clinical features of corneal abrasion - clinical presentation
- severe eye pain due to trigeminal nerver sensory innervation (excpet in patients with V dysfunction due to tumor, trauma, prior VZV)
- possible sensation of foregin body on the eye
- photophobia with reluctance to open
clinical features of corenal abrashion - evaluation
- penlight test to document papillary function + inspect for foregin body
- visual acuity (referral if decreased)
- fluorescein examination after above test to show staining defect
trigeminal neuralgia bilaterally
MS
hemorrhagic stroke after ischemic stroke - when
within 48h –> emergency head CT
atrophy of lenticular nucleus - disease?
wilson
CN III - area of parasympathetic vs motor fibers
parasym: out
motor: central
craniopharyngioma - age
mc children but 50% in adults
sellar masses - types
- benign tumors: pituitary (MC), cranipharyngioma, meningioma, piticytoma (low grade glioma)
- malignant:
- 1ry (germ cell, chordoma, lymphoma,),
- metastatic (eg. lung, breast)
MS - LP (useful?)
only if diagnosis from clinical and MRI is not clear
MS exacerbation - plasma exchange?
only if does not response to steroids
non exertional stroke
affects individuals at the extremes of age incapable of obtaining adequate fluids and removing themselves from a hot environment
heat stroke - complications
rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, acute resp distress syndrome, DIC
idiopathic intracranial HTN - diagnosis
MRI +/- MRV
- LP (CSF presure mre than 250)
RF of stroke (most potent?)
- stroke (most potent)
- hypercholesterolemia
- DM
- smoking
- sedentary lifestyle
Argyl roberston
normal react in accommodation but not in light
neurosyhilis develops more rapidly if / treatmetn
HIV (+)
- 10-14 wks penicillin (IV)
dellirium - first step
focused history, physical evaluation, pulse oxymetry ,review of all medication, CBC, serum electrolytes, urinalysis
thearpy of ischemic stroke
- within 3-45h: alteplase
- non in antiplatelets: aspirin
- on aspirin: aspirin + dipyrodamole or clopidogrel
- with AF: long term anticoagulation
- with large ACA occlusion within 24 hours of symptom: mechanical thrombectomy (regardless if received alteplase) –> then aspirin
- with intracranial large artery atheroscleorisis: aspirin + clopidogrel for 90 d –> then aspirin