Uveitis

Question 1

What immune cells infiltrate the anterior chamber of the eye to cause inflammation in uveitis?

Answer 1

1. Neutrophils
2. Lymphocytes
3. Macrophages

Question 2

What is the name given to the fluid inflammatory cell exudate found in the anterior chamber of the eye in uveitis?

Answer 2

hypopyon

Question 3

What is the most common cause of uveitis?

Answer 3

autoimmune

Question 4

Give 5 general causes of uveitis:

Answer 4

1. Autoimmune
2. Infection
3. Trauma
4. Ischaemia
5. Malignancy

Question 5

What are the 4 types of uveitis?

Answer 5

1. Anterior uveitis
2. Intermediate uveitis
3. Posterior uveitis
4. Panuveitis

Question 6

What is anterior uveitis?

Answer 6

Localized primarily to the anterior segment of the eye, includes iritis (inflammation in the anterior chamber alone) and iridocyclitis (inflammation in the anterior chamber and anterior vitreous)

Question 7

What is intermediate uveitis?

Answer 7

Localized to the vitreous cavity and/or pars plana (part of the ciliary body that extends posteriorly beyond the junction of the iris and sclera)

Question 8

What is posterior uveitis?

Answer 8

Any form of retinitis, choroiditis, or inflammation of the optic disk

Question 9

What is panuevitis?

Answer 9

Inflammation involving anterior, intermediate, and posterior structures

Question 10

Name 6 causes of intermediate uveitis?

Answer 10

1. Idiopathic
2. Multiple sclerosis
3. Sarcoidosis
4. TB
5. Syphilis
6. Lyme disease

Question 11

What are 7 causes of posterior uveitis?

Answer 11

1. Idiopathic
2. CMV
3. HSV/VZV
4. Sarcoidosis
5. Syphilis
6. TB

Question 12

Name 5 causes of panuveitis?

Answer 12

1. Idiopathic
2. Sarcoidosis
3. Vogt-Koynagi-Harada syndrome (VKH)
4. TB
5. Symphilis

Question 13

Give 4 autoimmune diseases that are associated with uveitis:

Answer 13

1) seronegative spondyloarthropathies
2) inflammatory bowel disease
3) sarcoidosis
4) Behcet’s disease

Question 14

Give 3 examples of seronegative spondyloarthropathies:

Answer 14

1) ankylosing spondylitis
2) psoriatic arthritis
3) reactive arthritis

Question 15

What is Behcet’s disease?

Answer 15

A rare disorder that causes blood vessel inflammation resulting in mouth sores, eye inflammation, skin rashes and lesions and genital sores

Question 16

Give 4 symptoms of uveitis:

Answer 16

1) painful, red eye (dull ache)
2) reduced visual acuity
3) photophobia
4) epiphora

Question 17

Why is photophobia a symptom in uveitis?

Answer 17

inflammation of the ciliary muscle resulting in spasm and impaired response to light

Question 18

What are 4 examination findings associated with uveitis?

Answer 18

1. Ciliary flush
2. Mitosis
3. Abnormally shaped pupil
4. Hypopyon

Question 19

What is ciliary flush?

Answer 19

A red ring spreading from the cornea outwards

Question 20

What is mitosis?

Answer 20

excessive constriction of the pupil

Question 21

Why is miosis seen in uveitis?

Answer 21

the pupil constricts due to sphincter muscle contraction

Question 22

What causes the abnormally shaped pupil seen in uveitis?

Answer 22

posterior synechiae (adhesions) that pull the iris into abnormal shapes

Question 23

What two drug groups are the first line treatments for uveitis?

Answer 23

1) steroids
2) cycloplegics

Question 24

What is meant by “cyclopelgic”?

Answer 24

a drug that paralyses the ciliary muscles

Question 25

Why are cycloplegics used in uveitis?

Answer 25

they reduce the action of the muscles, dilating the pupils and reducing the pain associated with ciliary spasm

Question 26

Give two examples of cycloplegic drugs:

Answer 26

1) cyclopentolate
2) atropine
(both anti-muscarinic agents)

Question 27

What HLA type is a risk factor for uveitis?

Answer 27

HLA-B27