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Y3 - Opthalmology > Conjunctivitis > Flashcards

Conjunctivitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by a bacterial/ viral infection

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2
Q

What is the conjunctiva?

A

the external layer covering the outer surface of the globe and the inner surface of the eyelids.

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3
Q

Give 5 general presentations associated with conjunctivitis:

A

1) red, bloodshot eye(s)
2) itchy or gritty sensation
3) discharge
4) chemosis
5) epiphora

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4
Q

What is chemosis?

A

swelling of the conjunctiva

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5
Q

What is epiphora?

A

Excessive watering of the eye

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6
Q

What are the 2 classifications of conjunctivitis?

A
  1. Non-infectious
  2. Infectious
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7
Q

Describe the discharge seen in bacterial conjunctivitis:

A

purulent (green/yellow) which is typically worse in the morning (the eyes may be stuck together)

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8
Q

Describe the discharge seen in viral conjunctivitis:

A

clear discharge

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9
Q

True or false: both bacterial and viral conjunctivitis are highly contagious

A

true

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10
Q

What are 3 viral symptoms that often present alongside conjunctivitis?

A
  1. Dry cough
  2. Sore throat
  3. Blocked nose
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11
Q

What are most cases of viral conjunctivitis caused by?

A

adenovirus

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12
Q

Does viral conjunctivitis tender to present unilateral or bilateral?

A

Bilateral

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13
Q

What lymph nodes are tender in viral conjunctivitis?

A

pre-auricular (infront/above ear)

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14
Q

True or false: conjunctivitis causes pain

A

false

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15
Q

Name 5 viruses that can cause conjunctivitis:

A
  1. Adenovirus
  2. Herpes
  3. Measles
  4. Enterovirus
  5. Coxsackie virus
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16
Q

What two viruses cause acute haemorrhagic viral conjunctivitis?

A

1) enterovirus
2) coxsackie virus

17
Q

What are the two types of presentations of adenoviral conjunctivitis?

A
  1. Pharyngoconjunctival fever
  2. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
18
Q

How does pharyngoconjunctival fever present?

A
  1. Pharyngitis
  2. Conjunctivitis
  3. Fever
19
Q

How does Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis present?

A

More severe, associated with corneal involvement and photophobia

20
Q

Give 3 bacterial genera that commonly cause conjunctivitis:

A

1) Staphylococcus
2) Streptococcus
3) Haemophilus

21
Q

Give two sexually transmitted bacteria that cause conjunctivitis typically in neonates:

A

1) Chlamydia trachomatis
2) Neisseria gonorrhoea

22
Q

What is opthalmia neonatorum?

A

N. gonorrhea vertical transmission during birth that leads to sticky eye discharge and may cause blindness

23
Q

What two conjunctivitis bacteria also cause reactive arthritis?

A

1) Chlamydia trachomatis
2) Neisseria gonorrhoea

24
Q

What is the triad of symptoms seen in reactive arthritis?

A
  1. Arthritis
  2. Conjunctivitis
  3. Urethritis
25
Q

What is urethritis?

A

An inflammation of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

26
Q

Give 3 presentations associated with bacterial conjunctivitis:

A
  1. Unilateral
  2. Sticky purulent discharge
  3. Rapidly and very inflamed conjunctiva
27
Q

Which type of infection is associated with profuse discharge?

A

Gonococcal infections

28
Q

What type of conjunctivitis tends to be associated with follicles and pre-auricular lymphadenopathy?

A

chlamydial conjunctivitis

29
Q

What type of sensitivity reaction is allergic conjunctivitis?

A

type 1 hypersensitivity

30
Q

Give 3 presentations associated with allergic conjunctivitis:

A

1) bilateral
2) intense itching
3) examination of the eyelid will reveal papillae (cobblestone appearance)

31
Q

What are the 4 subtypes of allergic conjunctivitis?

A
  1. Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis - secondary to hay fever, therefore most common in summer
  2. Perennial allergic conjunctivitis - caused by allergens such as house dust mite
  3. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis - most common in young males living in hot dry climates
  4. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis - most common in middle aged men.
32
Q

What management can be given for viral conjunctivitis?

A

tends to be self- limiting and rarely requires treatment

33
Q

What investigations can be used for conjunctivitis?

A

Conjunctival scrape

34
Q

Name 3 groups of patients that may require a conjunctival scrape?

A
  1. Immunosuppressed
  2. Post-corneal transplant
  3. Sexual active young people
35
Q

Severe cases of bacterial conjunctivitis may be treated with eye drops - give two examples of agents used in these eyedrops:

A

1) chloramphenicol
2) fusidic acid

36
Q

Give 3 hygiene measures used to decrease conjunctivitis transmission:

A

1) avoiding towel sharing
2) avoid close contact
3) regular handwashing

37
Q

True or false: neonates with conjunctivitis need urgent ophthalmology assessment

A

True

38
Q

What are complications of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Certain bacteria such as Neisseria have a propensity to invade the cornea, which can lead to keratitis and endophthalmitis. These conditions can subsequently cause reduced vision or blindness if not treated promptly.

39
Q

How can allergic conjunctivitis be treated?

A

Treatment includes allergen avoidance, topical and oral antihistamine as well as topical mast-cell stabilisers and occasionally, mild steroids

Y3 - Opthalmology (14 decks)

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