Benign eyelid disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to an external stye?

A

hordeolum externum

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2
Q

What is the name given to an internal stye?

A

hordeolum internum

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3
Q

What is an external hordeolum caused by?

A

a staphylococcal infection of an eyelash follicle.

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4
Q

What is a internal hordeolum caused by?

A

infection of a meibomian gland

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5
Q

What two glands form external styes when infected?

A

1) Glands of Moll
2) Glands of Zeis

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6
Q

What are the glands of Moll?

A

Sweat glands found at the base of the eyelashes

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7
Q

What are the glands of Zeis?

A

sebaceous glands found at the base of the eyelashes

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8
Q

Describe how a stye presents:

A

tender, red lump which may contain pus

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9
Q

Give 3 associated symptoms for styes:

A

1) eyelid swelling
2) yellow discharge
3) eyelid crusting

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10
Q

Give 3 risk factors for styes:

A
  1. Rubbing the eye
  2. Rosacea
  3. Blepharitis
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11
Q

Which tender to be more painful, hordeolum externum or internum?

A

hordeolum internum (as the stye pushes on the eyeball)

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12
Q

Give 2 symptomatic treatments for styes:

A

1) hot compress
2) analgesia

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13
Q

What topical antibiotic is used for persistent styes?

A

chloramphenicol

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14
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

an infection of the meibomian gland which becomes blocked and swollen

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15
Q

Describe the presentation of a chalazion:

A

red, non-tender lump along the eyelid which may contain pus

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16
Q

What two conditions are chalazion associated with?

A
  1. Blepharitis
  2. Acne rosacea
17
Q

Give two ways in which chalazions are treated:

A

1) warm compress
2) gentle massage towards the eye lashes to encourage drainage

18
Q

What is the name given to the condition where the eyelid turns inwards?

19
Q

What is the name given to the condition where the eyelid turns outwards?

20
Q

Give a key manifestation caused by eyelashes pressing against the eye in entropion?

A

corneal ulceration and risking sight loss

21
Q

Give two causes of entropion:

A

1) Trachoma infection
2) weakness of eyelid muscles (age-related degenerative changes)

22
Q

Give 3 treatments used for entropion:

A

1) taping the eyelid down
2) lubricating eye drops
3) surgery (for definitive management)

23
Q

How does an ectropion present?

A
  1. Sore red eye
  2. often watery due to disrupted tear drainage
24
Q

what type of nerve lesion can cause ectropion?

A

Facial nerve palsy

25
What is a key manifestation of ectropion?
exposure keratopathy
26
What is exposure keratopathy?
damage to the cornea due to ocular dryness caused by inadequate lid closure
27
Give 2 treatments used for ectropion:
1) lubricating eye drops 2) surgery
28
What is trichiasis?
inward growth of eyelashes
29
What are 2 complications of trichiasis?
1. Corneal ulceration 2. Sight loss
30
What are most cases of trichiasis caused by?
Chronic blepharitis
31
What is the standard treatment for trichiasis?
removing the eye lashes (in recurrent cases, laser treatment of eyelashes)