Benign eyelid disorders

Question 1

What is the name given to an external stye?

Answer 1

hordeolum externum

Question 2

What is the name given to an internal stye?

Answer 2

hordeolum internum

Question 3

What is an external hordeolum caused by?

Answer 3

a staphylococcal infection of an eyelash follicle.

Question 4

What is a internal hordeolum caused by?

Answer 4

infection of a meibomian gland

Question 5

What two glands form external styes when infected?

Answer 5

1) Glands of Moll
2) Glands of Zeis

Question 6

What are the glands of Moll?

Answer 6

Sweat glands found at the base of the eyelashes

Question 7

What are the glands of Zeis?

Answer 7

sebaceous glands found at the base of the eyelashes

Question 8

Describe how a stye presents:

Answer 8

tender, red lump which may contain pus

Question 9

Give 3 associated symptoms for styes:

Answer 9

1) eyelid swelling
2) yellow discharge
3) eyelid crusting

Question 10

Give 3 risk factors for styes:

Answer 10

1. Rubbing the eye
2. Rosacea
3. Blepharitis

Question 11

Which tender to be more painful, hordeolum externum or internum?

Answer 11

hordeolum internum (as the stye pushes on the eyeball)

Question 12

Give 2 symptomatic treatments for styes:

Answer 12

1) hot compress
2) analgesia

Question 13

What topical antibiotic is used for persistent styes?

Answer 13

chloramphenicol

Question 14

What is a chalazion?

Answer 14

an infection of the meibomian gland which becomes blocked and swollen

Question 15

Describe the presentation of a chalazion:

Answer 15

red, non-tender lump along the eyelid which may contain pus

Question 16

What two conditions are chalazion associated with?

Answer 16

1. Blepharitis
2. Acne rosacea

Question 17

Give two ways in which chalazions are treated:

Answer 17

1) warm compress
2) gentle massage towards the eye lashes to encourage drainage

Question 18

What is the name given to the condition where the eyelid turns inwards?

Answer 18

entropian

Question 19

What is the name given to the condition where the eyelid turns outwards?

Answer 19

ectropion

Question 20

Give a key manifestation caused by eyelashes pressing against the eye in entropion?

Answer 20

corneal ulceration and risking sight loss

Question 21

Give two causes of entropion:

Answer 21

1) Trachoma infection
2) weakness of eyelid muscles (age-related degenerative changes)

Question 22

Give 3 treatments used for entropion:

Answer 22

1) taping the eyelid down
2) lubricating eye drops
3) surgery (for definitive management)

Question 23

How does an ectropion present?

Answer 23

1. Sore red eye
2. often watery due to disrupted tear drainage

Question 24

what type of nerve lesion can cause ectropion?

Answer 24

Facial nerve palsy

Question 25

What is a key manifestation of ectropion?

Answer 25

exposure keratopathy

Question 26

What is exposure keratopathy?

Answer 26

damage to the cornea due to ocular dryness caused by inadequate lid closure

Question 27

Give 2 treatments used for ectropion:

Answer 27

1) lubricating eye drops
2) surgery

Question 28

What is trichiasis?

Answer 28

inward growth of eyelashes

Question 29

What are 2 complications of trichiasis?

Answer 29

1. Corneal ulceration
2. Sight loss

Question 30

What are most cases of trichiasis caused by?

Answer 30

Chronic blepharitis

Question 31

What is the standard treatment for trichiasis?

Answer 31

removing the eye lashes (in recurrent cases, laser treatment of eyelashes)