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Y3 - Opthalmology > Optic neuritis > Flashcards

Optic neuritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is optic neuritis?

A

An inflammatory or demyelinating disorder of the optic nerve causing acute visual loss

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2
Q

What neuro disease is optic neuritis associated with?

A

multiple sclerosis

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3
Q

Give 3 atypical causes of optic neuritis:

A
  1. Antibody-mediated
  2. Infectious
  3. Sarcoidosis
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4
Q

Give an example of antibody-mediated optic neuritis?

A
  1. Syphilis
  2. Lyme disease
  3. Herpes
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5
Q

Give 4 risk factors for optic neuritis?

A
  1. MS
  2. Female sex
  3. Young age (20-50 years)
  4. Higher latitude (incidence is higher in areas further from the equator)
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6
Q

Give 5 potential presenting complaints associated with optic neuritis?

A
  1. Acute unilateral loss of vision
  2. Retrobulbar and peri-ocular pain
  3. photopsias
  4. visual field loss
  5. reduced contrast sensitivity and colour vision
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7
Q

What does retrobulbar mean?

A

behind the eye

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8
Q

What is retrobulbar mean?

A

behind the eye

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9
Q

What is photopsia?

A

Visual flares

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10
Q

Does optic neuritis present acutely or chronically?

A

Acute

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11
Q

How long do periods of optic neuritis typically last?

A

2 weeks

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12
Q

Give 5 examinations used to investigate optic neuritis:

A

1) visual acuity testing
2) ishihara test for colour vision
3) pupillary light reflex
4) fundoscopy
5) extraocular muscle movements (follow my finger)

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13
Q

What would a pupillary light reflex show in an eye with optic neuritis?

A

no reflex in the affected eye

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14
Q

What sign may be seen on fundoscopy of an eye with optic neuritis?

A

swelling of the optic disc

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15
Q

True or false: optic neuritis is typically a clinical diagnosis

A

true

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16
Q

What scan can be used to view the optic nerve and thus confirm diagnosis of optic neuritis?

A

MRI brain and orbits

17
Q

If an MRI does not show any signs of optic neuritis, what investigation can be used to support a clinical diagnosis?

A

lumbar puncture and CSF analysis (can be used to show signs of multiple sclerosis)

18
Q

What is the key treatment used for an acute and profound flair up of optic neuritis?

A

high dose corticosteroid therapy (IV methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone)

19
Q

True or false: an episode of optic neuritis results in definite conversion to multiple sclerosis

A

false

20
Q

True or false: patients with optic neuritis have a >90% chance of recovering vision

A

True

Y3 - Opthalmology (14 decks)

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