UTS Week 1 Flashcards
I do not think that I know what I do not know.
Socrates
Know thyself
Question everything
Only the pursuit of Goodness bring Happiness
Socratic Method
Socrates
Notion of happiness in Greek philosophy applies arete - “virtue” or “excellence”
Plato
Anything that has a characteristic use, function, or activity has a virtue or excellence.
Plato
Tripartite Soul
Plato
Desires to exert reason and attain rational decisions
Rational part (ruling class)
desires supreme honor
Spirited part (military class)
desires bodily pleasures such as food, drink, sex, etc.
Appetite part (commoner)
Claim to be the founder or logic which rests primarily on prior analytics
Aristotle
Contributed the foundation of symbolic logic and scientific thinking
St Augustine
The best way to gain knowledge was through natural philosophy which we now call science.
St Augustine
Happiness, which is dependent in an individual’s virtue, is the central purpose of human life and a goal in itself
St Augustine
The Self is defined as a subject that thinks
Rene Descartes
The self that has full competence in the powers of human reason.
Rene Descartes
Personal identity is a matter of psychological continuity
John Locke
Personal identity (or the self) is founded on consciousness.
John Locke
Identity over time is fixed by awareness of the past
John Locke
Posits an “empty” mind, a tabula rasa, which is shaped by experience, and sensations and reflections being the two sources of all our ideas.
John Locke
“We can only conclude that there is no good reason for believing that the self exists”
David Hume
The self is nothing over and above a constantly varying bundle of experiences
David Hume
Consciousness is the central feature of the self.
Immanuel Kant
The consciousness is divided into internal self and external self
Immanuel Kant
Composed of psychological states and informed decisions.
Internal self
Made up of ourselves and the physical world
External self
The self continues from childhood to adulthood
Sigmund freud
Personality is determined by childhood experiences
Sigmund freud
personality is largely unconscious
Sigmund freud
Structure of the self
Id, ego, superego
Animalistic self, pleasure principle
Id
Executive self, reality principle
Ego
Conscience, morality principle
Superego
Rejects theory that mental states are separable from physical states.
Gilbert Ryle
Philosophical behaviourism
Gilbert Ryle
He argued that philosophers do not need a hidden principle to explain the supra mechanical capacities of humans
Gilbert Ryle
Existentialism
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Consciousness, the world, and the human body as a perceiving thing are intricately intertwined and mutually engaged.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
