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Microbiology > UTIs > Flashcards

UTIs Flashcards

1
Q

What classifies a UTI as being hospital acquired?

A

elements of a case not present on admission but on the third calendar day of admission

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2
Q

What classifies a UTI as being recurrent?

A

3 or more episodes symptomatic bacteriuria w/in 1 yr

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3
Q

Under what conditions are UTIs considered complicated?

A 
Diabetes
Pregnancy
History of acute pyelonephritis in past year
Symptoms of >7 days before seeking care
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial resistant uropathogen
Hospital (healthcare) acquired infection
Renal failure
BEING MALE
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4
Q

Except for one organism, what is the primary source of microbes that cause UTIs? What is the exception?

A

GI tract; Staphylococcus saprophyticus - CoNS can also be transient skin flora

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5
Q

When is the only time the prevalence of male UTI is higher than female? When does it pretty much equal out?

A

Prior to one month of age; age 50 due to BPH

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6
Q

2 predisposing factors in PGN women leads to reflux and UTI. What are they?

A

expanding uterus blocks ureters, Progesterone muscle tone reduction

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7
Q

How does menstruation predispose women to UTIs?

A

Loss of vaginal and uro- epithelia + normal flora

Increased risk for E. coli and S. saprophyticus UTIs

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8
Q

How does BPH lead to UTIs?

A

causes stasis and reflux

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9
Q

Which VF is responsible for colonizing lower UTI and causing acute cystitis with E. Coli?

A

Mannose-sensitive fimbria – FimH protein

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10
Q

What is the VF responsible for pyelonephritis?

A

P fimbriae- binds to P blood group antigen on uroepithelial cells and RBCs
Enhances persistence of infection & inflammation in UT

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11
Q

How is hemolysin used as a VF?

A

causes hemolysis

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12
Q

What is the primary VF in p mirabilis and s sapro? What does it do?

A

Urease; increases pH and forms struvite crystals

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13
Q

What effect does endotoxin have as a VF?

A

causes systemic sepsis

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14
Q

How does aerobactin act as a VF?

A

scavenges Fe

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15
Q

What are some microbes that use polysaccharides to form biofilms?

A

E. coli; Proteus mirabilis; Klebsiella pneumoniae
S. epidermidis; Enterococcus faecalis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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16
Q

Which microbe has a K antigen responsible for virulence? What does K signify?

A

UPEC; CAPSULAR PRESENCE

17
Q

What are the three most common causes of descending pyelonephritis?

A

S. aureus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Candida albicans

18
Q

What is urethritis often associated with in males? Females?

A

Prostatitis; cystitis

19
Q

What are the common STD agents causing urethritis?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae,

and Trichomonas vaginalis

20
Q

What amount of bacteria is considered significant and to be diagnostic for cystitis?

A

10^5 CFU

21
Q

What are patients at risk for if they have bacteruria with no sx?

A

Upper UTI

22
Q

In whom do you need to tx asymptomatic bacteriuria especially?

A

Pregnant women – lower infant birth weight
Preschool children – renal scarring
also elderly men who undergo prostatic surgery or some other UT procedure. You need to treat before any one of these! All it takes is a minor microabrasion for septic effects!

23
Q

A pt has acute sx and pyuria. What amount of bacteria is needed to diagnose as UTI?

A

10^2 CFU, otherwise 10^5

24
Q

What diagnostic tests can you run on urine to check for UTI?

A

Urine culture with sensitivity info

UA

25
Q

What agars are used for urine cultures?

A

MacConkey; CLED; Eosin-Methylene Blue; Hektoen Enteric

26
Q

What is the Kirby-Bauer agar used for?

A

To check sensitivity from a pure culture

27
Q

What species contain nitrites?

A

E. coli, Proteus and Klebsiella

28
Q

How long do you treat pyelonephritis for? Cystitis?

A

10 days; 3 days

29
Q

What mechanism leads to UTIs in PGN? Post menopausal?

A

Stasis and reflux; STASIS ONLY

Microbiology (14 decks)

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