UTIs Flashcards
What is a UTI?
A symptomatic infection within the urinary Tract
What are Asymptomatic bacteriuria?
Significant numbers of bacteria in urine with no symptoms
What is a lower UTI?
Involves bladder (cystitis) or urethra (urethritis)
What is a bladder UTI?
Cystitis
What is a urethra UTI?
Urethritis
What is an upper UTI?
Generally effect kidneys (pyelonephritis) or ureters (ureteritis)
Wh are UTIs more common in women?
Anatomy
Birth control
Menopause
Sexual activity
What are the two types of UTI?
Uncomplicated and complicated
What is a complicated UTI?
Associated with extra problems such as urinary obstructions, renal failure urinary retention.
What are the 6 stages of UTI. Pathogenesis?
Colonisation, uroepithelium penetration, Acension , pyelonephritis and acute kidney injury.
What is pathogenesis step colonisation?
Pathogen colonises periuretheral area and scenes up urethra towards bladder.
What is pathogenesis step uroepithelium penetration?
Fimbria allow binding of bladder epithelia and penetration.
What is pathogenesis step acension?
Sufficient bacterial colonisation occurs bacteria may ascend up ureter towards kidneys.
What is pathogenesis step
Pyelonephritis?
Infection of renal parenchyma causes and inflammatory response
What is pathogenesis step acute renal injury?
If cascade continues tubular obstruction and damage occurs leads to interstitial Edema
What is the diagnostic test for UTIs?
Dipstick test (chemical test) and bacteria culture.
What is dysuria?
Pain/discomfort on passing urine
What is polyuria?
Excess urine
What is Pyuria?
Presence of Pus and WBCs
What does suprapubic refer to?
Relates to area above pubis
When can you detect nitrites in the urinary tract?
When you have a symptomatic infections caused by nitrate reducing bacteria.
Why is it difficult to detect nitrites in the urinary tract?
Bacteria have to be in contract with reagents for long enough to get a visible reaction. A lot of bacteria can also reduce nitrites into nitrogen.
What do leukocytes in urinary tract suggest?
Cna indicate infection if present in high number.
How can you test for leukocytes?
Leukocyte esterase
