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Medical Microbiology > UTIs > Flashcards

UTIs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a UTI?

A

A symptomatic infection within the urinary Tract

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2
Q

What are Asymptomatic bacteriuria?

A

Significant numbers of bacteria in urine with no symptoms

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3
Q

What is a lower UTI?

A

Involves bladder (cystitis) or urethra (urethritis)

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4
Q

What is a bladder UTI?

A

Cystitis

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5
Q

What is a urethra UTI?

A

Urethritis

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6
Q

What is an upper UTI?

A

Generally effect kidneys (pyelonephritis) or ureters (ureteritis)

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7
Q

Wh are UTIs more common in women?

A

Anatomy
Birth control
Menopause
Sexual activity

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8
Q

What are the two types of UTI?

A

Uncomplicated and complicated

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9
Q

What is a complicated UTI?

A

Associated with extra problems such as urinary obstructions, renal failure urinary retention.

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10
Q

What are the 6 stages of UTI. Pathogenesis?

A

Colonisation, uroepithelium penetration, Acension , pyelonephritis and acute kidney injury.

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11
Q

What is pathogenesis step colonisation?

A

Pathogen colonises periuretheral area and scenes up urethra towards bladder.

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12
Q

What is pathogenesis step uroepithelium penetration?

A

Fimbria allow binding of bladder epithelia and penetration.

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13
Q

What is pathogenesis step acension?

A

Sufficient bacterial colonisation occurs bacteria may ascend up ureter towards kidneys.

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14
Q

What is pathogenesis step

Pyelonephritis?

A

Infection of renal parenchyma causes and inflammatory response

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15
Q

What is pathogenesis step acute renal injury?

A

If cascade continues tubular obstruction and damage occurs leads to interstitial Edema

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16
Q

What is the diagnostic test for UTIs?

A

Dipstick test (chemical test) and bacteria culture.

17
Q

What is dysuria?

A

Pain/discomfort on passing urine

18
Q

What is polyuria?

A

Excess urine

19
Q

What is Pyuria?

A

Presence of Pus and WBCs

20
Q

What does suprapubic refer to?

A

Relates to area above pubis

21
Q

When can you detect nitrites in the urinary tract?

A

When you have a symptomatic infections caused by nitrate reducing bacteria.

22
Q

Why is it difficult to detect nitrites in the urinary tract?

A

Bacteria have to be in contract with reagents for long enough to get a visible reaction. A lot of bacteria can also reduce nitrites into nitrogen.

23
Q

What do leukocytes in urinary tract suggest?

A

Cna indicate infection if present in high number.

24
Q

How can you test for leukocytes?

A

Leukocyte esterase

25
Q

What is UPEC?

A

Unpathogenic E.coli

Medical Microbiology (11 decks)

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