Utilize Personal Protective Measures

Question 1

Why protection from arthropods is necessary

Answer 1

• Bite, sting, allergic reactions, morale
• Adversely effects readiness, military operations, well-being of personnel and animals
• Attack or damage of real property, supplies, equipment, and vegetation

Question 2

Discuss Arthropod disease transmission

Answer 2

• Endemic and emerging diseases that are vectorborne
• USAF personnel are at risk of being exposed globally and domestically
• Approximately 75% of emerging Inf Ds are zoonotic
• Impact mission and has caused majority of casualties

Question 3

Chemoprophylaxis

Answer 3

chemical which is ingested before exposure to a disease; as chemical circulates, it kills any pathogen it contacts. Most commonly used for Malaria/location dependent

Question 4

Vaccination

Answer 4

Live or inactivated disease organisms introduced before exposure to a disease; changes the immune system, allowing body’s natural defenses to resist the disease

Question 5

Avoidance

Answer 5

Consists of using common sense and planning to avoid pests/vectors in these areas:

(1) dwelling areas–where vectors congregate, hide, or inhabit
(2) breeding areas–where arthropods breed and complete much of their life cycle

Question 6

This is the most important component of personal protection

Answer 6

EDUCATION

Question 7

Examples of prophylactics against Malaria include…

Answer 7

• Doxycycline
• Malarone
• Mefloquine-black label warning
• Chloroquine
• Primaquine-drug used in the terminal prophylaxis of malaria
• —->can’t have G6PD deficiency for primaquine and it can then damage RBCs

Question 8

Hereditary, sex-linked enzyme defect that results in the breakdown of RBCs when exposed to the stress of the infection

Answer 8

G6PD deficiency

–render primaquine ineffective

Question 9

5 facts about yellow fever vaccination

Answer 9

(1) WHO recommends single vaccine (YF 17D dose)
(2) Certain countries require proof of vaccination upon arrival
(3) A second vaccine dose might be considered before 5 years after the first dose
(4) Life-threatening side effects (RARE) with organ failure (1/250,000); more than half the people with this side effect die
* Stamaril**Live vaccine
(5) Good for 10 years

Question 10

4 facts about Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine

Answer 10

1. Current Vaccine - IXIARO
2. JEV no longer requires duties not including flying classification for flyers
3. As of Jan 2015,
   * Mandatory if assigned, deployed, r TDY to Japan or Republic of Korea for >-30 years

Question 11

DoD insect repellant system

Answer 11

• permethrin treated uniform/clothing
• DEET (skin OR clothing)
• Picardin (better user acceptability over DEET)
• IR3535 (similar to picardin)

Question 12

When considering avoidance/protection measures against arthropod diseases, it’s better to know the ??______??

Answer 12

Range of the vector in question.
Black flies--up to 10 miles
Deer flies--Strong fliers so many miles
Mosquitos--1-5 miles
*Aedes is up to 5
*Anopholes is up to 2
*Culex,aedes-up to 1
Anopholes, aedes, and culex-up to 5 miles

Question 13

Avoidance protection measures

Answer 13

Terrain features–terrain may be closely tied to the vector
Black flies are abundant near streams; tick species that transmit lyme disease are abundant in transitional species.
Peak abundance times-day, dusk/dawn, night

Question 14

Physical barriers as protection methods include

Answer 14

1. Oils-provide thick film to prevent insects from feeding on you
2. Screens-windows/tents
3. Bed nets-can be treated with permethrin/made of nylon mesh
4. Uniform